桌面式虚拟环境与真实环境中个体特征影响空间认知能力的差异分析

利用虚拟地理环境模拟、表达和重构客观真实环境是当前空间认知科学领域的主要试验研究范式之一.针对人们在虚拟环境和真实环境中的认知表现是否一致的问题,本文以桌面式虚拟环境和真实环境为试验场景设计对照试验,将空间认知分为格局认知、对象认知和空间响应3个维度,通过设计认知试验,分析两种环境下参与者的空间认知差异,探究个体特征对...     

Urban Residential Land Value Analysis： Case Danyang, China

The research attempts to find out how the location of the CBD(central business district), the dis- tance to the main roads, the distribution of the public facilities, and the urban land-use pattern influence the urban residential land value variations. The study begins by identifying the influences into two categories: general circumstance and micro/neighboring circumstances. Benchmark price and market land value are tested to be the results influenced by general circumstance and both the influential range and the influential force of individual land-use are investigated and compared. At last explicit case comparisons are also taken for testing the result. The finding of the research is not only useful for understanding the spatial patterns of land values, but also beneficial for the policy-makers concerning land administration and urban planning.     

Local and regional variations in Central American arc lavas controlled by variations in subducted sediment input

The sedimentary section (at DSDP Site 495) on the subducting Cocos Plate has large stratigraphic changes in incompatible elements and element ratios, the result of early carbonate deposition followed by late hemipelagic deposition. Lavas from Central America define both local and regional geochemical trends that reflect the strong influence of the two Cocos Plate sediment units. Element ratios with large stratigraphic variations on the Cocos Plate (e.g. Ba/Th, U/La) define local variations within individual volcanic centers in Central America, indicating that marine stratigraphy controls some geochemical characteristics of the lavas. These local trends can be explained by changing the proportions of hemipelagic sediment input into the magma generation process. These local trends are observed in all the segments of the arc, regardless of the intensity of the slab signature. Regional variations are most clearly seen in element ratios that are nearly constant through the Cocos Plate sediment stratigraphy (e.g. Ba/La, U/Th), suggesting that regional variations reflect differences in the intensity of the flux from the subducting slab. The slab signal is strongest in Nicaragua and along the volcanic front. The signal decreases to the northwest and southeast of Nicaragua and toward the back arc. The large slab signature in the lavas from western Nicaragua occurs in the area with the thinnest continental crust and steepest dip of the slab. The mass flux of incompatible elements into the system is easily estimated, except for elements, like Pb, that have high and variable abundances in the basaltic oceanic crust section. The mass flux of elements out of the system depends on eruption rates, which are variable along the arc and only approximately known. Comparison of input and output fluxes for five different segments of the arc reveals that some elements (K, B, Cs, and Rb) are very efficiently delivered to the volcanoes from the subducted slab. Other elements (Sr, Ba, and U) are returned to the surface with moderate efficiency, whereas some elements (REEs) may come mostly from the mantle wedge with minor slab contribution. The relative order of recycling efficiencies of incompatible elements implies that a hydrous fluid dominates the transfer of material from the slab to mantle. Received: 7 September 1998 / Accepted: 30 September 1999     

地球球观认知分析:以谷歌地球上的寻路任务为例

地理空间认知影响人类与空间相关的行为.本文提出了地球空间观(球观)的概念,以地球上不同区域找寻过程作为试验环境,研究被试者在数字地球球体(Google Earth)上如何进行定向、定位和目的地寻找,分析球观模式下对地球球体的空间认知过程.借助眼动仪记录的数据将被试者的读图过程可视化并且进行思维过程分析.结果发现,在地球球体上,结合了即时相对位置判断和方向定位的目的地搜寻过程是被试者球观建立过程的综合表现.     

Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of Intrusion in the Jinchangliang Gold Deposit, Inner Mongolia and Their Tectonic Significance

Discovered and mined in recent years, the Jinchangliang gold deposit has not yet been studied in its genetic type. In this paper, the geological features of ore deposit, S isotopic composition, metallogenic age and elements geochemical of the granite closely related to mineralization were discussed. The results of the geological features of ore deposit and S isotopic composition show that ore-bearing hydrothermal solution was closely related with the intrusion of magmatic. The granite is characteristic of high silica SiO_2=72.38%–72.98%, high aluminum and Al_2O_3=14.22%–14.35%, low calcium CaO=0.16% –0.26%, and low value of FeOT/MgO(6.86–7.73), and rich in alkalis Na_2O+K_2O=9.11%–9.24%, suggesting that it is high-K calc-alkaline, highly fractionated, weak aluminum A-type granite. The REE patterns are inclined to right and show intense fractionation between LREE and HREE, without obvious negative Eu anomaly(δEu=0.80–0.84). The primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams are characterized by depletion of Ba, U, Ta, Nb, Zr, Ti and P, which implies that the granite has the characteristics of the crust-mantle mixing. S isotopes also indicate that the material source of gold deposit is closely related to the granite rocks. The LA-ICP-MS Zircon UPb age of the Damiao rock mass medium-fine grained monzogranite(belonging to the early IndoChina) is(245±1) Ma. It shows that Jinchangliang gold deposit was not formed in Yanshanian, but the early Indo-China. Specifically speaking, the deposit was formed in the collision stage of the North China plate and the Siberian plate.     

典型山区农户生计资本评价及其空间格局——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例

以四川省凉山州彝族自治州(凉山州)为例,运用熵值法和聚类分析法将其生计资本划分成较高、中等和较低三级,并将各县(市)农户生计资本划分成不同的类型。在此基础上,对农户生计资本的空间格局特征进行研究,结果表明:1.生计资本的空间差异特征明显。农户生计资本分布与凉山州地理资源条件空间位置有较强的藕合性,安宁河流域的"五县一市"农户生计资本存量水平均高于其他县域;县域生计资本空间差异十分显著,农户生计资本表现出较强的空间聚集性。2.农户生计资本存量与少数民族人口空间分布呈极强的负相关,即凉山州少数民族(或彝族)集中分布区与生计资本的低值区基本相重合。3.农户生计资本存量与交通优势度之间呈强的正相关,与地形起伏度呈中度负相关。4.农户生计资本总量与农民人均纯收入之间呈极强的正相关。     

Shells of Paphia undulata (Bivalvia) from the South China Sea as potential proxy archives of the East Asian summer monsoon: a sclerochronological calibration study

The climate of the South China Sea is dominated by the East Asian monsoon (EAM) system. Existing paleoclimate reconstructions offered an excellent insight into longer-term EAM variations. However, due to a lack of appropriate high-resolution paleoclimate data, relatively little is known about the frequency and strength of EAM extremes during the Holocene. To evaluate and establish a potential proxy archive for past variations of the EAM on shorter time-scales, we have carried out a calibration study on shells of the bivalve mollusk, Paphia undulata (Born 1778) from Daya Bay, China. This species has a short lifespan (3 years). Shells grow uninterruptedly between February/March and mid-November and are formed near oxygen isotopic (δ¹⁸O) equilibrium with the ambient environment. Shell growth patterns, δ¹⁸O_shell and δ¹³C_shell values, can be used to estimate the relative amount of precipitation and terrestrial runoff. Therefore, shells of this species can provide reliable, sub-seasonally resolved data on past East Asian summer monsoon strengths. The feasibility of this method has been tested with two Holocene shells from sediment cores taken from the nearby Beibu Gulf. A rather peculiar finding is that shell growth of P. undulata seems to be largely uncoupled to measured local environmental variables. Growth rates are negatively correlated to seawater temperature and chlorophyll a levels and positively to salinity. It is hypothesized here that extraordinary fast shell growth in early spring (February/March; low temperature and primary productivity) are facilitated by preserved energy resources, ensuring that the bivalve quickly reaches the predation window and the required size for reproduction.     

5月南亚高压与云南地区夏季降水的关系

应用1961—2012年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料和云南124个测站逐月降水资料,分析了5月南亚高压与云南夏季降水的关系,发现高压脊线位置与降水有显著的相关。利用滤波处理和合成分析方法,分析了5月南亚高压脊线位置变化及其异常与云南夏季降水异常的联系。结果表明:5月南亚高压脊线位置偏北(南)时,夏季云南降水偏多(少);5月南亚高压脊线位置和云南夏季降水都存在显著的年代际变化,去除年代际变化影响之后两者之间的年际变化相关较为显著。5月南亚高压脊线位置偏北年,夏季南亚高压强度偏弱、范围偏小,500 hPa上西太平洋副高东移南压、强度减弱。低层700 hPa上副高西伸加强、云南上空出现明显的风场辐合,反之亦然。5月脊线位置偏北年,夏季南海和西太平洋向云南输送水汽,而脊线偏南年没有明显的水汽来源。     

利用3D_DP和Quad_TIN的地形实时动态显示算法研究

将地貌综合的三维Douglas-Peucker方法引入到地形LOD中,通过构建Quad_TIN模型,提出了一种地形实时动态显示的新算法。该算法首先从全局重要性角度将不规则采样点分级;再利用孤立分割的方式建立四叉树空间索引,结合了规则格网的四叉树结构和不规则采样点的TIN结构在虚拟表达中的优势,并消除了节点间的依赖关系;然后,根据视距和模拟误差确定四叉树的绘制层次和插入采样点的顺序及数量;最后,通过添加拆分点消除节点间裂隙。实验表明,该算法在保证地形表达速度的同时提高了模拟精度,对其他模型的LOD表达也是一种借鉴。     

自标定法在低频振动传感器参数校准中的应用

介绍了自标定法在低频振动传感器参数校准中的应用,阐述了该方法用于校准的理论依据及适用范围,并将自标定法获得的校准数据和用振动标准装置获得的校准数据进行了比较,通过实测数据证实了自标定法的标定结果在一定的频率范围内是可信的.由于自标定法不需要复杂的标定设备,简单方便,因此具有较好的实用价值.最后,分析了自标定法的误差来源...