渤海海域软土层土对地震动参数的影响研究

渤海海域软土层土对场地设计地震动参数取值具有显著影响。选取渤海中部钻孔剖面作为计算场地模型基础,分别构建软土和硬土场地模型,并通过改变软土层厚度,构造新的场地模型。采用等效线性化方法（EL法）和非线性计算方法（NL法）分别对场地模型进行地震反应分析,分析了海底软土层土对地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明：海底软土层土对地震动峰值加速度的影响显著,随着地震动输入增加,软土层放大效应减弱,减震作用逐渐增强;EL法中,软土层土对基岩反应谱的高频部分具有明显滤波作用,而NL法中,滤波作用较弱,海底面反应谱随地震动输入的增大先放大后减小;软土层土会降低设计地震动地震最大影响系数,增大特征周期。对于海域工程,特别是深基础工程抗震设计地震动参数的确定,从保守角度考虑,建立场地模型时建议删除软土层。     

MODIS数据在新疆生态环境建设中的应用

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所利用MODIS卫星接收站接收的MODIS数据进行了艾比湖湖水水面动态监测，并连续监测了湖面西北107km^2裸露湖底的水而恢复情况，佐证了覆盖该裸露区所需的理论入湖水量。结合塔里木河应急生态放水工程，利用归一化植被指数提取结果进行了生态放水引起的植被恢复状况监测，利用连续MODIS数据进行了台特玛湖水面变化的监测，证实了应急输水的生态保护效果是十分显著的。显示了中尺度分辨率MODIS数据在新疆生态环境建设中具有很强的应用前景。     

新疆昌吉喀拉扎山U形谷的发现及其古气候意义

笔者等在新疆乌鲁木齐西南40 km的喀拉扎山脊北侧发现十几条并排分布的U形谷,而U形谷之间以刃脊相隔。这些U形谷发育在上侏罗统巨厚层长石砂岩露头表面,据其形态和分布特征属于冰川悬谷。这个发现揭示了喀拉扎山脊以南曾经发育过海拔2000 m的冰帽,而冰帽的发育时间为更新世,更可能是晚更新世。中国西北尚无第四纪冰帽的报道,本文的发现为中国西北地区第四纪冰川和古气候研究提供了新的材料。由于新疆比青藏高原海拔低、更加干旱,新疆U形谷的发现也为青藏高原更新世大冰盖的存在提供了新的佐证材料。     

地勘单位用人问题管窥

针对某些地勘单位干部选拔及用人过程中存在的任人唯亲等不正之风问题,从“考察失真、关系利益、任用随意、责任层次不清”四个方面进行了根源剖析,并着重在“强化责任意识、严格考察程序、规范领导行为、完善监督机制”等方面提出了整改措施。     

山西地震台网地震预警时间及盲区半径分析

影响地震预警能力的关键技术指标是预警时间及预警盲区。通过分析山西地震台网勘选完成的1 101个预警台站布局,计算地震台站平均台间距,根据预警盲区半径与台间距关系式得出盲区半径。根据计算结果及相关分布图,分析认为,在预警区内,平均台间距及盲区半径分布与地震活动的相关性较高,勘选完成的地震预警台站布局比较合理。     

Large-scale seafloor stability evaluation of the northern continental slope of South China Sea

Abstract

With the continuous expansion of energy demand, the deep-water continental slope in the northern South China Sea has become one of the significant offshore oil and gas exploration regions. The frequent occurrence of marine geological hazards in this region, especially submarine landslides, can cause serious damage to engineering facilities. However, there have been few studies on the stability of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea; these studies mainly focused on a specific submarine slope or small-range evaluation, resulting in a lack of large-scale and quantitative understanding. Hence, considering the variation in the physical and mechanical properties of marine soils with depth, formulas for calculating the safety factor of submarine slopes by an infinite sliding model are established, and the factors affecting slope stability such as soil properties, slope gradient and horizontal seismic action are systematically investigated. Using GIS techniques, the terrain slope gradients and a historical seismic database of the northern South China Sea are obtained. Combined with soil mechanical parameters, a regional stability evaluation of the northern continental slope is carried out. Furthermore, the distribution of risk zones is given. On the whole, under strong seismic action, large-scale submarine slope instability occurs and must be highly considered when assessing risk. This achievement is of great significance to engineering sites, route selection and engineering risk assessment.     

巧用质量控制软件实施数据补救

介绍了在自动站数据出现缺测时,通过质量控制软件进行数据导入操作的方法,及时有效地补全缺测时段的正点和分钟数据文件,来保证自动站记录的准确和完整。     

Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of fluids in the Niutuozhen geothermal field,North China

Niutuozhen geothermal field is located in the Jizhong graben, belonging to the northern part of Bohai Bay Basin in North China. Chemical and isotopic analyses were carried out on 14 samples of the geothermal fluids discharged from Neogene Minghuazhen (Nm), Guantao (Ng), and Jixianian Wumishan (Jxw) formations. The δ²H and δ¹⁸O in water, δ¹³C in CH₄, δ¹³C in CO₂, and ³He/⁴He ratio in the gases were analyzed in combination with chemical analyses on the fluids in the Niutuozhen geothermal field. The chemical and isotopic compositions indicate a meteoric origin of the thermal waters. The reservoir temperatures estimated by chemical geothermometry are in the range between 60 and 108 °C. The results show that the gases are made up mainly by N₂ (18.20–97.42 vol%), CH₄ (0.02–60.95 vol%), and CO₂ (0.17–25.14 vol%), with relatively high He composition (up to 0.52 vol%). The chemical and isotopic compositions of the gas samples suggest the meteoric origin of N₂, predominant crustal origins of CH₄, CO₂, and He. The mantle-derived He contributions are calculated to be from 5 to 8% based on a crust–mantle binary mixing model. The deep temperatures in the Jxw reservoir were evaluated based on gas isotope geothermometry to be in the range from 141 to 165 °C. The mantle-derived heat fraction in the surface heat flow is estimated to be in the range of 48–51% based on ³He/⁴He ratios.     

城市地籍测量中GPS技术的应用研究

GPS新技术的出现,可以高精度地测定地物点的坐标。特别是应用RTK新技术,依据一定数量的基准控制点,便可以高精度并快速地测定界址点及地物点的坐标。本文尝试利用GPS技术在城市地籍测量方面的应用做一些探讨。