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61.
Moroz L. V. Baratta G. Distefano E. Strazzulla G. Starukhina L. V. Dotto E. Barucci M. A. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2003,92(1-4):279-289
Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) and Centaurs show remarkable colour variationsin the visual and near-infrared spectral regions. Surface alteration processes such asspace weathering (e.g., bombardment with ions) and impact resurfacingmay play an important role in the colour diversity of such bodies. Ion irradiation ofhydrocarbon ices and their mixtures with water ice transforms neutral (grey) surfacecolours of ices to red and further to grey. Along with the ices, TNOs and Centaursprobably contain complex carbonaceous compounds, in particular, complexhydrocarbons. Unlike ices, such refractory organic materials have originally lowvisual albedos and red colours in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Here wepresent the first results of ion irradiation experiments on asphaltite. Asphaltite isa natural complex hydrocarbon material. The reflectance spectra of asphaltite inthe 0.4–0.8 μm range have been recorded before irradiation and after eachirradiation step. We demonstrate that irradiation of this red dark material with30 keV H+ and 15 keV N+ ions gradually transforms its colour from redto grey as a result of carbonization. A moderate increase in the visual albedo hasbeen observed. These results may imply that the surfaces of primitive red objectsoptically dominated by complex refractory organics may show a similar spaceweathering trend. Our laboratory results were compared with published coloursof TNOs and Centaurs. A broad variety of spectral colours observed for TNOs andCentaurs may be reproduced by various spectra of irradiated organics correspondingto different ion fluences. However, such objects probably also contain ices and silicatecomponents which show different space weathering trends. This fact, together with alack of information about albedos, may explain difficulties to reveal correlations between surface colours within TNO and Centaur populations and their other properties, such as absolute magnitudes and orbital parameters. 相似文献
62.
The most general accurate solutions for the Buchdhal fluid sphere were obtained and matched with the Schwarzchild's exterior
solution at the pressure free interface. Various parameters of the solutions were so adjusted that the energy density, pressure
and temperature were positive and decreasing away from the centre, and the velocity of sound was less than unity throughout
the spheroid model. Using this procedure, the maximum mass of the fluid sphere with a surface density of2 × 1014gm cm-3 was determined to be 3.82MΘ and 4.57 MΘ for strong and weak energy conditions respectively. PACS number: 0402, 0402J, 0440D,
95301
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
63.
Milan M. Ćirković 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,283(2):273-277
The existence of rotation signatures in damped Lyαabsorption systems represents a crucial test of the hypothesis that these features arise in disks of normal spiral galaxies. We apply the method for evaluating such signatures to the metal absorption lines in QSO 0528-250. In particular, the systemic redshift of the absorber is inferred from the recent detection of emission in the absorber by Möller and Warren. The kinematics of this absorber are particularly interesting because molecular hydrogen, the densest ISM component of the assumed foreground absorbing galaxy, is detected. Contrary to a recent claim, the method yields a satisfactory value for the assumed rotation velocity of the absorber. 相似文献
64.
Summary ?A single-crystal X-ray investigation was performed on crystals of P21/c natural pigeonite with varying Ca and Fe* ( = Fe2+ + Mn2+) contents, in order to verify the effect of microtextural disorder on structure refinements and to constrain the crystal
chemistry of pigeonite. Antiphase domains and exsolution lamellae affect differently the refinement results. In a crystal
free of exsolution the structure obtained after refinement with all reflections is an average of that of the antiphase domains
and of their boundaries, whereas in an exsolved crystal it represents only the structure of the prevailing pigeonite lamellae.
The refinement using only h + k odd reflections seems to give the structure of the Ca-free pigeonite characteristic of the antiphase domains rather than
that of Ca-rich domain walls. The ratio of the scale factors in refinements with all reflections and with only h + k odd reflections allows the ratios of the exsolved augite and pigeonite phases to be estimated.
The crystal chemistry of the investigated samples follows the trends outlined by data on Ca-free and Fe-free synthetic samples.
In particular, it is shown that Ca and Fe* substitution for Mg induce similar changes in the average structure, i.e. both induce an expansion in the M1 polyhedron and
decrease the difference between the M2–O3 distances.
Received October 18, 2001; revised version accepted February 15, 2002 相似文献
65.
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67.
The Cycladic blueschist belt in the central Aegean Sea has experienced high‐pressure (HP) metamorphism during collisional processes between the Apulian microplate and Eurasia. The general geological and tectonometamorphic framework is well documented, but one aspect which is yet not sufficiently explored is the importance of HP mélanges which occur within volcano‐sedimentary successions. Unresolved issues concern the range in magmatic and metamorphic ages recorded by mélange blocks and the significance of eventual pre‐Eocene HP metamorphism. These aspects are here addressed in a U‐Pb zircon study focusing on the block–matrix association exposed on the island of Syros. Two gneisses from a tectonic slab of this mélange, consisting of an interlayered felsic gneiss‐glaucophanite sequence, yielded zircon 206Pb/238U ages of 240.1 ± 4.1 and 245.3 ± 4.9 Ma, respectively, similar to Triassic ages determined on zircon in meta‐volcanic rocks from structurally coherent sequences elsewhere in the Cyclades. This strongly suggests that parts of these successions have been incorporated in the mélanges and provides the first geochronological evidence that the provenance of mélange blocks/slabs is neither restricted to a single source nor confined to fragments of oceanic lithosphere. Zircon from a jadeitite and associated alteration zones (omphacitite, glaucophanite and chlorite‐actinolite rock) all yielded identical 206Pb/238U ages of c. 80 Ma. Similar Cretaceous U‐Pb zircon ages previously reported for mélange blocks have been interpreted by different authors to reflect magmatic or metamorphic ages. The present study adds a further argument in favour of the view that zircon formed newly in some rock types at c. 80 Ma, due to hydrothermal or metasomatic processes in a subduction zone environment, and supports the interpretation that the Cycladic blueschist belt records both Cretaceous and Eocene HP episodes and not only a single Tertiary HP event. 相似文献
68.
The frequent use of soils and earth materials for hydraulic capping and for geo‐environmental waste containment motivated our interest in detailed modelling of changes in size and shape of macro‐pores to establish links between soil mechanical behaviour and concurrent changes in hydraulic and transport properties. The objective of this study was to use finite element analysis (FEA) to test and extend previous analytical solutions proposed by the authors describing deformation of a single macro‐pore embedded in linear viscoplastic soil material subjected to anisotropic remote stress. The FEA enables to consider more complex pore geometries and provides a detailed picture of matrix yield behaviour to explain shortcomings of approximate analytical solutions. Finite element and analytical calculations agreed very well for linear viscous as well as for viscoplastic materials, only limited for the case of isotropic remote stress due to the simplifications of the analytical model related to patterns and onset of matrix‐yielding behaviour. FEA calculations were compared with experimental data obtained from a compaction experiment in which pore deformation within a uniform modelling clay sample was monitored using CAT scanning. FEA predictions based on independently measured material properties and initial pore geometry provided an excellent match with experimentally determined evolution of pore size and shape hence lending credence to the potential use of FEA for more complex pore geometries and eventually connect macro‐pore deformation with hydraulic properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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