The Annual Characteristics of Rainwater HCHO in Guiyang City,Southwest of China

HCHO is ubiquitous and important chemical constitutes in the troposphere. The concentrations of the HCHO (aq) in the rainwater were measured in the Guiyang city, southeastern of China from May 2006 to April 2007 and 153 discrete samples were collected. Rainwater (N = 151) HCHO (aq) concentrations ranged from lower than method detection limit (MDL) to 40.2 µmol/L with a volume weighted mean value of 7.4 ± 8.8 µmol/L. The strong correlations between HCHO (aq) and HCOO^? (r = 0.69, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and nss‐ (r = 0.74, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and (r = 0.67, n = 137), HCHO (aq) and (r = 0.74, n = 133) suggest the significant influence of the anthropogenic input for the HCHO (aq) levels. The concentration levels of rainwater HCHO (aq) was inversely proportional to the amount of rainfall, indicating the below‐cloud process is the most important mechanism for rainwater HCHO (aq) scavenging processes. More than 70% of the HCHO (aq) wet deposition took place during the early stage of the rainfall. According to the air mass back‐trajectory analysis, the rainwater with industrial back‐trajectories coming from the north had the highest levels of HCHO (aq) while the rainwater with the green‐covered or marine back‐trajectories from the southeast had the lowest concentrations, and this indicate the HCHO (aq) originated from urban or industrial regions served as an important source of the rainwater. The annual HCHO (aq) wet deposition flux was calculated as 6.96 mmol/m² per year and the total deposition flux was estimated as 24.35 mmol/m² per year, 71.4% of which was dominated by dry deposition.     

3种典型地表风沙流通量廓线研究现状

风沙流研究越来越受到人们的重视,其中风沙流通量廓线研究起着重要作用。本文总结了3种典型地表(流沙地表、草方格地表、戈壁地表)风沙流通量廓线研究现状及存在问题。由于研究方法、研究区域及集沙效率的不同,风沙流通量廓线函数有指数函数、对数函数、幂函数、分段函数等多种,同一问题不同函数模拟结果差异可达到3倍,难以应用于实际。根据研究中存在的问题,提出风沙流通量廓线研究发展趋势。     

上海城市室内空气质量影响因素分析

本文从环境、建筑材料和装饰装修材料、时间等角度,对上海城市室内空气质量影响因素进行分析,认为不同气候条件和地域景观会对室内质量产生影响,装饰装修材料、涂料及其胶粘剂和装修水平也会对室内空气质量产生影响.精装修房的室内空气质量检查调查成果表明,装修完成后不宜立即入住,在开窗通风4个月后入住较为安全.     

破坏性地震应急信息处置研究现状简述

结合地震应急实例,分析了对破坏性地震应急信息处置的认识,并对国内外有关方面的研究现状进行了简要介绍.     

Status of Macrobenthic Community and Its Relationships to Trace Metals and Natural Sediment Characteristics

Laizhou Bay, located in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula, has complex transitional environments between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In the present study, a total of 122, 131, and 139 species were collected in spring, summer, and autumn 2011, respectively. Species constitutions of macrobenthos were grouped into four phyla, of which annelida were the most abundant phylum, the average biomass proportion of echinodermata was the lowest, and the proportion of important species for mollusca was the highest. The structure of the macrobenthic community showed significant differences between sites, and greater divergence was observed between the third site (S03) and other stations. The ABC plots showed that the biomass curve lay below the abundance curve, and the W‐statistic value was negative. The result of the BOPA index showed that two stations had moderate ecological status in spring and that there were two heavily polluted sites and one moderately polluted site in summer. The BIO‐ENV analyses indicated that the grain‐size fractions together with trace metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr) could be considered as the major environmental variables influencing the macrobenthic patterns. The results together demonstrated that the macrobenthic communities in Laizhou Bay were negatively affected, perhaps by the tremendous impact of heavy metals in the sediments.     

Late Quaternary (30.7–9.0 cal ka BP) vegetation history in Central Asia inferred from pollen records of Lake Balikun, northwest China

Surface and fossil pollen samples were collected to reconstruct the vegetation and environment since 30.7 cal ka BP in the Lake Balikun Basin, northwest China. This record demonstrates that the region was occupied by four vegetation communities during the interval 30.7–9.0 cal ka BP, including desert steppe (30.7–25.1 cal ka BP), Amaranthaceae-Asteraceae desert (25.1–17.7 cal ka BP), Amaranthaceae-Artemisia-Asteraceae desert (17.7–12.8 cal ka BP) and Amaranthaceae desert (12.8–9.0 cal ka BP), corresponding to relatively humid, the coldest and driest, cold and dry, and colder and drier conditions, respectively. The reconstructions of vegetation and environmental changes around Lake Balikun do not support the interpretation of an extremely humid LGM in Central Asia, challenging the cold-moist (glacial), warm-dry (interglacial) pattern of late Quaternary environmental change in Central Asia. The Last Glacial Maximum was cold and dry, and similarly harsh conditions continued into the early Holocene.     

Magnetic detection method for seabed cable in marine engineering surveying

The detection and identification of the seabed cable is becoming an important task in the marine engineering. The features of the magnetic anomaly can be used to detect the existence of the seabed cable. The magnetic field model is presented, and the consistency of the magnetic anomaly distribution between the simulation of the model and the observed data is verified. The comparison shows that the seabed cable can be effectively detected and identified with reasonable method.     

Recovery of bathymetry from altimeter data

At present, there exist two methods used to recover the bathymetry from altimeter data, i. e. the deterministic method and the stochastic method. In this paper, the principles of the two methods are introduced first. Then according to the theory of least-square collocation, a modified statistical model for recovering bathymetry from altimeter data is proposed. The new model has been used for computing the ocean depth in the South China Sea from altimeter-derived gravity anomalies. Finally the predicted depths are compared with the ship-borne depth. It shows that they agree with each other very well.     

Data fusion technique for multibeam echosoundings

On the basis of an analysis of the error sources in multibeam echosounding system, a data processing method for compensating systematic errors in multibeam survey is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of overall swath, a data fusion technique using single beam survey data as control information for single beam and multibeam echosounding is then presented. Some questions involved in solving the adjustment problem, such as its feasibility and the numerical stability, are discussed in detail, and a two-step adjustment method is suggested. Finally, a practical survey data set is used as a case study to prove the efficiency and reliability of the proposed methods.     

邯郸地区主要断裂库仑破裂应力模拟与地震危险性分析

首先基于粘弹性有限元模型,结合邯郸地区活动断裂探测、历史强震数据及区内岩石圈介质分布,建立三维粘弹性有限元断层模型;然后代入运动学特征边界条件,模拟目标区活动断裂上发生地震引起的应力应变场变化;最后计算1830年磁县地震引起的周围断裂面和滑动方向上产生的库仑破裂应力变化,分析未来目标区强震危险性。根据实际地质情况和现今运动学条件模拟出的模型结果显示,磁县断裂上1830年磁县地震震中附近库仑应力减小,表明磁县断裂活动减小了1830年磁县地震震中附近的地震危险性;但在磁县断裂中、西段两端与2条北东向断裂（紫山西断裂和太行山山前断裂）交接处附近库仑应力有所加强,未来该地区的地震危险性值得关注。