广州市排水管道检测结果分析及修复技术选择

为确定适合广州市地下排水管道的修复方法,对广州老城区近100kin2地区进行调查。调查采用管道潜望镜（Quick View,QV）、管道闭路电视（closed—Circuit Television,CCTV）、管道声纳（Sonar）进行综合探测,结果表明,调查区域内的地下排水管道存在的主要问题是破损断裂、错位、路基下沉、管道淤塞现象,其中小直径管道的损坏情况较为严重,尤其是300mm的管道将近报废。针对地下排水管道的调查情况,结合现有修复技术的特点,经过对修复成本及施工的难易性的研究讨论,得出适合多种管道和缺陷类型的翻转内衬法（Cured In Place Pipe,CIPP）和施工要求相对简单的U型折叠法（U-fold）满足要求,并能够产生较高经济社会效益。     

Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in shallow groundwater by hydrogeochemical indicators and C, S-isotopes

Biodegradation is one of the main natural attenuation processes in groundwater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. In this work, preliminary studies have been carried out by analyzing the concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dominant terminal electron accepters or donors, as well as δ ¹³C_DIC and δ ³⁴S_SO4, to reveal the biodegradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons in a contaminated site. The results show that along groundwater flow in the central line of the plume, the concentrations of electron acceptors, pH, and E _h increased but TPH and DIC decreased. The δ ¹³C_DIC values of the contaminated groundwater were in the range of ?14.02 to ?22.28 ‰_PDB and ?7.71 to 8.36 ‰_PDB, which reflected a significant depletion and enrichment of ¹³C, respectively. The increase of DIC is believed to result from the non-methanogenic and methanogenic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in groundwater. Meanwhile, from the contaminated source to the downgradient of the plume, the ³⁴S in the contaminated groundwater became more depleted. The Rayleigh model calculation confirmed the occurrence of bacterial sulfate reduction as a biodegradation pathway of the petroleum hydrocarbon in the contaminated aquifers. It was concluded that stable isotope measurements, combined with other biogeochemical measurements, can be a useful tool to prove the occurrence of the biodegradation process and to identify the dominant terminal electron-accepting process in contaminated aquifers.     

结构抗震可靠度二种简化解析表达式的一致性证明

结构抗震可靠度分析的解析求解一直是结构可靠度领域和地震工程领域研究者们的追求目标.解析表达式不仅有利于简化结构抗震可靠度分析这个极端困难的工作,而且也有利于进行基于可靠度的结构概率抗震性能设计与评定.从全概率定理的两种不同表达式出发,介绍了国际上流行的两种结构抗震可靠度解析表达式,过去一直认为这是两种理论基础不同的表达式.本文通过对地震易损性函数关系的解析推导,揭示了若干重要关系,证明了两种表达式的一致性.     

攀枝花太阳能资源评价

为了有效地开发和利用攀枝花太阳能资源,本文在广泛搜集国内相关地区太阳辐射资料的基础上,整理了攀枝花几十年的太阳能相关气象数据,通过天文辐射量、日照百分率、经纬度、水汽压等因子建立相关辐射量计算模式,系统地分析和研究了攀枝花地区太阳能辐射量的主要分布特征和优势,对大力开发利用攀枝花太阳能资源提供了科学依据,并就如何发展特色农业和旅游业等综合开发利用方面提出了具体可行的对策建议。      

基于自组织理论的旅游产业结构协调发展研究

旅游产业结构是一个不断发展的动态系统结构,旅游产业各部门的协调发展对地区旅游业的健康发展具有重大意义。文章将自组织理论引入到旅游产业结构研究中,分析了旅游产业结构系统的自组织性,构建以实现产业结构协调发展为目标的旅游产业自组织理论,探讨实现旅游产业结构自组织的途径,最终目标是建立以旅游业的食、住、行、游、购、娱等部门组成的耗散结构,进而实现旅游产业结构协调发展。     

FPSO甲板上浪研究现状

浮式生产储油轮（FPSO）是当今海洋石油开发的主流设施。FPSO通常采用单点系泊系统,船首暴露在波浪作用下,定位于特定海域进行长达数年的长期作业,上浪的风险很大。甲板上浪及其产生的载荷已是当前国际FPSO工程和研究领域的热点之一。介绍了国内外在试验研究和理论研究两方面对FPSO甲板上浪研究的进展情况,并建议我国开展这方面的研究。     

莒县长岭镇整合矿产资源促进矿业经济可持续发展

日照市莒县长岭镇走规模化、集约化经营之路,使该镇一度陷入低谷的砖瓦产业重新焕发生机,一度外流的投资业户重新归来。截至目前,全镇砖瓦厂已发展到30余处,形成年消耗页岩粘土60万m3,年产砖瓦4.2亿片(块)的生产能力。产品畅销省内外,甚至国外,年产值过亿元,仅此一项税收就占全     

可解释性长短期记忆模型用于预测湖泊总磷浓度变化

对湖泊总磷的变化预测和来源识别对水资源调度和流域生态治理有着重要的意义,然而复杂的生化反应和水动力条件导致的非平稳性给湖泊总磷浓度的准确预测带来极大的困难。为克服这一挑战,本文引入了基于加权回归的季节趋势分解(seasonal and trend decomposition using Loess,STL)技术和夏普利加法(SHapley additive exPlanations,SHAP)结合长短期记忆网络(long short-term memory neural network,LSTM)和门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)构建了一个可解释的预测框架,以增强对湖泊总磷浓度演变的预测并提高其可解释性。研究表明:(1)在骆马湖总磷浓度的预测中,该框架拥有较好的预报精度(R²=0.878),优于LSTM和卷积长短期记忆模型(convolutional neural networks and long short term memory network,CNN-LSTM)。当预测时间步长增加到8 h时,该框架有效提高了总磷浓度的预测精度,平均相对误差和均方根误差分别降低了47.1%和33.3%。从预测趋势来看,骆马湖在汛期的总磷平均浓度为0.158 mg/L,相较于非汛期的平均浓度,增加了202.1%。(2)运河来水是骆马湖总磷浓度最重要的影响因素,贡献权重为60.0%,并且不同断面(三湾、三场)的污染源受水动力、气象等因素的影响存在显著的时空差异。本文凸显了神经网络模型在预警水体污染方面的可实施性,并且为提高传统神经网络的学习能力和可解释性的开发与验证提供了重要方向。     

山东省地下水资源变化分析

地下水是山东省重要的水资源，对全省经济社会发展起到举足轻重的作用。20年来，由于水资源的外部环境发生了较大变化，导致地下水资源相应发生了很大变化；同时随着对地下水变化规律的进一步认识，评价方法的不断完善，也可在一定程度上表现出地下水资源的变化。通过对山东省第一、二次地下水资源评价中主要因素及评价成果的对比分析，对山东省地下水资源的变化进行了分析，为山东省地下水的合理开发利用提供依据。     

Release of heavy metals during weathering of the Lower Cambrian Black Shales in western Hunan,China

Weathering of heavy metal enriched black shales may be one of the most important sources of environmental contamination in areas where black shales are distributed. Heavy metal release during weathering of the Lower Cambrian Black Shales (LCBS) in western Hunan, China, was investigated using traditional geochemical methods and the ICP-MS analytical technique. Concentrations of 16 heavy metals, 8 trace elements and P were measured for samples from selected weathering profiles at the Taiping vanadium ore mine (TP), the Matian phosphorous ore mine (MT), and Taojiang stone-coal mine (TJ). The results show that the bedrock at these three profiles is enriched with Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, U, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, and P. Based on mass-balance calculation, the percentages of heavy metals released (in % loss) relative to immobile element Nb were estimated. The results show significant rates of release during weathering of: V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, U, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Tl for the TP profile; Sc, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Th, Cd, and Sn for the MT profile; and Sc, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Th, Cd, Sn, and Tl for the TJ profile. Among these heavy metals, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Sn show very similar features of release from each of the three weathering profiles. The heavy metals released during weathering may affect the environment (especially topsoil and surface waters) and are possibly related to an observed high incidence of endemic diseases in the area.