Nutrient fluxes induced by disturbance in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

A wave flume experiment was conducted to study nutrient fluxes at water-sediment interface of Meiliang Bay under different hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that hydrodynamics has remarkable effects on nutrient fluxes in this area. With a bottom wave stress of 0.019 N m^?2 (equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 5–7 m s^?1 at the sediment sample site of Meiliang Bay), the fluxes of TN, TDN and NH₄ ⁺-N were separately 1.92 × 10^?3, ?1.81 × 10^?4 and 5.28 × 10^?4 mg m^?2 s^?1 (positive for upward and negative for downward), but for TP, TDP and SRP, the fluxes were 5.69 × 10^?4, 1.68 × 10^?4 and ?1.29 × 10^?4 mg m^?2 s^?1. In order to calculate the released amount of nutrients based on these results, statistic analysis on the long-term meteorological data was conducted. The result shows that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 5–7 m s^?1 in this area is about 15 h in summer. Further calculation shows that 111 t TN, 32 t NH₄ ⁺-N, 34 t TP and 10 t TDP can be released into water (the sediment area was 47.45% of the whole surface area), resulting in concentration increase of 0.025, 0.007, 0.007 and 0.002 mg L^?1 separately. With stronger disturbance (bottom wave stress is 0.217 N m^?2 which is equivalent to disturbance caused by wind SE 10–11 m s^?1 at the same site), there has been significant increase of nutrient fluxes (1.16 × 10^?2, 6.76 × 10^?3, 1.14 × 10^?2 and 2.14 × 10^?3 mg m^?2 s^?1 for TN, DTN and NH₄ ⁺-N and TP). The exceptions were TDP with flux having a decrease (measured to be 9.54 × 10^?5 mg m^?2 s^?1) and SRP with flux having a small increase (measured to be 5.42 × 10^?5 mg m^?2 s^?1). The same statistic analysis on meteorological data reveal that the maximum lasting time for wind SE 10–11 m s^?1 is no more than 5 h. Based on the nutrient fluxes and the wind lasting-time, similar calculations were also made suggesting that 232 t TN, 134.9 t TDN, 228 t NH₄ ⁺-N, 42.7 t TP, 2.0 t TDP and 1.1 t SRP will be released from sediment at this hydrodynamic condition resulting in the concentration increases of 0.050, 0.029, 0.049, 0.009, 0.0004 and 0.0002 mg L^?1. Therefore in shallow lakes, surface disturbance can lead to significant increase of nutrient concentrations although some components in water column had negative flux with weak disturbance (e.g. TDN and SRP in this experiment). In this case, sediment looks to be a source of nutrients. These nutrients deposited in sediment can be carried or released into water with sediment resuspension or changes of environmental conditions at water-sediment interface, which can have great effects on aquatic ecosystem and is also the characteristics of shallow lakes.     

用于地震数值模拟研究的数据库及应用平台

数值模拟已经渗透到地震学研究的各个重大领域,随着信息时代数字技术的高速发展,充分利用数字信息资源,开展多学科的综合研究已成为地震学研究发展的趋势.利用数值模拟的手段,将多学科的观测资料、实验结果和理论分析有机地结合起来,将会极大地开拓解决重大地震学问题的能力,必将推动对危害人类的强地震的预测预报从经验性向物理的、数字的预报转变.该平台提供面波频散信息,中国及邻区三维速度模型,中国大陆震源机制解,断层构造,地震波形,地震目录,地震台站,以及仪器响应信息等丰富的地震学基础数据和研究成果,可以利用这些信息构建比较合理的地球模型和尽可能多的约束条件,并进行地壳形变和地震过程的数值模拟;可以在该应用平台开展地球介质各向异性分析,面波层析成像,面波偏振分析,面波时频分析,以及射线追踪等与地球内部结构有关的研究.同时,这也是一个交流平台,研究人员可以利用该平台发布自己的研究成果与同行交流.     

Logging Data High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy

INTRODUCTIONOutcrop,core ,and logging data sequence stra-tigraphy began in the early 1980s . The developmentis founded on the use of petrogeological informationto verify seismic sequence stratigraphy (Van Wagon-er et al .,1990 ,1988 ; Posamentier and Vail ,1988 ;Vail , 1987) . Research has continued to progress ,and outcrop, core , and logging data have advancedresearch methods in sequence stratigraphy . Thisstudy presents“logging data high-resolution sequencestratigraphy”, whichis ba…     

空间数据发布的设计与实现

本文从WebGIS系统设计的角度出发，针对现在空间数据发布与共享存在的问题设计了一套空间数据发布与提取系统。该系统是基于ArcIMS平台，采用浏览器／服务器模式，利用ASP＋ADO技术、JavaScript及ArcXML，实现了元数据检索、用户权限管理、地图发布向导、地图显示、地图操作、图元查询、地网要素提取、地图空间数据索引、图例／图层管理等九个主要功能模块。文章论述了该系统的建立过程和设计与实现的技术途径，并对其发展前景做出了展望。     

NO.7信令在南阳12121气象声讯系统上的应用

介绍了NO.7信令在12121气象声讯系统上的调试、应用情况,并通过实例分析了7号信令语音卡上OPC、DPC、时隙、CIC等参数设置规则及操作步骤.     

NCAR RegCM2对1991年夏季江淮流域异常降水事件中关键物理过程的模拟能力检验

选取1991年夏季江淮流域发生的持续性特大暴雨洪涝个例,利用NCAR第二代区域气候模式RegCM2对逐日降水过程及其关键物理因子进行了数值模拟.模式的侧边界条件由ECMWF的大尺度分析资料提供,模拟时间为1991年5-8月.模式范围包括东亚地区及相邻海域,水平分辨率为60 km×60 km,垂直方向为23层.试验结果显示,该模式能够合理地模拟出1991年夏季东亚地区的逐日降水过程,特别是在江淮流域发生的异常降水事件.对一些关键物理变量和过程时空结构的分析表明,大气垂直速度和水平散度的时间演变与江淮流域的5次降水事件一致;形成异常降水的水汽来源主要是大气的水平运动输送。西太平洋副热带高压控制着东亚夏季季风的进退,RegCM2能够模拟出西太平洋副高的南北位置移动。而且,模式能够较好地再现出对水汽输送至关重要的低空急流的逐日变化。     

中美大气化学联合考察实验结果的初步分析与比较

根据临安区域本底站观测资料分析结果得出,中国中纬度地区秋、冬季O₃及其前体物NO_x等浓度偏高,可以对农作物和地表生态系统产生影响.观测结果表明:近地层大气O₃浓度主要决定于地面总辐射量控制下的光化学反应过程;O₃的生成受到前体物NO_x的控制,但O₃与NO_x存在着明显的非线性关系.从PEM-WESTA和B的实验及1995年的观测资料表明,O₃的生成效率随着NO_x浓度的增大而减小.尽管O₃的生成速率秋季比冬季的大,但由于秋季较高的NO_x抑制了过氧基的生成,因此冬季O₃的累积量几乎可以和秋季相比拟.在临安观测的NMHC和NO_x的比值比国外同纬度地区测值要大.这说明在临安本底站O₃的光化学生成中,NMHC不是控制物种.从而提示我们,在这些季节临安O₃光化学产物能够被NO_x浓度所控制.中美大气化学联合考察(PEM-WEST-B)实验期间,台湾省的卡盯站SO₂的平均浓度为0.29ppb,O₃的平均浓度为42.2ppb,可以认为此值为低纬度海岛的本底值.1994年PEM-WEST-B实验期间临安站的观测资料和台湾省的卡盯站资料相比,临安站SO₂的浓度约为卡盯站SO₂浓度的50倍左右,从而可以看出人类活动对大气本底的显着影响.     

距平模式月际旱涝异常的诊断及预测试验

用地气耦合非定常距平模式对２４个夏季旱涝月个例进行了诊断和预测试验。结果表明,用这种动力与统计外部结合的ＭＯＳ方法进行旱涝预测比较简易可行,并且达到一定的准确率,便于在短期气候预报的业务中推广应用。     

偶极子移动的三种类型

用β平面准地转正压模式,实施了１８组积分时间为４至６个模式日的试验。从偏离偶极子解析解的流型启动,得到了偶极子移动的３种类型,即东进型、西进型和经向型。在一定的参数集合,在涡旋对总体上向外频散能量的同时,偶极子气旋涡旋的强度不但不随时间衰减,而且可以增强。     

昆明近300年的旱涝变化规律

应用昆明近３００年历史旱涝指数和近百年降雨观测资料,研究了旱涝历史气候演变、气候周期变化和年际变化的规律,探讨了厄尔尼诺、太阳黑子、大气环流因子对旱涝气候变化的影响。主要结果有：（１）昆明旱涝气候变化主要存在４０年和１１年的周期,４０年变化周期受厄尔尼诺变化周期影响,１１年变化周期受太阳黑子变化周期影响,厄尔尼诺和太阳黑子的周期变化是昆明旱涝周期变化和两大影响因子。（２）昆明降雨年际变化与大气环流