长江三角洲气象数据实时共享技术研究与实现

通过基于数据超市理念的气象数据实时共享技术研究,首次建成上海、浙江、江苏、安徽三省一市间互联互通的长江三角洲(长三角)气象数据实时共享平台。该平台设计并使用标准规范体系,建立基于分布式的数据管理模式,采用多层系统架构,实现物理上分布、逻辑上统一的长三角区域气象数据资源组织与共享。能有效支持短临天气预报对实时数据的高时效要求,支持灾害性天气移动观测、加密观测业务的数据共享,提高气象数据实时共享效率,降低数据更新分发的难度。     

临汾—运城盆地上古生界演化、改造及油气资源潜力分析

临汾—运城盆地位于山西省中南部,属新生代汾渭地堑系的一部分。以往勘探表明,该地区新生界缺乏有效烃源岩和有利生油条件,油气资源潜力不容乐观。但近年来邻区鄂尔多斯盆地、沁水盆地等上古生界天然气勘探的持续突破,为该地区前新生界油气勘探提供了重要启示。本文通过地震、重磁资料解释,并结合近年来区内钻孔资料,较全面地刻画了盆地上古生界的赋存分布状况,指出石炭系—二叠系主要分布在临汾坳陷中—北部和峨嵋隆起区西北部。由周邻露头资料推测,该盆地上古生界煤系烃源岩较为发育,有机质达到中等—高成熟演化阶段。结合后期改造、埋藏史和生烃史模拟、保存条件分析等,认为盆地北部临汾凹陷为煤层气或常规天然气勘探的较有利选区。     

锦屏一级水电站引渠内侧自然边坡的稳定性

层状岩体顺层滑动但却存在反倾的后缘结构面的边坡稳定性研究尚未见到具体讨论。本文采用了数值模拟方法对锦屏一级水电站引渠内侧边坡的稳定性进行了分析,通过结构面参数折减法,求得该边坡稳定性系数为1.191,后端岩体对前端不稳定体不存在推力。通过数值分析方法和极限平衡法对结构面相关参数的敏感性进行了分析对比,对比表明采用参数折减法的数值分析方法结果可靠。本文为类似复杂岩体边坡稳定性判定提供参考。     

添加剂对KAlSi_3O_8-CaSO_4-CaCO_3体系反应表观活化能的影响

首先测定了KAlSi3O8-CaSO4-CaCO3体系在不同焙烧条件下钾长石转化成可溶性氧化钾的转化率,进而通过模拟计算表明:KAlSi3O8-CaSO4-CaCO3体系的固相扩散动力学过程符合金斯特林格动力学方程,反应表观活化能Ea为128.92kJ/mol。并着重考察了4种添加剂Na2SO4、Na2SO3、NaCl和NaF对KAlSi3O8-CaSO4-CaCO3体系的影响,结果表明:向体系中分别加入占反应物总质量3%的Na2SO4、Na2SO3、NaCl和1%的NaF后,体系的反应表观活化能Ea从原来的128.92kJ/mol依次下降至87.15、98.71、117.38和126.14kJ/mol,这表明4种添加剂中Na2SO4的效果最好,它能较大程度上降低反应表观活化能,从而降低反应温度和提高固相反应速率。     

THE RESEARCH OF THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF THE LUSHAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON THE SYNTHESIS OF THE DEEP SEISMIC DATA AND THE SURFACE TECTONIC DEFORMATION

The seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake has remained in suspensed until now. Several faults or tectonics, including basal slipping zone, unknown blind thrust fault and piedmont buried fault, etc, are all considered as the possible seismogenic structure. This paper tries to make some new insights into this unsolved problem. Firstly, based on the data collected from the dynamic seismic stations located on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault deployed by the Institute of Earthquake Science from 2008 to 2009 and the result of the aftershock relocation and the location of the known faults on the surface, we analyze and interpret the deep structures. Secondly, based on the terrace deformation across the main earthquake zone obtained from the dirrerential GPS meaturement of topography along the Qingyijiang River, combining with the geological interpretation of the high resolution remote sensing image and the regional geological data, we analyze the surface tectonic deformation. Furthermore, we combined the data of the deep structure and the surface deformation above to construct tectonic deformation model and research the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Preliminarily, we think that the deformation model of the Lushan earthquake is different from that of the northern thrust segment ruptured in the Wenchuan earthquake due to the dip angle of the fault plane. On the southern segment, the main deformation is the compression of the footwall due to the nearly vertical fault plane of the frontal fault, and the new active thrust faults formed in the footwall. While on the northern segment, the main deformation is the thrusting of the hanging wall due to the less steep fault plane of the central fault. An active anticline formed on the hanging wall of the new active thrust fault, and the terrace surface on this anticline have deformed evidently since the Quaterary, and the latest activity of this anticline caused the Lushan earthquake, so the newly formed active thrust fault is probably the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake. Huge displacement or tectonic deformation has been accumulated on the fault segment curved towards southeast from the Daxi country to the Taiping town during a long time, and the release of the strain and the tectonic movement all concentrate on this fault segment. The Lushan earthquake is just one event during the whole process of tectonic evolution, and the newly formed active thrust faults in the footwall may still cause similar earthquake in the future.     

Transition-region explosive events produced by plasmoid instability

Magnetic reconnection is thought to be a key process in most solar eruptions. Thanks to highresolution observations and simulations, the studied scale of the reconnection process has become smaller and smaller. Spectroscopic observations show that the reconnection site can be very small, which always exhibits a bright core and two extended wings with fast speeds, i.e., transition-region explosive events.In this paper, using the PLUTO code, we perform a 2-D magnetohydrodynamic simulation to investigate small-scale reconnection in double current sheets. Based on our simulation results, such as the line-of-sight velocity, number density and plasma temperature, we can synthesize the line profile of SiIV 1402.77? which is a well known emission line used to study transition-region explosive events on the Sun. The synthetic line profile of Si IV 1402.77? is complex with a bright core and two broad wings which can extend to nearly 200 km s^-1. Our simulation results suggest that the transition-region explosive events on the Sun are produced by plasmoid instability during small-scale magnetic reconnection.     

硫和氧同位素示踪黄河及支流河水硫酸盐来源

为了准确识别河水硫酸盐受自然风化和人为活动影响的过程,做好地表水资源管理,选择黄河小浪底水库以下干流和支流河水为主要研究对象,分期采集河水样品,采用硫酸盐硫和氧同位素,结合水化学组成及潜在硫酸盐来源硫和氧同位素范围,判定黄河及支流河水硫酸盐的来源及混入比例。结果表明:① 研究区黄河河水硫酸盐主要来源于第四纪黄土中易溶硫酸盐,干流河水SO₄2-含量均值为2.23 mmol/L,δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4均值分别为+8.9‰和+10.4‰;② 研究区沁河丰水期河水硫酸盐24%来源于大气降水,61%来源于土壤硫酸盐溶解,15%来自于石膏溶解;平水期河水硫酸盐39%来源于大气降水,36%来源于土壤硫酸盐溶解,25%来源于石膏溶解。沁河河水SO₄2-含量均值为2.44 mmol/L,δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4均值分别为+9.8‰和+9.7‰;③ 研究区洛河河水硫酸盐受生活污水影响较大,伊河河水硫酸盐受到土壤硫酸盐溶解和化学肥料溶解的共同影响,伊洛河河水SO₄2-含量均值为1.27 mmol/L,δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4均值分别为+10.4‰和+6.5‰。蒸发盐类矿物溶解以及土壤硫酸盐溶解等自然风化过程是控制区域河水硫酸盐来源的重要过程,人为活动对伊洛河河水硫酸盐的贡献不容忽视。     

填土表面倾斜时的主动土压力计算

支护结构工程中,当坡顶填土表面倾斜时,无法采用常规的土压力理论进行计算。探讨了《建筑边坡工程技术规范》存在的问题,提出了推荐方法。通过算例验证了推荐方法,具有计算简单、计算结果合理的优点,可供工程设计中参考使用。     

Microwave Simulations of Precipitation Distribution with Two Radiative Transfer Models

Two microwave radiative transfer models of precipitating cloud are used to simulate the microwave upwelling radiances emerging from precipitating clouds. Comparison of the simulation results shows that significant difference of microwave upwelling radiances exists between these two radiative transfer models. Analysis of these differences in different cloud and precipitation conditions shows that it is complicated but has certain trend for different microwave frequencies. The results may be useful to quantitative rainfall rate retrieval of real precipitating clouds.     

Variability in bedform morphology and kinematics with transport stage

Bedform geometry is widely recognized to be a function of transport stage. Bedform aspect ratio (height/length) increases with transport stage, reaches a maximum, then decreases as bedforms washout to a plane bed. Bedform migration rates are also linked to bedform geometry, in so far as smaller bedforms in coarser sediment tend to migrate faster than larger bedforms in finer sediment. However, how bedform morphology (height, length and shape) and kinematics (translation and deformation) change with transport stage and suspension have not been examined. A series of experiments is presented where initial flow depth and grain size were held constant and the transport stage was varied to produce bedload dominated, mixed‐load dominated and suspended‐load dominated conditions. The results show that the commonly observed pattern in bedform aspect ratio occurs because bedform height increases then decreases with transport stage, against a continuously increasing bedform length. Bedform size variability increased with transport stage, leading to less uniform bedform fields at higher transport stage. Total translation‐related and deformation‐related sediment fluxes all increased with transport stage. However, the relative contribution to the total flux changed. At the bedload dominated stage, translation‐related and deformation‐related flux contributed equally to the total flux. As the transport stage increased, the fraction of the total load contributed by translation increased and the fraction contributed by deformation declined because the bedforms got bigger and moved faster. At the suspended‐load dominated transport stage, the deformation flux increased and the translation flux decreased as a fraction of the total load, approaching one and zero, respectively, as bedforms washed out to a plane bed.