天然气甲烷碳同位素动力学研究及其应用:以塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉2气田为例

通过有压力的黄金管封闭体系生烃模拟实验和GC-IRMS测定,结合GOR-Isotope Kinetics专用软件,求取了塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠系-侏罗系烃源岩生成甲烷的碳同位素动力学参数。结合地质背景,探讨了克拉2气田天然气的成因。克拉2气田天然气主要来源于早中侏罗世煤系烃源岩,属阶段捕获气,为-5Ma以来的天然气聚集,对应成熟度范围Ro为1．3％-2．5％。在此基础上,建立了克拉2气田天然气运聚成藏动力学模式,从而为天然气定量评价和动态研究提供了新思路。     

The Carlés copper–gold–molybdenum skarn (Asturias, Spain): geometry, mineral associations and metasomatic evolution

This paper presents the petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Carlés Cu–Mo–Au ore deposit, located in the Rio Narcea Gold Belt (Cantabrian zone of the Iberian Massif). It is related to a small postkinematic calc-alkaline monzogranite, which intrudes as a cedar-tree laccolith into the upper siliciclastic Furada Formation (late Silurian age) and the Nieva carbonates (early Devonian age). The Carlés deposit consists mainly of a well-developed exoskarn. The exoskarn is mostly calcic skarn made up of early garnet and pyroxene, and later amphibole, magnetite and sulfides. The presence of magnesian skarn has been recorded on the north side of the intrusion (roof of granitoid). Magnesian skarn consists of olivine, which is partially replaced by diopside and phlogopite and spinel. Close to the igneous rock, skarns are overprinted by strong potassic alteration. The ore is related to the skarn retrogradation and post-skarn veining and faulting. The skarn-related ore consists of earlier, uneconomic magnetite and Fe–As sulfide assemblages and economic Cu–Au–Ag (Bi–Te) assemblages on the eastern and western sides of the contact aureole, and uneconomic Mo and subeconomic Fe–As–Cu–Au–Ag on the northern side of the contact. Later subeconomic Fe–As–Sb–(Zn–Sn–Cu–Au–Ag) assemblages crosscut the granitoid, skarn, marbles and mineral associations developed previously, and are related to younger episodes of fracturing and faulting. Fluid inclusions in the first hydrothermal stage consist of an aqueous solution with significant contents of CO₂, which reach unmixing conditions as a result of a decrease in P–T conditions. This led to two types of solutions, aqueous solutions of moderate to high salinity and hydrocarbon solutions of low salinity. This unmixing phenomenon controlled the first stage of gold precipitation. During the late hydrothermal activity, primary low-salinity-aqueous-carbonic inclusions with contrasting densities are found. They homogenize into vapor, critical or liquid phase. Homogenization temperatures are practically the same in all inclusions, indicating a boiling phenomenon that could control a new precipitation of gold.     

土地覆被对气候影响的数值模拟实验

使用中尺度生态气象模式,并与积云对流参数化方案相结合,研究在不同的地形(平坦地形和复杂地形),不同天气背景(地转风为0.5m/s和5m/s,大气比湿分别为0.9,0.8,0.7)条件下,中纬度半干旱地区陆面变化对中尺度大气边界层结构和气候的影响.研究表明:当在部分的裸壤地区为植物覆盖时,其下土壤将变得比其附近的干燥的裸壤湿润.在植物上空大气边界层内的温度比其附近的裸壤地区偏低,而大气湿度增加.由此,一个中尺度的水平气压扰动将产生,以适应热力场的扰动.在没有地转风的影响下,在该气压扰动的作用下,在大气边界层内,将产生从植物地区流向裸壤地区的植物风环流.陆面状况的变化引起风场、温度场和湿度场的扰动以及积云对流降水,将随地转风、大气背景湿度和陆面变化的程度而改变.在地形复杂地区,在不同的位置产生和发展植物风环流与山谷风环流的相互作用,可导致不同形式的气候变化.     

POS辅助空中三角测量在山地测区DOM制作的应用

为农村土地确权登记发证,以湖北省1：2000基础影像数据DOM制作项目为例,介绍了基于POS辅助空三在大比例尺山地测区的像控布点方案和加密方法,并对测区范围的空三成果进行精度检查和统计分析。结果表明,对于山地测区,在外业布设25-30条基线一对像控点的条件下,利用POS辅助空三测量,空三加密精度可以达到1：2000大比例尺成图要求。     

Late Miocene normal faulting beneath the northern Nile Delta: NNW propagation of the Gulf of Suez Rift

The north Egyptian continental margin has undergone passive margin subsidence since the opening of Tethys, but its post-Mesozoic history has been interrupted by tectonic events that include a phase of extensional faulting in the Late Miocene. This study characterizes the geometry and distribution of Late Miocene normal faulting beneath the northern Nile Delta and addresses the relationship of this faulting to the north–northwestwards propagation of Red Sea–Gulf of Suez rifting at this time. Structural interpretation of a 2D grid of seismic reflection data has defined a Tortonian–Messinian syn-rift megasequence, when tied to well data. Normal fault correlations between seismic lines are constrained by the mapping of fault-related folds. Faults are evenly distributed across the study area and are found to strike predominantly NW–SE to NNW–SSE, with some N–S faults in the north. Faults are interpreted to be <10 km in length, typically in the range 3–6 km. This suggests that rifting in the northern Nile Delta did not proceed beyond a continental rift initiation phase, with distributed, relatively small-scale faults. This contrasts with the Gulf of Suez Rift, where faulting continued to a more evolved fault localization phase, with block-bounding faults >25 km in length. Results suggest that future studies could quantify fault evolution from rift initiation to fault linkage to displacement localization, by studying the spatial variation in faulting from the northern Nile Delta, south–southeastwards to the Gulf of Suez Rift.