砂岩储层自生伊利石40Ar–39Ar定年技术及油气成藏年龄探讨

油气成藏年龄是石油地质学和同位素年代学共同面临的科学难题之一。本文探讨砂岩储层自生伊利石40Ar–39Ar阶段加热技术获得油气成藏年龄的可能性。样品采自南海珠江口盆地第三纪珠海组砂岩储层,采用冷冻−加热循环技术缓慢碎裂样品,以减少碎屑长石混入量。释出气体首先经过专门研制的纯化装置,有效地除弃有机杂质气体,然后经过2个NP10 Zr/Al泵进一步纯化。06ZJ26I伊利石40Ar–39Ar激光阶段加热分析获得了阶梯状上升的年龄谱。开始3个最低激光能量阶段加权平均年龄(12.1 ± 2.2) Ma (2)解释为自生伊利石的最小年龄,可能代表了油气成藏的最大年龄;而较高激光能量阶段坪年龄(98.0 ± 0.9) Ma则代表了砂岩中陆源碎屑长石的年龄。与传统K-Ar法相比,40Ar–39Ar法可以揭示伊利石样品更多的年代学信息。     

空间三维滑坡敏感性分区工具及其应用

对于滑坡敏感性分区目前有三种方法:定性法、统计法和基于岩土定量模型的确定性方法。定性法基于对滑坡敏感性或灾害评估的人为判断;统计法用一个来源于结合了权重因子的预测函数或指标;而确定性法,或者说是物理定量模型法以质量、能量和动量守恒定律为基础。二维确定性模型广泛用于土木工程设计,而无限边坡模型(一维)也用于滑坡灾害分区的确定性模型。文中提出了一个新的基于GIS(地理信息系统)的滑坡敏感性分区系统,这个系统可用于从复杂地形中确认可能的危险三维(3-D)滑坡体。所有与滑坡相关的空间数据(矢量或栅格数据)都被集成到这个系统中。通过把研究区域划分为边坡单元并假定初始滑动面是椭球的下半部分,并使用Monte Carlo随机搜索法,三维滑坡稳定性分析中的三维最危险滑面是三维安全系数最小的地方。使用近似方法假定有效凝聚力、有效摩擦角和三维安全系数服从正态分布,可以计算出滑坡失稳概率。3DSlopeGIS是一个计算机程序,它内嵌了GIS Developer kit(ArcObjects of ESRI)来实现GIS空间分析功能和有效的数据管理。应用此工具可以解决所有的三维边坡空间数据解问题。通过使用空间分析、数据管理和GIS的可视化功能来处理复杂的边坡数据,三维边坡稳定性问题很容易用一个友好的可视化图形界面来解决。将3DSlopeGIS系统应用到3个滑坡敏感性分区的实例中:第一个是一个城市规划项目,第二个是预测以往滑坡灾害对临近区域可能的影响,第三个则是沿着国家主干道的滑坡分区。基于足够次数的Monte Carlo模拟法,可以确认可能的最危险滑坡体。这在以往的传统边坡稳定性分析中是不可能的。     

北秦岭早古生代海相火山岩

本文对北秦岭早古生代海相火山岩的分布、时代进行了简介，对火山岩的层序及成分进行了讨论，确定了火山岩的系列、类型、名称及组合，分析了火山岩产出的构造环境及演化过程，估算了开合作用的距离、时间和速度，探讨了原始岩浆成分、岩浆来源和岩浆房深度及地幔类型，研究了岩浆的结晶温度及结晶顺序。     

Preservation of Lipid Molecular Fossils in the Sediments from an Oil-Gas Releasing Zone in the South China Sea

In order to explore the standing stock and preservation of organic carbon, different forms of compound specific lipids were analyzed, based on a 1.8 m sediment core collected in the northern continental shelf of South China Sea in May, 2016. In the core sediments, 21 species of fatty acids, 6 species of alcohols, 8 species of sterols and phytol were detected. Fatty acids were dominated components with the percent of 67%–91% in the total lipids, in which saturated fatty acid C16:0 accounted for about 50%. The contents of lipid species generally decreased from the sediments at surface to those deep, except alcohols waving in a certain range at the same time. Fatty acids primarily existed in free form, followed by base hydrolytic form, and then acid hydrolytic form. Free alcohols were obviously dominated, while base and acid hydrolytic forms contributed small comparably. Phytol gave a significant priority to base hydrolytic form, while acid hydrolytic form could be neglected. Similar to phytol, sterols mostly presented in base hydrolytic form, and then in free form. The compositions of lipids and their forms suggested that organic carbon basically originated from primary production in upper waters in studying area, and were well preserved in the sediments.     

长江中下游江湖水沙调控数值模拟

以长江中下游防洪系统为对象,在大型复杂防洪系统洪水运动数值模拟基础上,成功地将面向长江中下游防洪规划论证需求的洪水演进数学模型转化为面向长江防洪系统江湖水沙调控需求的长江中下游江湖水沙调控数学模型.为适应江湖水沙调控和评估的要求,提出了基于水动力学的闸坝调度计算模式.此外,还对河网分汊泥沙分配模式进行了深入研究.通过长江中下游防洪规划及其洞庭湖区"控支强干"方案论证模拟计算,较好地解决了防洪措施蓄泄后效评估和工程优化调控模式等关键难题,为防洪规划方案的制定提供了定量依据,主要成果已应用于长江中下游防洪规划方案.     

长毛对虾、短沟对虾和日本对虾的染色体研究

目前,利用高新技术,如实行生殖和遗传操作进行对虾品种改良的设想正在中国、美国、澳大利亚和日本等国加紧实施,但对虾遗传和生殖学研究尚欠深入,限制了这项研究的进展。其中对虾染色体知识的贫乏和研究技术的短缺就是突出的一例。     

New Variable Stars Discovered as By-product of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory Supernova Survey

The Beijing Astronomical Observatory (BAO) 0.6 m telescope has been used for nearby supernova survey in more than 3000 fields, covering a total area of 235 deg2. More than 260000 CCD images have been collected since April 1996, with 45 supernovae discovered. We searched for variables in about 90000 images taken during 1996-1998. For the fields in which long period variables (LPVs) were discovered, we reduced further images taken from 1999 to 2000, for the period estimation. Among the 280000 stars selected from the survey fields, i.e., brighter than 18 mag, we discovered seven new LPVs and reconfirmed three known LPVs. Additionally, we found 146 variable star candidates, and reconfirmed about 20 previously known or suspected objects.     

Performance of Hybrid SCA-RF and HHO-RF Models for Predicting Backbreak in Open-Pit Mine Blasting Operations

Natural Resources Research - Backbreak is an adverse phenomenon in blasting operation, which can cause, among others, mine walls instability, falling down of machinery, drilling efficiency...     

斑节对虾虾苗白斑综合症杆状病毒的检测和养殖跟踪

利用 2步 PCR检测技术对湛江和阳西地区的虾苗进行白斑综合病杆状病毒 ( WSSV)检测。在仔虾 2日龄最早检测到病毒 ,有 2 5%的虾苗带有 WSSV病毒。带病毒虾苗和不带病毒虾苗分别在不同养殖模式的养殖过程中跟踪。前者在湛江湖光镇普通虾塘跟踪养殖 ,它们在变化的环境中容易发病 ,p H、盐度和温度是重要的诱发因子 ,在养殖 50～ 60 d时发病死亡 ;后者在高位池和普通池养殖跟踪 ,它们对变化的环境有较大的适应性 ,养殖时间为 80～ 1 1 0 d,在相对优良的养殖技术条件下大部分可望养殖成功。环境中有 WSSV病原传入 ,不带病毒虾苗在养殖后期可以带有 WSSV病毒 ,出现白斑虾。跟踪的普通池有爆发病害 ,但是时间延后 ,跟踪的高位池没有爆发病害。     

Changing rainfall inputs in the Volta basin: implications for water sharing in Ghana

We present evidence from the analysis of gridded annual rainfall data that, increased variability and declining rainfall totals are the main cause of declining lake levels in the Volta basin above the Akosombo Dam. West Africa has undergone a period of diminished rainfall, punctuated by a series of severe droughts and marked by a shift in rainfall regime. As a result, lake levels behind the hydro-electric impoundment have fluctuated so widely at times that, power has had to be rationed. The trends in the spatial and temporal variability of annual rainfall in the riparian nations explain the low impoundment levels frequent in recent decades. The drying of Burkina Faso and Mali is particularly marked and synchronous to an apparent shift in the rainfall regime in Ghana towards a longer dry season and vanishing short dry spell, the effects which tend to negate each other. The various regional and temporal associations between El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO) are investigated as a possible cause of variation across the basin. The strengths of these associations and low frequency shifts suggest an unfortunate correspondence between national and climatological boundaries which may serve to heighten regional political tensions resulting from ENSO effects. Lack of re-investment in the Akosombo Dam as a result of management policies, political and pre-construction contractual agreements have all conspired in recent decades to make these hydro-climatological changes more devastating.