Time-Domain Full Waveform Inversion Using the Gradient Preconditioning Based on Transmitted Wave Energy

The gradient preconditioning approach based on seismic wave energy can effectively avoid the huge memory consumption of the gradient preconditioning algorithms based on the Hessian matrix. However, the accuracy of this approach is prone to be influenced by the energy of reflected waves. To tackle this problem, the paper proposes a new gradient preconditioning method based on the energy of transmitted waves. The approach scales the gradient through a precondition factor, which is calculated by the ‘approximate transmission wavefield' simulation based on the nonreflecting acoustic wave equation. The method requires no computing nor storing of the Hessian matrix and its inverse matrix. Furthermore, the proposed method can effectively eliminate the effects of geometric spreading and disproportionality in the gradient illumination. The results of model experiments show that the time-domain full waveform inversion(FWI) using the gradient preconditioning based on transmitted wave energy can achieve higher inversion accuracy for deep high-velocity bodies and their underlying strata in comparison with the one using the gradient preconditioning based on seismic wave energy. The field marine seismic data test shows that our proposed method is also highly applicable to the FWI of field marine seismic data.     

Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of a fatty acid elongase gene from Nannochloropsis oculata CS179

Nannochloropsis oculata CS179, a unicellular marine microalga, is rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). Elongase and desaturase play a key role in the biosynthesis of PUFAs. A new elongase gene, which encodes 322 amino acids, was identified via RT-PCR and 5′ and 3′ RACE. The sequence of the elongase gene was blast-searched in the NCBI GenBank and showed a similarity to those of the cryptosporidium. But the NJ-tree revealed that the N. oculata CS179 elongase clustered with those of the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Ostreococcus tauri and Thalassiosira pseudonana.     

冲绳海槽海底地形的补偿模式初步研究

从区域补偿模式和实验均衡理论出发,利用重力和地形资料计算了冲绳海槽的均衡响应函数,结果表明：冲绳海槽南段弹性板有效厚度和补偿深度明显大于中段,结合其它地质地球物理资料解释认为,产生这种差异的原因主要是南,中两段岩石圈温度和补偿机制的不同所致。     

"蛟龙"号载人潜水器的布放回收系统及其关键技术

“蛟龙”号是我国首台载人潜水器,也是全球下潜深度最大的作业型载人潜水器。为使“蛟龙”号具有更大的作业空间,其布放回收系统须满足三级海况下布放和四级海况下回收的作业需求。文章介绍“蛟龙”号布放回收系统的系统组成和关键技术,并对其实际应用情况进行分析和总结。研究结果表明：“蛟龙”号的布放回收系统主要包括A形架、拖曳绞车和升降轨道车;拖曳绞车和A形架主吊缆的恒张力控制系统实现布放回收系统的升沉补偿功能,可满足“蛟龙”号三级海况下布放和四级海况下回收的需求;升降轨道车同时可作为“蛟龙”号日常存放、保养和维修的载体。     

Leak-off mechanism and pressure prediction for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling

Deepwater sediments are prone to loss circulation in drilling due to a low overburden gradient. How to predict the magnitude of leak-off pressure more accurately is an important issue in the protection of drilling safety and the reduction of drilling cost in deep water. Starting from the mechanical properties of a shallow formation and based on the basic theory of rock-soil mechanics, the stress distribution around a borehole was analyzed. It was found that the rock or soil on a borehole is in the plastic yield state before the effective tensile stress is generated, and the effective tangential and vertical stresses increase as the drilling fluid density increases; thus, tensile failure will not occur on the borehole wall. Based on the results of stress calculation, two mechanisms and leak-off pressure prediction models for shallow sediments in deepwater drilling were put forward, and the calculated values of these models were compared with the measured value of shallow leak-off pressure in actual drilling. The results show that the MHPS (minimum horizontal principle stress) model and the FIF (fracturing in formation) model can predict the lower and upper limits of leak-off pressure. The PLC (permeable lost circulation) model can comprehensively analyze the factors influencing permeable leakage and provide a theoretical basis for leak-off prevention and plugging in deepwater drilling.     

辽宁省本溪北台铁矿的构造控制规律——运用构造解析解决找矿问题的一个实例

本溪北台铁矿为产于太古宙鞍山群中的BIF.矿体形态、产状均甚复杂.构造解析表明,这种复杂性是由于经受了至少三期构造变形所引起的.本文在详细剖析各期构造变形及其对铁矿体的控制规律的基础上,提出了深部找矿方向,已得到实践验证,经济效果显著.     

地电提取测量法在北衙寻找隐伏矿的可行性

地电化学提取测量法是应生产需要而发展起来的一种轻便，快捷的寻找隐伏矿床的方法，在云南鹤庆县北衙地区进行实验研究，取得较好的效果，并在末知矿区圈定了远景规划区，为进一步探矿提供科学依据。     

A research on grey numerical imitation and modeling of groundwater seepage system

Based on grey set, grey numbers and their operation properties, the grey numerical model of groundwater seepage system was set up for the first time, the whole grey solving method of the model was given and it was proved that the common solving method of the model was only a special case of the grey solving methods. At the same time, the grey solving method was compared widely with common solving method, classical numerical method. The study shows that the grey solving method is better in depicting the procedure of transporting grey data of groundwater system. On the basis of the theoretical study, two basic kinds of cases about groundwater seepage were selected: the prediction of pit yield and the evaluation of groundwater resources on a groundwater basin. In the cases, systematical analyses were made for generalization and greylization of the hydrogeologic conditions, setting up of the grey model, identification and correction of the model as well as its prediction and evaluation. It was pointed out that when the grey numerical model is used to predict pit yield, the upper limit of the “grey band” of groundwater level cannot be higher than planed safe groundwater level, when evaluating the groundwater resource, the lower limit of the “grey band” of groundwater level cannot be lower than controlled level of groundwater.     

Evolution of planktonic foraminifera and thermocline in the southern South China Sea since 12 Ma (ODP-184, Site 1143)

Down-core variation in planktonic foraminifera (PF) at Site 1143 (ODP 184) has disclosed the evolution of upper water-column structure over the last 12 Ma in the southern South China Sea. In the early Late Miocene (∽10.6–7.8 Ma), there existed a lower percentage of total deep-dwelling species, reflecting a water thermocline deeper than that in the Middle Miocene, which resulted from the closure of Indonesian seaway and relevant intensification of the equatorial warm current. After the increase in deep-dwelling PF and the rising of thermocline during the late Late Miocene (7.6–6.4 Ma), the total deep-dwelling species decreased gradually from late Late Miocene (6.4 Ma) to the Pliocene, implying the deepening of water thermocline. The evolution of thermocline depth in the southern South China Sea reflected by the PF at Site 1143 might be a good indicator of the change of west Pacific “warm pool”.     

A terrestrial shear pattern?

The concept of the strain ellipsoid is applied to indicate a possible regular shear pattern of earthquake distribution over the Earth's surface. A simple model of the Earth is assumed in the form of a rotating sphere with a plastic interior and a thin, fragile, crust. On this basis rotation of the Earth generates an internal radial pressure at the equator equivalent to 1/300g causing a proportionate distortion of the spherical shell. The system is in dynamic equilibrium with an increase in gravity at the equator. The ellipsoid representing the distortion, has orthogonal principal axes corresponding to the principal strains while radial directions at 54°44 from the poles are unchanged in length and are thus possible axes of shear generating the same distortion. The Alpide region of earthquakes extending from Lisbon to Tokyo and restriction of earthquakes mainly to the broad band between latitudes 55°N or S are in support of the proposed view.Four unique sets of orthogonal shear systems have been identified which form a regular pattern with a definite symmetry with respect to the plane of the ecliptic. This suggests that the hoop stress at the Equator associated with Earth rotation may be triggered off by tidal forces and that earthquake prediction may well be possible. Other implications of this new approach are also discussed.