频谱分析在虎门大桥动态监测中的应用研究

采用了频谱分析法对虎门跨海悬索大桥进行安全监测,通过利用GPS RTK技术方法获取虎门大桥在台风激励下的动态监测数据,对动态监测数据进行时程分析和频谱分析,获取虎门悬索大桥的振动特性,得到了大桥的运营特征和实时位移特征.     

基于动态检测平台的GPS接收机动态性能检测研究

介绍了一种新型动态检测平台,设计了GPS动态差分试验和双动态差分试验,分析了GPS动态单点定位、动态差分测量、双动态差分测量在两种不同速度条件下进行了的试验数据.     

机载激光雷达平均树高提取研究

为了研究机载激光雷达(LiDAR)树高提取技术,以山东省泰安市徂徕山林场为实验区,于2005年5月进行了机载LiDAR数据获取和外业测量.通过对LiDAR点云数据的分类处理,分别得到了试验区的地面点云子集、植被点云子集和高程归一化的植被点云子集.基于高程归一化的植被点云子集计算了上四分位数处的高度,与实地测量的数据进行了比较,并结合中国森林调查规程进行了实用性分析.结果表明:对于较低密度的点云数据,使用分位数法可以较好地进行林分平均高的估计;机载激光雷达技术对树高估计是可行的,精度都高于87%,总体平均精度为90.59%,其中阔叶树的精度高于针叶树.该试验精度可以满足中国二类森林调查规程中平均树高因子的一般商品林和生态公益林的精度要求,对国有商品林小班的调查精度要求(5%)存在一点差距,需要在国有商品林区进一步开展验证工作.对本试验区而言,已经可以满足其作为森林公园生态公益林的调查要求.     

基于遗传算法的空基导航信号增强平台组网优化方法研究

根据空基导航信号增强平台的工作原理设计了组网优化评价指标;然后简单介绍了遗传算法的基本原理,对空基增强平台的空间位置进行了二进制编码;最后采用通用的遗传算法对空基导航信号增强平台空间分布进行优化搜索。仿真实验结果证明该算法能够对空基导航信号增强平台进行有效布置,覆盖范围内导航服务误差分布合理,并且能够根据实际要求对空基平台进行优化调整。     

模拟酸雨及施磷对水稻土中铅的淋溶特性影响

采用pH=3.0、pH=4.5与对照pH=5.6的3种模拟酸雨淋溶土柱的方法,研究酸雨及含磷酸雨淋溶下合肥市郊水稻土中铅的释放特征与规律。结果表明:经过相当于1 980 mm降水量的淋溶后,铅释放量总体上表现为随着酸雨强度增加累积淋溶量也增加的现象。酸雨作用下,施磷量越多土壤中铅的淋失总量越大。在酸雨及施磷条件下,大兴地区黄褐土中Pb较义城地区水稻土中易于淋失。     

我国南极陨石研究的新进展

近年来,因在南极发现了大量的陨石样品,我国天体化学和陨石学研究得到了快速发展,并取得了一系列可喜的成果,如:①在南极已收集了近万块南极陨石样品,使我国已成为南极陨石拥有大国;②大量的陨石发现和研究成果表明格罗夫山地区为我国发现的新的陨石富集区,填补了我国在南极陨石领域的空白;③发现了许多我国奇缺的陨石类型,如火星陨石、CR型碳质球粒陨石等;④开展了较深入的CAI研究等.这些都将为我国天体化学和比较行星学的发展展示广阔的前景.提出了一些南极陨石研究工作中存在的问题和今后的工作方向.     

太阳系天体的火山作用及其比较行星学意义

火山活动是太阳系内所有行星和多数卫星共同经历过的地质作用.类地行星及它们的卫星表面普遍分布着多种火山和火山岩.其中金星、火星和月球与地球上的早期(始太古代)火山活动有许多相似性.现在,火星与月球上的火山活动早已停止,而金星和地球上仍有火山活动.类木行星的卫星上主要活动的是"冰火山",它们之中有些还有十分强烈的活火山活动(如爱莪和海卫一).对太阳系天体火山作用的对比研究能够提供认识太阳系和行星演化、天体深部和浅部地质作用过程、矿产资源形成以及生命的起源和演化等重要信息,是比较行星学的重要组成部分.     

井中激电地-井方式井旁球体正反演

以激发极化法中的地-井方式中的体极化球形体作为研究对象,采用解析法对地下半空间的电位场进行求解,利用提取出的井中二次场异常电位差进行反演,得出极化球体的球心离井的距离和球心的埋深。通过计算机进行正反演模拟,验证了进行正反演计算的解析式的正确性,并从物理意义上对正反演过程中出现的现象进行分析。最后给出该方法的适用条件以及注意事项。研究对激发极化法地下勘探目标的定量分析具有明确意义。     

Application of Spectral Decomposition to Detection of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Tahe Oiifieid, Tarim Basin, NW China

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to ＂tune-in＂ bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds.     

GNSS three carrier ambiguity resolution using ionosphere-reduced virtual signals

This paper presents a general modeling strategy for ambiguity resolution (AR) and position estimation (PE) using three or more phase-based ranging signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed strategy will identify three best “virtual” signals to allow for more reliable AR under certain observational conditions characterized by ionospheric and tropospheric delay variability, level of phase noise and orbit accuracy. The selected virtual signals suffer from minimal or relatively low ionospheric effects, and thus are known as ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. As a result, the ionospheric parameters in the geometry-based observational models can be eliminated for long baselines, typically those of length tens to hundreds of kilometres. The proposed modeling comprises three major steps. Step 1 is the geometry-free determination of the extra-widelane (EWL) formed between the two closest L-band carrier measurements, directly from the two corresponding code measurements. Step 2 forms the second EWL signal and resolves the integer ambiguity with a geometry-based estimator alone or together with the first EWL. This is followed by a procedure to correct for the first-order ionospheric delay using the two ambiguity-fixed widelane (WL) signals derived from the integer-fixed EWL signals. Step 3 finds an independent narrow-lane (NL) signal, which is used together with a refined WL to resolve NL ambiguity with geometry-based integer estimation and search algorithms. As a result, the above two AR processes performed with WL/NL and EWL/WL signals respectively, either in sequence or in parallel, can support real time kinematic (RTK) positioning over baselines of tens to hundreds of kilometres, thus enabling centimetre-to-decimentre positioning at the local, regional and even global scales in the future.