伟晶岩绿柱石矿物学及其通道水氢同位素研究进展

自然界绿柱石存在三个类质同象系列,即“八面体”绿柱石（ｃ／ａ＝０．９９１￣０．９９６）,“正常”绿柱石和“四面体”绿柱石。绿柱石矿物精细结构研究表明,二价离子置换八面体中Ａｌ,Ｌｉ置换四面体中Ｂｅ,而碱离子被绿柱石通道所容纳,用于补偿低价阳离子置换Ａｌ八面体和Ｂｅ四面体引起的电价不足。伟晶岩绿柱石通常含有〉１．６ｗｔ％的通道水,而包裹体中流体仅为０．１５ｗｔ％左右。室温下绿柱石通道中存在１型和Ⅱ     

滇黔桂微细浸染型金矿铅同位素组成及应用

滇黔桂微细浸染型金矿铅同位素组成及应用＊刘显凡刘家军朱赖民（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）卢秋霞（成都理工学院，成都６１００５９）关键词微细浸染型金矿铅同位素组成矿质来源上地幔分异混染滇黔桂１矿床地质背景研究区位于扬子地台西南缘与华南加...     

扬子地块北缘武当山岩群与耀岭河岩群不整合接触关系的地质意义

鄂西北南化塘地区中元古界武当山岩群由三个岩段组成，其原岩分别以火山角砾岩、岩屑凝灰岩及晶屑凝灰岩为主。它们的空间展布与上覆上元古界耀岭河岩群高角度相交，三岩段所显示出早期褶皱也只限于武当山岩群内部，与上覆岩群的构造轮廓极不谐调，耀岭河岩群没有经历过这一期变形。因此，武当山岩群与耀岭河岩群之间最初存在着明显的角度不整合接触。该区域不整合面的厘定和早晋宁运动的确认将改变以往关于扬子地块北缘构造层的划分及构造演化历史的认识，对研究秦岭造山带的造山过程具有重要意义。     

N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质的膜状态及其在水面溢油集油剂中的应用研究

合成了 5种 N,N-二烷基酰胺型表面活性剂 ,并对其所成膜的状态进行了测定。表明当N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质单独成膜时获得的集油膜为多层膜 ,而当选用合适的溶剂与其配制成溶液以后 ,所成的集油膜则为转变膜或液态凝聚膜。在 5种 N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质中 ,酰基碳链越长、氮烷基碳链越短则其集油能力越强。应用 N,N-二烷基酰胺类物质配制了 4个配方 ,均具备良好的集油能力 ,并且对原油的集油能力大于对柴油的集油能力     

基于地理信息系统的数字环境模型研究

本文提出了以遥感与地理信息系统为技术手段,用有序数值阵列的方法建立数字环境模型的新思路,具体阐述了建立数字环境模型的意义、方法和应用范围。并在建立数字环境模型的基础上,对西藏“一江两河”地区的环境综合状况进行了定量评价。     

雷暴对流起电机制理论分析

本文用一维分层模式理论分析了地面降雨、尖端放电、对流运动以及云外电导率变化对雷暴电结构的影响。分析指出,云内对流强度明显地影响着雷暴电结构,强烈的地面降雨和尖端放电可使地面电场强度显著减小,甚至极性翻转。闪电和云顶附近的下沉气流是维持雷暴向上提供充电电流的重要条件。在雷暴中,对流起电机制是一个不可忽略的重要过程。     

蓝藻聚铁作用的模拟实验

实验模拟前寒武纪大气的高二氧化碳分压(P_CO2),低氧浓度条件下,加入较低浓度(6μg/g)铁的Zarronk培养液培养蓝藻Spirulina platensis,观察铁的沉淀与凝聚。藻在生长过程中不断改变环境的离子平衡系统以及pH,Eh等,造成铁的氧化、还原、络合和Fe³⁺沉淀。实验组与未加蓝藻的对照组有显著差别。实验证实藻在聚铁和铁矿形成中起重要作用。     

A contrast of two typical LUCC processes and their driving forces in oases of arid areas: A case study of Sangong River Watershed at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains

Aerial photographs taken in 1978 and 1987, Landsat TM images in 1998 as well as soil, hydrology and socio-economic data for the oases in Sangong River Watershed were processed by Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). There are two typical agricultural land uses in oases, Farm-based Land Use with large-scale intensified agricultural activities (FLU) and Household Responsibility-based Land Use with small-scale activities (HRLU). The Index Model of Land Use/Land Cover Change (LUCC), Weighted Index Sum (WIS) and logistic stepwise regression model were established to contrast the two typical LUCC processes and their driving forces. The land use patterns were dominated by cropland and grassland for the entire region, and cropland, residential and industrial land were increasing stably. In the HRLU areas, woodland and grassland declined dramatically, but in the FLU areas, grassland decreased only by 12.0%, whereas woodland increased by 13.7%. LUCC was stronger in the earlier stage (1978–1987) than in the later stage (1987–1998) for the entire region. LUCC was more intense in the HRLU areas than in the FLU areas during the entire period (1978–1998). Policy was a key factor in the land use change, and water resources were a precondition in land use. Under the control of policy and water resources, the main human driving factors included population and economy, and the main natural restrictions were soil fertility and groundwater depth. Human driving factors controlled the land change in the HRLU areas, but natural restriction factors dominated in the FLU areas. In the mean time, intensification of LUCC in the region had some spatiotemporal implications with a fluctuation of impact factors.     

Geobiological interpretation of the oxygen-deficient deposits of the Middle Permian marine source rocks in South China:A working hypothesis

To decipher the origin of oxygen-deficient shelfal deposits is significant for tracing the distribution of marine source rocks and interpreting the evolution of depositional environment. The origin of the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation in South China remains a puzzle for long with its evident oxygen-deficient features but diverse benthos. This paper shows a typical Chihsian depositional rhythm composed of the massive and the laminated limestones with ecological and geochemical features. Massive bioclastic limestone from the rhythm was aerobic in paleoxygenation condition indicated by both the ecological and geochemical features. However, a contradictory oxygenation was inferred for the “laminated” counterpart from the rhythm, with the ecological signal being aerobic and the geochemical one being anoxic. The difference in ecological and geochemical indications was interpreted as the instability of paleoxygenation condition in shelf environments, caused by an enhanced paleoproductivity. Rhythmic occurrence of the oxygen-deficient condition might have been stemmed from paleo-Tethyan paleocurrents flowing across South China. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 789–796 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报]     

Soil and Vegetation Spectral Coupling Difference (SVSCD) for Minerals Extraction from Hyperion Data in Vegetation Covered Area

Remote sensing data have been widely applied to extract minerals in geologic exploration, however, in areas covered by vegetation, extracted mineral information has mostly been small targets bearing little information. In this paper, we present a new method for mineral extraction aimed at solving the difficulty of mineral identification in vegetation covered areas. The method selected six sets of spectral difference coupling between soil and plant (SVSCD). These sets have the same vegetation spectra reflectance and a maximum different reflectance of soil and mineral spectra from Hyperion image based on spectral reflectance characteristics of measured spectra. The central wavelengths of the six, selected band pairs were 2314 and 701 nm, 1699 and 721 nm, 1336 and 742 nm, 2203 and 681 nm, 2183 and 671 nm, and 2072 and 548 nm. Each data set’s reflectance was used to calculate the difference value. After band difference calculation, vegetation information was suppressed and mineral abnormal information was enhanced compared to the scatter plot of original band. Six spectral difference couplings, after vegetation inhibition, were arranged in a new data set that requires two components that have the largest eigenvalue difference from principal component analysis (PCA). The spatial geometric structure features of PC1 and PC2 was used to identify altered minerals by spectral feature fitting (SFF). The collecting rocks from the 10 points that were selected in the concentration of mineral extraction were analyzed under a high-resolution microscope to identify metal minerals and nonmetallic minerals. Results indicated that the extracted minerals were well matched with the verified samples, especially with the sample 2, 4, 5 and 8. It demonstrated that the method can effectively detect altered minerals in vegetation covered area in Hyperion image.