Upscaling permeability for three-dimensional fractured porous rocks with the multiple boundary method

Upscaling permeability of grid blocks is crucial for groundwater models. A novel upscaling method for three-dimensional fractured porous rocks is presented. The objective of the study was to compare this method with the commonly used Oda upscaling method and the volume averaging method. First, the multiple boundary method and its computational framework were defined for three-dimensional stochastic fracture networks. Then, the different upscaling methods were compared for a set of rotated fractures, for tortuous fractures, and for two discrete fracture networks. The results computed by the multiple boundary method are comparable with those of the other two methods and fit best the analytical solution for a set of rotated fractures. The errors in flow rate of the equivalent fracture model decrease when using the multiple boundary method. Furthermore, the errors of the equivalent fracture models increase from well-connected fracture networks to poorly connected ones. Finally, the diagonal components of the equivalent permeability tensors tend to follow a normal or log-normal distribution for the well-connected fracture network model with infinite fracture size. By contrast, they exhibit a power-law distribution for the poorly connected fracture network with multiple scale fractures. The study demonstrates the accuracy and the flexibility of the multiple boundary upscaling concept. This makes it attractive for being incorporated into any existing flow-based upscaling procedures, which helps in reducing the uncertainty of groundwater models.     

QZSS/IRNSS对BDS在中国定位性能增强的评估

通过STK软件对BDS、QZSS、IRNSS卫星星座结构仿真的基础上,选择BDS、BDS/QZSS、BDS/IRNSS、BDS/QZSS/IRNSS、QZSS/IRNSS等定位方式对中国大陆单观测站与整体范围最小可见卫星数、GDOP值、定位误差进行覆盖分析,确定了QZSS与IRNSS在我国的覆盖范围及对BDS定位性能增强作用的评估。结果表明,BDS/QZSS/IRNSS组合在我国的最小可见卫星数可达16~21颗,GDOP值在1.4~1.7之间,定位误差达5.5~7.5m,相比单BDS定位最小可见卫星数增加了6~8颗,GDOP值减小了0.3~0.5,定位精度提升了2.0~3.0m,对华南地区的定位性能有明显提升,而对东北等地区定位性能的提升较小。     

中国对虾弧菌病的药物治疗研究

本文对中国对虾病原弧菌的药物敏感性和最低抑制浓度作了研究,结果表明,氯霉素,四环素,痢特灵和SMZ等药物是治疗成虾轻度弧菌病的有效药物。     

Contribution to the Global Warming Mitigation of Marshlands Conversion to Croplands in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

Based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration of the total conversion of marshlands (TMC), marshlands conversion to paddy fields (MCPFs) and marshlands conversion to uplands (MCULs), this study revealed the contribution to the global warming mitigation (CGWM) of paddy fields versus uplands converted from marshlands in the Sanjiang Plain (excluding the Muling‐Xingkai Plain on south of Wanda Mountain), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The results showed that the total area of MCPFs and MCULs was 504.23 × 10³ ha between 1982 and 2005. The CGWM per unit area was 45.53 t CO₂eq/ha for MCPFs and that was 23.95 t CO₂eq/ha for MCULs, with an obvious 47.40% reduction. The MCPFs and MCULs ecosystems acted as the carbon sink all of the year. As far as CGWM per unit area is concerned, MCPFs mitigated the greenhouse effect which was greater than MCULs. And it was effective that the implementation of the uplands transformed into paddy fields in Northeast China with regard to marshlands protection and croplands (including paddy fields and uplands) reclamation.     

测量仪器在高层建筑施工中的应用

本文论述了新型测量仪器在高层建筑施工测量中的使用情况,并对新型测量仪器的使用方法及测量精度进行了分析。     

Urban change detection related to earthquakes using an adaptive nonlinear mapping of high-resolution images

We propose a nonlinear mapping method for detecting geographical changes. In our system, two images photographed at different points of time are checked based on an iterative nonlinear mapping. The system automatically extracts feature changes of aerial imageries by computing distribution of the image matching score. We evaluate the change detection ability by using the receiver operating characteristic under misregistration cases, including rotational misalignments.     

强地震前地下流体趋势异常的再探讨

重新探讨了强地震前地下流体趋势异常,获得了一些认识：地下流体异常不一定存在完整的趋势、短期和短临等异常类型,但趋势异常普遍存在;地下流体特别是地下水位的趋势性异常,其开始时的形态不一定为缓慢变化;地下流体趋势异常不一定具有时空转移特征;地下流体趋势异常可能为“共同前兆”.     

湘西保靖县塘口湾水库岩溶渗漏分析

库区可能渗漏的岩溶形态,特别是岩溶负向形态的观测、钻孔和跨孔电磁波透视及CT层析成像揭示,库区的岩溶渗漏途径有所不同。根据控岩断裂的分布、岩溶发育强度和渗漏途径的变化特征,归纳为3种岩溶渗漏类型(方式): 断裂裂隙间溶裂系统(缝)渗漏,多发生在页岩与碳酸盐岩界面附近;小型溶隙(缝)孔洞渗漏,集中在500m 高程段上下;洞穴复合系统渗漏,主要在510m 高程上下。库区岩溶渗漏严重性由下而上增强。      

The Luzon Strait transport variations during 1997～2000

Based on the output data from 1997 to 2000 obtained by the MITgcm's (general circulation model) adjoint assimilation method, volume, heat and salt transports through the Luzon Strait are calculated. The results indicate that there are obvious different characteristics between 1997 and 1998～2000 on the transports through the Luzon Strait. During 1997, theLuzon Strait had a mean net westward transport of 3.93×10⁶ m³/s with a maximum transport of 7.34×10⁶ m³/s in October. During 1998～2000, the Luzon Strait possessed an annual mean eastward transport of 0.93×10⁶, 1.80×10⁶ and 1.00×10⁶ m³/s respectively with a maximum eastward transport of 4.10×10⁶/3.31×10⁶ m³/s in July 1998/1999 and 2.06×10⁶ m³/s in April 2000, respectively. Moreover, the transports in 1997 indicated a difference from the other years, i.e.,that the ranges of westward inflows expanded more obviously to north of the Luzon Strait and downwards exceedingthose of the other years. The westward inflows expanded horizontally to the north part of the Luzon Strait until 21°N.