布尔莎七参数转换模型在矿业权核查中的应用

利用布尔莎七参数转换模型对全国矿业权实地核查中的北京54坐标系和西安80坐标系间坐标的转换进行了实例演算。介绍了布尔莎七参数转换函数模型、坐标转换方法及公共点的选取和精度评定。     

兴蒙造山带东段大陆弧后A型花岗岩特征与成因

提要：兴蒙造山带贺根山－黑河一线产出有大量晚古生代Ａ型花岗岩,其成因及形成环境一直存在争议。贺根山-黑河A型花岗岩带形成于晚石炭世-二叠纪（325～260Ma）,二叠纪进入岩浆作用高峰期。该花岗岩带主要表现为准铝质-弱过铝质（A/CNK=0.89～1.13）高钾钙碱性系列;高度富集LREE,Eu负异常明显;微量元素表现为富集Th、Pb和La元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Ce、P和Ti元素。研究表明晚石炭世—二叠纪古亚洲洋正处于向西伯利亚板块俯冲阶段,贺根山-黑河Ａ型花岗岩带应该形成于该俯冲带的弧后伸展环境。俯冲导致的软流圈上涌形成弧后的伸展环境,同时为大规模高温岩浆形成提供了热源,以及部分物源,这种壳－幔混合岩浆在深部结晶分异后沿弧后伸展断裂体系快速侵位是该花岗岩带形成的原因。     

东北地震区小震资料完整性分析及其对地震活动性参数的影响研究

以东北地震区为例,基于G-R关系的震级·频度分布原理,研究了东北地震区最小完整性震级MC的时间分布特征和各时段的空间分布特征,统计了研究区内的地震活动性参数,探讨了小震资料完整性分析对地震活动性参数和地震危险性计算结果的影响.研究表明,对区域小震资料进行完整性分析,可以在低水平地震活动地区获得较准确的地震活动性参数,更好地反映了该区未来的地震活动趋势.本文的研究方法和结论可供地震资料完整性分析和地震活动性分析时参考.     

河北平原地震带的现今活动性分析

根据近41年的现代地震资料,利用地震活动性参数组合、b值空间分布、断裂带分段,并结合历史强震构造背景的综合分析方法,分析河北平原地震带各分段现今地震活动习性和地震危险性.研究结果表明：河北平原地震带存在7个具有不同现今活动习性的分段,其中,唐山—迁安段和东明—阳谷段处于低b值、高应力状态,属于大震后晚期余震活跃或断层震后调整运动结果;昌平—宝坻、天津—肃宁段、新河段、邯郸—磁县及汤西段断层面现今活动习性均处于相对低应力下的频繁或稀疏小震滑动.因此,河北平原地震带未来短期内发生强震的可能性较小.     

Experimental study on the viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry

The rheological properties of most liquid in nature are between liquids and solids,including both elastic changes and viscosity changes,that is socalled "viscoelastic".Dynamic oscillatory test was used to quantitatively study the distinct viscoelastic behaviors of debris flow slurry in the shear stress conditions for the first time in this study.The debris flow slurry samples were from Jiangjiagou Ravine,Yunnan Province,China.The experimental results were found that at the low and middle stages of shearing,when the angular velocity ω<72.46 s-1,the loss modulus(G") was greater than the storage modulus(G’),i.e.G">G’.At the late stage of shearing,when the angular velocity ω≧72.46 s-1,the storage modulus was greater than or equal to the loss modulus,i.e.G’≧G",tanδ≦1(where phase-shift angleδ=G"/G’),and the debris flow slurry was in a gel state.Therefore,the progress of this experimental study further reveals the mechanism of hyperconcentrated debris flows with a high velocity on low-gradient ravines.     

一次带有雷电现象的冬季雪暴中尺度探测分析

对2009年11月9日北京市一次伴随雷电的局地暴雪过程的中小尺度特征进行了分析。采用了风廓线雷达资料、微波辐射计资料、自动气象站资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和卫星资料,对此次降雪的精细时空结构进行了分析,通过天气尺度及中小尺度分析,探讨了冬季对流产生的原因。结果表明:此次过程为华北回流天气过程,西南暖湿空气在低层冷空气之上产生高架对流和雷电天气,对流的触发机制是中空扰动。     

Regional-scale winter-spring temperature variability and chilling damage dynamics over the past two centuries in southeastern China

Winter-spring cold extreme is a kind of serious natural disaster for southeastern China. As such events are recorded in discrete documents, long and continuous records are required to understand their characteristics and driving forces. Here we report a regional-scale winter-spring (January–April) temperature reconstruction based on a tree-ring network of pine trees (Pinus massoniana) from five sampling sites over a large spatial scale (25–29°N, 111–115°E) in southeastern China. The regional tree-ring chronology explains 48.6% of the instrumental temperature variance during the period 1957–2008. The reconstruction shows six relatively warm intervals (i.e., ~1849–1855, ~1871–1888, ~1909–1920, ~1939–1944, ~1958–1968, 1997–2007) and five cold intervals (i.e., ~1860–1870, ~1893–1908, ~1925–1934, ~1945–1957, ~1982–1996) during 1849–2008. The last decade and the 1930s were the warmest and coldest decades, respectively, in the past 160 years. The composite analysis of 500-hPa geopotential height fields reveals that distinctly different circulation patterns occurred in the instrumental and pre-instrumental periods. The winter-spring cold extremes in southeastern China are associated with Ural-High ridge pattern for the instrumental period (1957–2008), whereas the cold extremes in pre-instrumental period (1871–1956) are associated with North circulation pattern.     

姚江-宁波平原中全新世海侵事件及古人类活动的快速响应

姚江-宁波平原是新石器河姆渡文化核心分布区,大量考古与古环境研究成果为深入探讨本地区7000年来的人地关系,尤其是新石器遗址文化间歇事件的原因创造了有利条件。本文通过对鱼山遗址地层记录的详细研究以及与区域多个遗址地层的空间对比,并对照该区自河姆渡文化一期以来古人类遗址的时空迁移过程,总结新石器文化演进中的海侵事件,并分析其与文化间歇的内在联系,初步认识如下:1)鱼山遗址从山麓到平原,地层记录存在明显差别,因此需要在不同的古地理位置获取剖面进行对比,才能重建更完整的古环境演变过程。2)鱼山遗址记录了2次海水入侵事件,分别发生于6300~6000cal.aB.P.和4500~3400cal.aB.P.,这两次事件与区内其他遗址文化层堆积中普遍叠压的自然淤积层或文化层缺失现象具有良好对应关系;研究区另有部分遗址在5400~5300cal.aB.P.也存在海水入侵迹象。3)新石器遗址时空分布呈现阶段性变化,河姆渡文化一、二期,遗址数量少,增幅小,主要分布于山麓缓坡地带,反映海水入侵造成研究区土地资源的局限性。河姆渡文化三、四期的遗址数量显著增加,且向开阔平原地带扩散,表明较稳定的海平面使研究区平原成陆面积增大,古人类对海岸带的利用快速扩张。良渚末期,遗址大幅度减少,直至商周才重新增多,反映持续的海水入侵制约古人类活动强度。上述遗址时空迁移特征反映海岸带古人类活动对环境变化的快速响应。     

北京平原区南部PGZ01孔第四纪地层划分及其环境意义*

对北京平原区南部大兴榆垡镇420m 深的PGZ01孔岩心进行了岩石地层、磁性地层、¹⁴C测年、介形类组合和孢粉组合研究。结果表明:(1)Matuyama(松山)/Gauss(高斯)和Brunhes(布容)/Matuyama(松山)极性界线分别位于280m和78.35m处,钻孔底部已经进入Gauss正极性带;取280m处Matuyama/Gauss极性界线作为第四系下限,显示可能的永定河泥石流-冲积扇在第四纪之前即到达了北京平原南部,但是华北平原上新统标志岩石地层单元--厚层棕红色黏土在Olduvai(奥尔都维)极性亚带之上即已出现。(2)结合AMS¹⁴C测年,尝试将约60m以上地层的氧化-还原状况,与对古季风影响反映灵敏的沿海平原钻孔同样深度地层进行对比,继而确定上更新统和全新统的底界深度分别位于56.60m和18.95m。(3)MIS5(海洋同位素阶段)以来的特征沉积物,与沿海平原钻孔地层有很好的可比性,同时也有8~4ka期间史前大洪水的影响。本研究为廊(坊)固(安)凹陷西北边缘区第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化、活动断裂以及区域差异构造沉降研究,提供了重要的年代地层格架,对理解晚更新世以来古季风变化的环境效应有重要的启迪。     

Shipborne Over- and Under-Water Integrated Mobile Mapping System and Its Seamless Integration of Point Clouds

ABSTRACT

The rapid acquisition techniques of over- and under-water geoinformation is urgently needed. The Shipborne Over- and Under-water integrated Mobile Mapping System (SiOUMMS) applies plug-in and multi-process network technology to achieve integrated data acquisition and cooperative control of multi-sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit, laser scanner, and multi-beam echo sounder. The proposed system can meet the requirements of diverse application scenarios and sensors, allowing for flexibility and scalability. Meanwhile, coarse calibration based on a set of common points and fine calibration using the plane feature constraint are proposed for integratedly obtaining the exterior orientation elements of the laser scanner and the multi-beam echo sounder. Together, these methods provide theoretical support and technical help to the seamless integration of over- and under-water point clouds. Experiments are also described, proving that the root mean square error of over-water point clouds is 0.133 m, the average elevation clearance spacing between adjacent over- and under-water point clouds is less than 0.3 m, and the average horizontal clearance spacing is less than 0.2 m. At the same time, cases in this paper show that SiOUMMS has made important achievements in the integrated measurement of reefs, coastal zone, and inland waterways, and has broad prospects for future applications.