论社会共同价值观

社会共同价值观是社会共同体之所以能存在和发展的凝聚力、它指导社会共同体及其成员的前进方向、它还规范和约束社会共同体成员的思想和行动以形成社会共同体的合力。社会共同价值观是在一定历史时期的特定社会共同体中各社会阶层的社会成员普遍认同并持有的价值观。社会共同价值观具有普遍性、结构性、稳定性等特征 ,具有凝聚功能、导向功能和规约功能。社会共同价值观具有理论体系的形式、文化形式、社会心理的形式等存在形式     

The impact of meso-scale eddies on the Subtropical Mode Water in the western North Pacific

Based on the temperature and salinity from the Argo profiling floats and altimeter-derived geostrophic velocity anomaly (GVA) data in the western North Pacific during 2002–2011, the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) distribution is investigated and cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (CEs and AEs) are constructed to study the influence of their vertical structures on maintaining NPSTMW. Combining eddies identified by the GVA data and Argo profiling float data, it is found that the average NPSTMW thickness of AEs is about 60 dbar, which is thicker than that of CEs. The NPSTMW thicker than 150 dbar in AEs accounts for 18%, whereas that in CEs accounts for only 1%. About 3377 (3517) profiles, which located within one diameter of the nearest CEs (AEs) are used to construct the CE (AE). The composite AE traps low-PV water in the center and with a convex shape in the vertical section. The ‘trapped depth’ of the composite CE (AE) is 300 m (550 m) where the rotational velocity exceeds the transitional velocity. The present study suggests that the anticyclonic eddies are not only likely to form larger amounts of NPSTMW, but also trap more NPSTMW than cyclonic eddies.     

威海市近海海域浅地层结构及灾害地质特征

通过对2 131km高分辨率浅地层剖面资料分析和研究,揭示了威海市近海海域浅地层结构特征,分析了海洋灾害地质因素类型及分布特征,并绘制了主要灾害地质因素分布图。威海市近海海域65m以浅地层共分为5层,第一层为全新世泥质楔形体,地层厚度8~15m;第二层为末次盛冰期以来的海侵层,厚度一般小于3m;第三层为MIS2期的陆相沉积层,地层厚度3~8m;第四层为MIS3期的海相沉积层,厚度3~6m;第五层未完全揭示。近海海域灾害地质因素主要包括埋藏下切谷、浅部断层、浅层气、海底沙波沙脊、浅埋起伏基岩等5种类型;埋藏下切谷主要分布在南部海域U3地层单元中;浅部断层主要分布在南部海域水深大于20m的海底堆积平原;浅层气主要分布在北部海域,东部和南部海域面积较小;海底沙波沙脊主要分布在荣成成山头外海海域;浅埋起伏基岩主要分布在基岩海岸和岛屿较近的海域。     

Otolith chemical signatures of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus in coastal waters of China

This study explores the potential existence of local stocks of Synechogobius ommaturus using otolith chemical signatures. The concentrations of 10 elements (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Sr, Pb, Ba, Mn, Co, Zn) in the otoliths from eight stocks (Dandong, Dalian, Tianjin, Dongying, Weihai, Qingdao, Ganyu and Xiamen) of S. ommaturus were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and regressed against otolith weight. No significant correlation between otolith weight and concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Co, Ba, Zn and Pb were observed. Concentrations of K and Mn were correlated with otolith weight. Consequently, the residuals of the regressions were used instead of the original concentrations in subsequent analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant difference between males and females in otolith chemical signatures. Differences were found among the locations for K, Sr, Mn, Co, Ba, Pb, but not for Ca, Na, Mg and Zn. Residuals of the regressions of elemental concentrations against otolith weight that fitted the normal distribution and homogeneity were studied by discriminant analysis. The success of the discriminant function to predict the location of S. ommaturus capture ranged from 100% for Weihai and Xiamen stocks, to only 44.4% and 62.5% for Qingdao and Dandong stocks, respectively. The average prediction success was 80.3%.     

Structure analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in cultivation variety ��Rongfu��

In this report, complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Laminaria cultivation variety ‘Rongfu’ were obtained. The results showed the length of circular molecule of mtDNA was 37 638 bp (64.7% A+T), encoding three rRNAs (23S, 16S and 5S), 25 tRNAs, 35 known mitochondrial proteins and 3 ORFs. Sequence alignment indicated its mtDNA genome was very similar to that of Laminaria japonica. Phylogenetic trees inferred from concatenated 30 mitochondrial genes showed that ‘Rongfu’, Laminaria japonica, Laminaria longipedalis, Laminaria diabolica, Laminaria religiosa and Laminaria ochotensis clustered together. In addition, compared with mitochondrial genome of L. japonica, ‘Rongfu’ mtDNA lacked a non-coding region of 19 nucleotides, which was located between rRNA small subunit gene 3 (rps3) and rRNA small subunit gene 9 (rps9). Seven cultivation varieties of China were divided into two groups based on this non-coding region which was absent in ‘Rongfu’, ‘Fujian’ and ‘Sanhai’ while present in ‘Ailunwan’, ‘Dongfang No.2’, ‘Dongfang No.3’ and ‘Zaohoucheng’. So this variation can be used in germplasm identification of cultivation variety.     

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Regeneration and utilization of nutrients during collapse of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mesodinium rubrum</Emphasis> red tide and its influence on phytoplankton species composition

High-biomass red tides occur frequently in some semi-enclosed bays of Hong Kong where ambient nutrients are not high enough to support such a high phytoplankton biomass. These high-biomass red tides release massive inorganic nutrients into local waters during their collapse. We hypothesized that the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of red tides would fuel growth of other phytoplankton species. This could influence phytoplankton species composition. We tested the hypothesis using a red tide event caused by Mesodinium rubrum (M. rubrum) in a semi-enclosed bay, Port Shelter. The red tide patch had a cell density as high as 5.0×10⁵ cells L^?1, and high chlorophyll a (63.71 μg L^?1). Ambient inorganic nutrients (nitrate: \(\rm{NO}_3^-\), ammonium: \(\rm{NH}_4^+\), phosphate: \(\rm{PO}_4^{3-}\), silicate: \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\)) were low both in the red tide patch and the non-red-tide patch (clear waters outside the red tide patch). Nutrient addition experiments were conducted by adding all the inorganic nutrients to water samples from the two patches followed by incubation for 9 days. The results showed that the addition of inorganic nutrients did not sustain high M. rubrum cell density, which collapsed after day 1, and did not drive M. rubrum in the non-red-tide patch sample to the same high-cell density in the red tide patch sample. This confirmed that nutrients were not the driving factor for the formation of this red tide event, or for its collapse. The death of M. rubrum after day 1 released high concentrations of \(\rm{NO}_3^-\), \(\rm{PO}_4^{3-}\), \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\), \(\rm{NH}_4^+\), and urea. Bacterial abundance and heterotrophic activity increased, reaching the highest on day 3 or 4, and decreased as cell density of M. rubrum declined. The released nutrients stimulated growth of diatoms, such as Chaetoceros affinis var. circinalis, Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii, and Nitzschia sp., particularly with additions of \(\rm{SiO}_4^{3-}\) treatments, and other species. These results demonstrated that initiation of M. rubrum red tides in the bay was not directly driven by nutrients. However, the massive inorganic nutrients released from the collapse of the red tide could induce a second bloom in low-ambient nutrient water, influencing phytoplankton species composition.     

冲绳海槽海底地形的补偿模式初步研究

从区域补偿模式和实验均衡理论出发,利用重力和地形资料计算了冲绳海槽的均衡响应函数,结果表明：冲绳海槽南段弹性板有效厚度和补偿深度明显大于中段,结合其它地质地球物理资料解释认为,产生这种差异的原因主要是南,中两段岩石圈温度和补偿机制的不同所致。