Regional grain size variations in aeolian sediments along the transition between Tibetan highlands and north‐western Chinese deserts – the influence of geomorphological settings on aeolian transport pathways

Sediment distribution is investigated applying grain size analysis to 279 surface samples from the transitional zone between high mountains (Qilian Shan) and their arid forelands (Hexi Corridor) in north‐western China. Six main sediment types were classified. Medium scale (10³ m) geomorphological setting is carefully considered as it may play an important role concerning sediment supply and availability. A tripartite distribution of sedimentological landscape units along the mountain to foreland transition is evident. Aeolian sediments (e.g. loess and dune sands) are widespread. They are used to identify aeolian transport pathways. The mU/fS‐ratio (5–11 µm/48–70 µm) among primary loess opposes the two grain size fractions being most sensitive to varying accumulation conditions. The first fraction is attributed to long‐distance transport in high suspension clouds whereas the latter represents local transport in saltation mode. The ratio shows strong correlation with elevation (R² = 0.77). Thus, it indicates a relatively higher far‐traveled dust supply in mountainous areas (>3000 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) compared to the foreland. The contribution of westerlies to high mountain loess deposits is considered likely. Hereby, the influence of the geomorphological setting on grain size composition of aeolian sediments becomes apparent: the contribution from distant dust sources is ubiquitous in the study area. However, the far‐distance contribution may be reduced by the availability of fine sand provided in low topography settings. Plain foreland areas support fine sand deflation from supplying river beds, allowing the formation of sandy loess in foreland areas and intramontane basins. In contrast, high mountain topography inhibits strong sand deflation into loess deposits. Eastern parts of the Hexi Corridor show higher aeolian sand occurrence. In contrast, the western parts are dominated by gravel gobi surfaces. This is attributed to higher sand supply in eastern parts provided by the Badain Jaran Desert and fluvial storages as sand sources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic Analysis of a Single-Column Platform (II)

This paper describes the study of a single-column structure used as well-head platform. In order to check the reliability of computation theory and programme, model tests have been carried out. The paper introduces the conclusion of tests and the dynamic properties of single-column platform are obtained.     

用超长基线解算分析汶川地震动态形变特征

以远距离的IGS武汉GPS站为参考站,用超长基线双差瞬时精密定位技术,获取汶川Ms8.0地震震时震区连续GPS站1 Hz动态形变序列。同时以较近距离的雅安站为参考站解算动态形变序列,结果显示,两者的形变结果具有很好的一致性。距离断层较近的郫县、成都、绵阳、中江等站形变较大（形变最大的郫县站最大振幅达1.034 m）;位于震中南侧的邛崃、雅安等站形变较小。利用动态时序的地震波到时和震中距离估计地震波地壳平均速度为3.1 km/s。     

超高温高压流变仪的研发及应用

随着我国能源勘探及地球深部探测等向深部发展,深井越来越多,地层温度、压力越来越高。保证高温高压状态下钻井液流变性能的稳定是深井安全钻进的必要前提,测定钻井液高温高压流变性是评价和优选钻井液体系最基础的工作。依托国家科技部重大仪器设备开发专项,通过对压力控制系统、温度控制系统、剪率控制系统、粘度检测系统等方面技术难题的攻关,研制成功了国内首台超高温高压流变仪。该仪器可在高温高压及低温高压条件下对钻井液、完井液、压裂液等样品的流变性进行高精度测量。     

用单片机实现遥控器的红外发射

红外遥控在电子产品中有着越来越广泛的应用.介绍了用凌阳SPCE061A系列单片机实现电子产品的红外遥控发射.     

利用土壤地球化学数据和BP神经网络预测松嫩平原油气资源

基于东北地区多目标区域地球化学调查获得的海量土壤地球化学数据,利用BP神经网络模型,在土壤地球化学性质与油气田空间位置之间建立模型,构造最优的油气资源预测模型. 以土壤54项地球化学指标以及XY坐标值共同作为模型输入层,以样本是否在油气田内(1代表油气田内,0代表油气田外)作为模型输出层,基于随机抽取的油气田内和油气田外各500个土壤样本数据进行模型训练. 结果显示,多次训练后识别准确率保持在90%左右,说明该模型分类效果较好,可用于油气资源预测. 利用该模型获得了松嫩平原11 291个土壤样本的含油气概率,并绘制了油气资源预测图. 研究表明,神经网络对于解决复杂的非线性地质问题可以发挥重要作用.     

泥页岩裂缝研究进展

国内外大量泥岩裂缝油气藏不断发现和近年来北美地区页岩气勘探获得的巨大成功表明,泥页岩裂缝的研究尤为重要.在对国内外泥页岩裂缝研究成果全面系统调研和详细深入分析总结的基础上,认为与其他岩石类型的储层相比,塑性相对较大的泥页岩储层在裂缝类型与成因、裂缝识别方法、裂缝参数估算、裂缝分布预测等方面既有共性也有其特殊性.依据成因...     

大兴安岭北段图里河地区满克头鄂博组火山岩年代学及地球化学

对大兴安岭北段图里河地区满克头鄂博组火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究,以便对其岩石成因和构造背景给予制约。流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该地区满克头鄂博组火山岩形成时代为晚侏罗世(157±1Ma)。该组火山岩具有高硅(Si O2=69.09%~75.92%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.04%~9.23%),贫镁、铁、钙的特征,属高钾钙碱性、偏铝质-弱过铝质岩石;稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土富集的右倾形式,(La/Yb)N=5.85~13.53,无铕异常或具有较弱的铕负异常;火山岩样品富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。Mg#值为12.14~31.01,平均值22,Nb/Ta值(6.67~27.17,平均值12.23),Rb/Sr值(0.35~3.63,平均值1.58),显示火山岩岩浆源区为下地壳。依据岩石地球化学特征、构造判别图解,结合区域构造演化特征,认为满克头鄂博组火山岩形成于蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合的造山后伸展背景。     

地震油气储层的小样本卷积神经网络学习与预测

地震储层预测是油气勘探的重要组成部分,但完成该项工作往往需要经历多个环节,而多工序或长周期的研究分析降低了勘探效率.基于油气藏分布规律及其在地震响应上所具有的特点,本文引入卷积神经网络深度学习方法,用于智能提取、分类并识别地震油气特征.卷积神经网络所具有的强适用性、强泛化能力,使之可以在小样本条件下,对未解释地震数据体进行全局优化提取特征并加以分类,即利用有限的已知含油气井段信息构建卷积核,以地震数据为驱动,借助卷积神经网络提取、识别蕴藏其中的地震油气特征.将本方案应用于模型数据及实际数据的验算,取得了预期效果.通过与实际钻井信息及基于多波地震数据机器学习所预测结果对比,本方案利用实际数据所演算结果与实际情况有较高的吻合度.表明本方案具有一定的可行性,为缩短相关环节的周期提供了一种新的途径.

     

大兴安岭中部柴河地区钾长花岗岩的成因及构造背景:岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的制约

对大兴安岭中部柴河林场地区钾长花岗岩进行了系统的地球化学及锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,并对其岩石成因及构造意义进行讨论.研究结果表明,柴河林场地区钾长花岗岩中锆石具有典型的岩浆振荡生长环带和较高的Th/U比值(0.44 ～ 1.42),反映了岩浆成因特征.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为133±3Ma.岩石具有富硅、稀土元素含量较高、相对富集轻稀土元素亏损重稀土元素的特征,Eu负异常较为明显,稀土元素配分图解具有右斜“V”字型的特征,并相对富集高场强元素和大离子亲石元素.以上特征表明,柴河林场地区钾长花岗岩为铝质A型花岗岩,是地壳岩石部分熔融的产物,具有典型A1型(裂谷或板内)花岗岩的特征,代表了伸展的构造环境.