X射线荧光测井井液的影响与校正

X射线荧光测井中 ,井液位于井下探管与井壁之间 ,它的影响不但表现在对特征X射线的吸收 ,而且表现在对源初级射线和特征 X射线的散射。井液的校正采用硬件与软件相结合的方法 ,在硬件上 ,使含有探测器的部分制成单独的短臂 ,有效地保证了探测窗与井壁的良好接触 ;在软件上 ,提出的双散射峰法和散射峰 -逃逸峰法 ,能够校正 0 - 10 mm厚的井液对 X射线荧光测井结果的影响     

Recycling of crustal materials and implications for lithospheric thinning:Evidence from Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Hailar–Tamtsag Basin,NE China

Late Mesozoic Nb-rich basaltic andesites and high-Mg adakitic volcanic rocks from the Hailar-Tamtsag Basin,northeast China,provide important insights into the recycling processes of crustal materials and their role in late Mesozoic lithospheric thinning.The Late Jurassic Nb-rich basaltic andesites(154 ± 4 Ma) are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light rare earth elements,slightly depleted in high-field-strength elements,and have high TiO_2,P_2 O_5,and Nb contents,and(Nb/Th)PM and Nb/U ratios,which together with the relatively depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions indicate a derivation from a mantle wedge metasomatized by hydrous melts from subducted oceanic crust.The Early Cretaceous high-Mg adakitic volcanic rocks(129-117 Ma) are characterized by low Y and heavy rare earth element contents,and high Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios,similar to those of rocks derived from partial melting of an eclogitic source.They also have high Rb/Sr, K_2 O/Na_2 O,and Mg#values,and high MgO, Cr, and Ni contents.These geochemical features sugge st that the adakitic lavas were derived from partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust,followed by interaction of the resulting melts with mantle material during their ascent Our data,along with available geological,paleomagnetic,and geophysical evidence,lead us to propose that recycling of Paleo-Pacific oceanic crustal materials into the upper mantle due to flat-slab subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate during the late Mesozoic likely provided the precondition for lithospheric thinning in northeast China,with consequent lithospheric delamination causing recycling of continental crustal materials and further lithospheric thinning.     

GEOCHRONOLOGY OF ~(Ar)/~(39)Ar DATING IN THE BASEMENT ROCKS IN EASTERN KUNLUN MOUNTAINS AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS

GEOCHRONOLOGY OF ~(Ar)/~(39)Ar DATING IN THE BASEMENT ROCKS IN EASTERN KUNLUN MOUNTAINS AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS     

卫星遥感中风场对降雨飘移距离的影响及误差校正

首先利用海表面风速与高度的对数关系、风向与高度的关系,推算出高空的风速、风向及相应风力的大小。在此基础上根据降雨的形成高度,假定在海表面10 m处风速为10 m/s的情况下,得到单位质量为1的雨水在风场影响下的飘移距离在3—100 km之间,可以判定这个偏移距离即为在风场影响下卫星观测降雨的误差。利用上述方法对10组TRMM卫星降雨产品数据进行纠正,将纠正前后的TRMM数据与GPCP数据进行对比。结果显示,经过纠正的TRMM数据与GPCP数据更为一致,整体精度提高了12%左右,验证了方法的正确性。     

夯扩桩半模夯扩试验及夯扩机理探讨

设计了夯扩桩半模夯扩试验，采用读数显微镜直接测读上体质点位移，获得了不同密度的均匀砂土中砂粒的位移，由此确定土体的位移场和密度场。借鉴魏西克（Ｖｅｓｉｃ）球形孔穴膨胀理论和梅耶霍夫（Ｍｅｙｅｒｈｏｆ）塑性剪切理论，结合模型试验成果，对夯扩机理作了探讨，并定性地提出了夯扩机理模式。     

黄海及其沿岸历史地震初步研究

黄海及其边缘，经历史地震资料整理，地震参数估定与编目，截至1949年8月，共有M≥3级地震2187次，其中M≥43/4级地震259次，资料显示大致有三个相对集中活跃区，16世纪曾有过历史地震活动高潮。     

安哥拉Huila省Bonga碳酸岩型铌矿床烧绿石地球化学组成、演化及其与岩浆热液作用过程的关系

安哥拉Bonga碳酸岩型烧绿石矿床是一个重要的铌矿床,烧绿石是碳酸岩中主要的含Nb矿物。Bonga碳酸岩中发育了5种类型(阶段)的烧绿石(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)。其中烧绿石Ⅰ为岩浆(原生)烧绿石,其余为热液交代形成的烧绿石。烧绿石Ⅰ与氟磷灰石共生,以富Nb贫Ta、Ca、Na占A位和F占满Y位为特征,烧绿石的结晶和Nb、Ta等高场强元素的含量受碳酸岩浆中挥发分F和H2O的控制。Bonga环带烧绿石发育,多为原生的岩浆震荡环带烧绿石遭受了后期低温热液作用改造而成,具有岩浆振荡环带结构和热液烧绿石的化学特征。高温的热液过程中岩浆烧绿石被烧绿石Ⅱ交代,以F和Na含量的降低,Ca含量基本不变,A空位急剧增多为特征。而在稍低的温度下,经热液作用交代形成了烧绿石Ⅳ(A空位高,其他占位元素少)。最晚阶段富Sr的烧绿石Ⅲ(Sr含量较高)和烧绿石Ⅴ形成于相对低温的热液作用过程中,与石英、菱锶矿等热液矿物共生,Sr可能来源于对岩浆碳酸盐矿物的热液交代作用。在整个热液作用过程中,Bonga的烧绿石可能存在以下元素替换机制：3Nb5++2Ca2+→2Si4++Fe3++2(U,Th)4+;2Nb5++Na++2Ca2+→Si4++Fe3++2(U,Th)4++A□。在更低温、氧化的条件下,烧绿石蚀变形成大量的含铌金红石和少量的易解石,此过程中释放出Ce和Th等,形成独居石、氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈矿、Sr REE磷酸盐矿物和方钍石等。此外,还发现了含铌针铁矿,显示Bonga烧绿石中的Nb在表生条件下发生了迁移。     

坝上草原相关花粉源范围与相对花粉产量估算

基于坝上草原地区30个采样点表土花粉分析和植被调查的研究结果显示, 花粉组合以蒿属、藜科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科等草本植物为主, 基本能够反映草原植被特征, 但花粉百分比与其在植被中盖度差异明显。运用Extended R-Value(ERV)模型估算的坝上草原区相关花粉源范围大致为2100m, 当风速大于3.5m/s时, 基本稳定, 受风速影响不大。估算的相对花粉产量结果显示, 蒿属和藜科的相对花粉产量最高, 为禾本科的20倍左右; 其次为莎草科和菊科, 为禾本科的7~9倍; 百合科略高于禾本科; 旋花科、豆科、唇形科及委陵菜属的相对花粉产量则明显低于禾本科。利用相对花粉产量对花粉与植被关系的校正结果表明: 蒿属、藜科的校正效果明显, 其相对花粉产量可以作为定量重建古植被的参考; 莎草科、菊科、百合科和唇形科由于受植被和花粉数据梯度限制, 其相对花粉产量能否用于植被与花粉关系的校正有待通过更多植被群落调查进一步证实;其他花粉类型由于在花粉组合中含量多低于5 %, 所以在校正花粉与植被关系时的作用不明显。     

Reponses and sensitivities of maize phenology to climate change from 1981 to 2009 in Henan Province,China

With the global warming, crop phenological shifts in responses to climate change have become a hot research topic. Based on the long-term observed agro-meteorological phenological data (1981–2009) and meteorological data, we quantitatively analyzed temporal and spatial shifts in maize phenology and their sensitivities to key climate factors change using climate tendency rate and sensitivity analysis methods. Results indicated that the sowing date was significantly delayed and the delay tendency rate was 9.0 d·10a^-1. But the stages from emergence to maturity occurred earlier (0.1 d·10a^-1<θ<1.7 d·10a^-1, θ is the change slope of maize phenology). The length of vegetative period (VPL) (from emergence to tasseling) was shortened by 0.9 d·10a^-1, while the length of generative period (GPL) (from tasseling to maturity) was lengthened by 1.7 d·10a^-1. The growing season length (GSL) (from emergence to maturity) was lengthened by 0.4 d·10a^-1. Correlation analysis indicated that maize phenology was significantly correlated with average temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days (GDD) (p<0.01). Average temperature had significant negative correlation relationship, while precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days had significant positive correlations with maize phenology. Sensitivity analysis indicated that maize phenology showed different responses to variations in key climate factors, especially at different sites. The conclusions of this research could provide scientific supports for agricultural adaptation to climate change to address the global food security issue.     

鱼粪化石特征对早侏罗世托阿尔期湖泊生态系统的启示:以川东大安寨段为例*

早侏罗世托阿尔期早期大洋缺氧事件(Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event,~183.8 Ma)是一次全球性的多幕式生物—环境事件,其在四川盆地下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段亦有显示。对采集自川东北地区大安寨段的鱼粪化石进行形态学描述和内含物分析,发现鱼粪化石中含有大量的磷质成分,多为未经消化的鱼骨化石,另有大量介壳类化石与有机质混杂在一起。据露头岩性和显微薄片特征认为: (1)粪化石呈螺旋状,生产该粪化石的鱼类为大型肉食性鱼类,其喜食小型鱼类和软体动物等,推测可能是肺鱼类(角齿鱼);(2)鱼粪化石形成于开放型淡水湖泊中的半深湖—深湖区,其中湖泊表层含氧量丰富,主要由生产者、消费者构成了研究区早侏罗世托阿尔期大型湖泊生态系统,食物链较为复杂,而湖底为水动力条件较弱的还原环境。该研究成果可为早侏罗世托阿尔期大洋缺氧事件在湖泊中的沉积响应及生态影响研究提供依据。