An Artificial Bee Colony-based Algorithm to Automatically Create Colour Schemes for Geovisualizations

Creating appropriate colour schemes is challenging for both novice and experienced cartographers. This paper introduces an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to automatically create various colour schemes. Colour scheme creation is treated as a constrained search problem in a continuous colour space. We considered the gamut of the target device and a series of cartographic rules, such as convention, discrimination, contrast, perceptual uniformity and brightness mirror, in the ABC algorithm and presented detailed initialization, fitness definition, local exploration, and global exploration methods for creating qualitative, sequential and diverging colour schemes. The proposed method is evaluated with a case study, and the results indicate that compared with the brute force search method, the proposed method can create satisfying colour schemes of similar quality but significantly improved efficiency.     

Study on “buoyancy-viscous force” of slurry-like soils

In newly completed hydraulic-fill dump sites, the water content of dredged slurry is usually more than two times of the liquid limit, objects can be stabilized after penetrating into dredged slurry for a certain depth. This property can be defined as the “buoyancy-viscous force” of slurry-like soils in this study. To investigate the mechanism of specific bearing capacity of slurry-like soils, the interaction between the penetrating objects and the slurry was observed. Based on the boundary layer theory of viscous fluid and the energy conservation principle, a theoretical model was established to calculate the “buoyancy-viscous force” of slurry-like soils, and then validated by load-controlled penetration tests in laboratory. It is indicated that the model prediction agreed with the experimental results very well when the water content is more than two times of the liquid limit.     

Large deformation finite element analysis of the installation of suction caisson in clay

The suction caisson (or called suction anchor) which is considered as a relatively new type of foundation of offshore structures, has been extensively studied and applied for offshore wind turbines and oil platforms. The installation of the suction caisson is of great importance in the design and construction because it can bring about several issues and further influence the performance of holding capacity in safety service. In this paper, large deformation finite element (FE) analyses are performed to model the installation of suction caisson (SC) by suction and jacking in normally consolidated clay. The penetration of the suction caisson is modeled using an axisymmetric FE approach with the help of the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation which can satisfactorily solve the large deformation problem. The undrained shear strength of the clay and elastic modulus are varied with depth of soil through the subroutine VUFIELD. The numerical results allow quantification of the penetration resistance and its dependence on the installation method. The centrifuge test and theoretical solution are used for the FE model validation. After the validation, the penetration resistance, the soil plug heave, and the caisson wall friction have been examined through the FE model. Based on the numerical results, it is shown that the ALE technique can simulate the entire suction caisson penetration without mesh distortion problem. The installation method can play an important role on the penetration resistance, namely, the suction installation reduces the penetration resistance significantly compared to the purely jacked installation. With a further study on the suction case, it is found that as the final applied suction pressure increases, the soil plug heave increases, while the penetration resistance reduces with increase of the final suction pressure. The effect of the friction of internal caisson walls has been also investigated and a conclusion is drawn that internal wall friction has a significant contribution to the penetration resistance and it can be implicitly represented by varying coefficient of internal wall friction. As for the penetration resistance, both jacked and suction installation have great dependency on the internal wall friction.     

内蒙古典型草原与荒漠草原NDVI对气象因子的响应

分析了内蒙古典型草原与荒漠草原NDVI的变化,探讨了干旱对NDVI的影响,建立了NDVI与气象因子的回归模型。结果表明:2000-2016年内蒙古典型草原与荒漠草原NDVI呈现波动变化,变异较小。干旱对典型草原区的羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落与大针茅(Stipa grandis)群落NDVI影响显著(P<0.05);与正常年份相比,干旱导致羊草群落与大针茅群落NDVI降低约23%。5-8月降水量和干燥度指数影响内蒙古典型草原羊草群落与大针茅群落NDVI;荒漠草原区羊草+短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)群落与沙生针茅(Stipa plareosa)群落NDVI的主要影响因子分别为年均气温与5-8月平均气温;5-8月降水量和年均气温是影响典型草原和荒漠草原NDVI的重要因子。基于气象因子的NDVI回归模型能够较好地对区域NDVI进行估测。生长季降水是影响典型草原NDVI的关键因素,而气温显著影响荒漠草原NDVI。在未来气候变化的背景下,内蒙古典型草原NDVI对干旱的响应会更加敏感。     

塔里木盆地盐生和干旱生境柽柳(Tamarix)凋落物分解特征

以塔里木盆地柽柳（Tamarix）凋落物为研究对象,应用凋落袋法,揭示其在盐生（H₁）和干旱（H₂）生境中分解差异性及主要制约因子。结果表明：（1）经720 d分解,H₁、H₂生境中柽柳凋落物残留率分别为83.50%、53.73%,两种生境下凋落物残留率差异极显著（P < 0.01）。（2）在H₁、H₂生境中,柽柳凋落物分解系数分别为0.082、0.320,分解50%所需时间分别为9.40、2.17 a,分解95%所需时间分别为40.62、9.36 a。（3） C元素在H₁中富集-释放交替进行,在H₂中为单一的富集-释放;N元素在H₁中表现出累积-释放交替模式,在H₂中表现出相反的变化趋势;P元素在0~360 d分解时间段均呈逐渐释放过程,而在第360~720 d,H₁呈逐渐累积过程,H₂呈累积-释放模式。木质素呈现逐渐释放模式,纤维素释放模式富集-释放交替进行。经720 d分解,C、N、P、木质素、纤维素残留率在两种生境中均存在极显著差异（P < 0.01）。（4）微生境变化对凋落物分解制约因素并不相同,盐生生境下土壤Na⁺含量是制约凋落物分解的主要因子,而干旱生境下残留量、土壤Mg²⁺、凋落物全磷含量起主导作用。     

Optimization and Field Application of CO2 Gas Fracturing Technique for Enhancing CBM Extraction

Since most coalfields in China are commonly characterized by high gas content and low permeability, there is an urgent need to improve coal seam permeability and further enhance coal bed methane (CBM) extraction efficiency. As an emerging fracturing technology, the CO₂ gas fracturing (CGF) technology has been widely used because of its advantages of low cost, environmental protection and high fragmentation efficiency. In order to improve the fracturing ability of CGF technique and optimize the release orifices of discharge head, computational fluid dynamics model was used in this paper to simulate the flow fields of dynamic pressure of gas jet released from the orifices with different structures and other geometrical parameters. The results show that the orifice structure has a great influence on the flow field of gas jet, but little influence on the magnitude of the dynamic pressure. Besides, the maximum dynamic pressure of gas jet linearly decreases with the increase in the number of release orifices. Based on a series of simulation results, the discharge head which has single group of orifices with structure c, diameter of 24 mm can be identified as the best choice for fieldwork. Then, two field experiments were conducted in Pingdingshan and Changping coal mines to evaluate the enhanced CBM extraction efficiency by CGF. The results indicate that the CGF can effectively create a large number of cracks in a large range around the fracturing borehole in the coal seam and further significantly improve the permeability. And the CBM extraction efficiency can be improved to a higher level from a lower level and maintained for a long time. Besides, the effective influence radii caused by CGF in Pingdingshan and Changping coal mines are 15.19 m and 12.5 m, respectively. Compared with other fracturing techniques, the CGF technique has a promising application prospect.

     

山东省湿地类型及湿地环境地质问题分析

山东省湿地资源丰富,可分为自然湿地和人工湿地2类,自然湿地包括湖泊、海岸、沼泽、河口湾湿地,人工湿地主要为水稻田、水库、池塘湿地等,湿地面积约为1．71万km^2。该文分析研究了山东省的湿地环境地质问题,并提出了工程措施和非工程措施2种防治措施。     

莱芜市扎实推进工业用地招拍挂

2006年8月31日《国务院关于加强土地调控有关问题的通知》（国发[2006]31号）规定：自2007年1月1日起工业用地必须采用招标拍卖挂牌方式出让,其出让底价和成交价格均不得低于所在地土地等级相对应的最低价标准。莱芜市是一个钢铁生产深加工的新兴工业城市,这一制度的制定和实施必将对莱芜市工业用地产生重大影响,     

肥城市国土资源局扎实推进廉政建设

近年来,肥城市国土资源局严格贯彻落实省、市关于加强党风廉政建设工作的精神,始终把党风廉政建设工作作为重点来抓,按照“坚持标本兼治、源头预防为主”的方针,加强宣传教育,建立预防机制,强化监督管理,加大从源头上防治腐败的力度,在抓细、抓实、抓具体上狠下功夫,党风廉政建设工作取得了明显的效果,促进了国土资源事业的健康发展。     

城市软土地基组合锤法强夯施工振动效应研究

为研究组合锤法强夯振动对周边场地环境的影响,对南昌市某软土地基进行现场原位试验.考虑距强夯点的距离、振动方向及锤击次数的影响,在各监测点分别布置水平东西、南北向和竖向振动传感器.结果表明:采用组合锤法进行地基强夯施工时,场地竖向振动是需重点监测的内容,振动响应随监测点与强夯点距离的增大而减小;距强夯点50 m范围处地面...