考虑海平面上升影响的极值水位计算

本研究基于非平稳序列极值理论,定量分析极端水位事件年超越概率受海平面上升的影响;以工程设计使用年限内极端水位发生概率作为控制条件,构建考虑海平面上升的极值水位计算方法;结合平均海平面的长期变化过程,推算海平面上升下的极值水位。基于全球10个验潮站历史水位观测资料,验证历史平均海平面长期变化与高、低水位耿贝尔分布位置参数变化的一致性以及构建方法的合理性。结合政府间气候变化专门委员会对海平面上升的预测,推算和对比分析不同海平面上升情景下的极值水位,并评估相应极值水位在当前极值分布中的重现期。     

一种潜艇装备作战能力比较研究方法

对潜艇装备作战能力评估问题进行了研究,发现运用定量评估方法的过程中存在指标评价所需数据无法完全获取的问题。结合美弗吉尼亚潜艇改进情况,分析了影响潜艇作战能力的一些关键因素,重点基于潜艇武器装载能力,对国外典型潜艇进行了作战能力比较分析,最后对分析结果进行了评价,并讨论了未来潜艇作战能力评估方法的发展方向。     

Stochastic Response Analysis of Piled Offshore Platform Excited by Stationary Filtered White Noise

In this paper,the analysis method of stochastic response of piled offshore platform excited bystationary filtered white noise is presented.With this method,the strong ground motion is considered asthree direction stationary filtered white noise process,the theoretic solutions of three special integrationequations are derived with the residue theorem,and the expression of response nodal displacements andmember forces of offshore platform excited by the stationary filtered white noise is put forward.Thestochastic response of a piled offshore platform excited by the stationary filtered white noise,which is lo-cated 114.3m in water depth,is computed.The results are compared with those obtained with the re-sponse spectrum analysis method and the stationary white noise model analysis method,and the corre-sponding conclusion is drawn.     

南海南部大陆架的残留沉积

研究了南海南部大陆架的残留沉积物的粒度、石英砂表面结构特征、生物分布等，并指出残留沉积普遍遭受改造。按其早期的形成环境差异和改造作用不同，划分出加里曼丹－巴拉望残留沉积区和亚南巴斯－纳土纳残留沉积区。     

High Precision Geoid Models HKGEOID-2000 for Hong Kong and SZGEOID-2000 for Shenzhen, China

High precision geoid models HKGEOID-2000 for Hong Kong and SZGEOID-2000 for Shenzhen, China, have been developed with a hybrid approach of so-called sequential processing, using high precision GPS/leveling data, land and sea gravity anomalies, and digital terrain models. These two local geoid models have the same 1-km resolution. The estimated accuracy (external accuracy) is better than 1.7 cm for HKGEOID-2000 and 1.4 cm for SZGEOID-2000. Some common areas are covered by HKGEOID-2000 and SZGEOID-2000. So these two geoid models, along with high quality GPS/leveling data collected on the overlapping areas, can be used to detect the systematic bias between HKGEOID-2000 and SZGEOID-2000, as well as the difference between Hong Kong Principal Datum and 1956 yellow sea height datum of China, yielding RMS errors of 1.011 m and 1,003 m, respectively. Moreover, HKGEOID-2000, along with GPS ellipsoidal heights, is employed to determine the errors of the “orthometric heights” from purely trigonometric heighting, yielding an RMS error of 0.102 m. The combination of SZGEOID-2000 and GPS ellipsoidal heights has been used to replace the traditional spirit leveling and mapping, called GPS mapping.     

The nonlinear hydrodynamic model for simulating a ship steering in waves with autopilot system

In the paper, a hydrodynamic numerical model including wave effect is developed to simulate ship autopilot systems by using the time domain analysis. The PD controller and the sliding mode controller are adopted as the autopilot systems. The differences of simulation results between two controllers are analyzed by cost function composed of heading angle error and rudder deflection, either in calm water or in waves. The results in calm water show that both controllers are tracking well for the desired route with the similar cost function value by tuning the key design parameters. However, the course tracking ability of the controller using sliding mode in waves is generally better even the cost function value is similar.     

秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中微塑料和重金属污染特征

基于密度分离原理,利用饱和NaCl溶液对秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中的微塑料进行了浮选和分离提取,采用显微红外光谱方法分析附着在滤膜上的微塑料颗粒形貌和材质。结合扫描电子显微镜−能谱仪(Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometer,SEM-EDS)对微塑料样品进行微观形貌观察及微区成分的分析。并采用地累积指数(Geo Accumulation Indexes,I_geo)和富集系数(Enrichment Factors,EF)分析砂质沉积物中重金属Hg、Cd和Pb污染水平和富集特点。分析砂质沉积物中烧失量(Loss on Ignition,LOI)、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)、总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)以及碳氮的稳定同位素组成(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N),探讨有机质的可能来源。结果表明：秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中有纤维类、发泡类、薄膜类3种微塑料,以纤维类的微塑料为主。微塑料表层富集有Si、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等元素。沉积物中Hg和Cd富集水平较高,Pb富集水平较低。沉积物TOC和TN含量较低,LOI为TOC的1.6倍,δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N和TOC/TN的数值范围均显示有机质以海洋浮游植物藻类等海源为主。     

甲醛对Nessler法和次氯酸酚盐法测定养殖水体总氨氮的影响

水体中含一定浓度的甲醛 ,用 Nessler法测得的总氨氮 (TAN)浓度远远高于实际浓度 ,差异百分数最高达 4 5 0 .0 6 % ;用次氯酸酚盐法测得的总氨氮 (TAN)浓度则明显低于实际浓度 ,差异百分数最高可达 84 .77%。甲醛浓度范围为 10～ 4 0 mg/ L、TAN浓度为 1～ 10 mg/ L,通过双因素有重复观察值的交叉实验 ,得到如下矫正式 :(1)用 Nessler法测 TAN时 ,Y=4 .0 5 2 9- 0 .0 72 4 x1+ 0 .2 0 6 4x2 ,标准误差为 1.3381;(2 )用次氯酸酚盐法测 TAN时 ,Y=0 .1196 + 0 .0 345 x1+ 1.0 0 2 2 x2 ,标准误差为 0 .4 6 2 7。 Y为 TAN实际浓度 (mg/ L) ,x1为甲醛浓度 (mg/ L) ,x2 为测得的 TAN浓度(mg/ L )。比较含氨氮水体与不含氨氮水体中的甲醛浓度 ,方差分析结果表明 ,没有显著差异。     

数据监控系统中监控软件的实现

本文主要介绍了国家海洋863计划中的818－01－04课题（上海海洋环境立体监测和信息服务系统）中的数据监控系统在编制中的设计思想和有关技术，数据监控系统是在广泛的对国内外的相关资料进行深入调研和学习后，根据本项目具体的要求，利用当今先进的系统设计理论和计算机软件地工程工技术进行系统功能的设计，并采用了依先的软件编程技术，完成了本课题中监控平台的制作，本系统软件主要是运用Delphi3,VC 5.0进行编制的，同时使用了SQLSVERVER6．5数据库管理系统进行后台输数据的存储管理，在数据的传输控制和数据处理过程中，系统还利用了远程数据文件传输技术FTP和互联网技术INTERNET以及拔号进行数据传输技术等，系统在近半年运动中，系统功能稳定，数据处理及时准确，同时通过了海洋863专家的鉴定，并得到同行业及用户的好评。     

钱塘江流域水资源对厄尔尼诺事件的响应

根据水资源对厄尔尼诺事件的响应，得出了钱塘江流域水资源的统计预报模式：（１）在春季型厄尔尼诺事件的当年和夏季型厄尔尼诺事件的次年，金华站年径流量的距平一般都大于零：（２）厄尔尼诺事件的结束时间若超过５月１日，那么次年金华站年径流量的距平一般都大于零；（３）厄尔尼诺事件的强度越大。对钱塘江流域水资源的影响也越大。这对该流域长期及超长期的水资源预报具有重要的指示作用。