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981.
本文探索了网络化环境下,利用现代化的信息技术,对地震科技信息资源集成整合以及共建共享等问题。 相似文献
982.
山东济南和新泰馒头组中浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本特征及其大地构造意义 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
馒头组是华北地台盖层的重要组成之一,以陆源细碎屑岩为主夹碳酸盐岩。前人研究认为馒头组是滨海沼泽相、潮坪—泻湖相和沿岸滩坝相沉积组合。我们首次在济南和新泰地区馒头组中发现浊积岩和滑塌堆积组合,表明华北地台早寒武世沉积组合形成于深海半深海浅海中,曾存在古斜坡和构造隆升作用。详细研究浊积岩和滑塌堆积的基本地质特征,不仅对于进一步认识华北地台古生代古地貌特征以及古潜山的形成和演化具有重要意义,而且可为渤海湾盆地中古潜山成因以及潜山油气资源勘探提供借鉴。 相似文献
983.
984.
985.
Integrated method of RS and GPR for monitoring the changes in the soil moisture and groundwater environment due to underground coal mining 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Zhengfu Bian Shaogang Lei Hilary I. Inyang Luqun Chang Richen Zhang Chengjun Zhou Xiao He 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):131-142
Mining affects the environment in different ways depending on the physical context in which the mining occurs. In mining areas
with an arid environment, mining affects plants’ growth by changing the amount of available water. This paper discusses the
effects of mining on two important determinants of plant growth—soil moisture and groundwater table (GWT)—which were investigated
using an integrated approach involving a field sampling investigation with remote sensing (RS) and ground-penetrating radar
(GPR). To calculate and map the distribution of soil moisture for a target area, we initially analyzed four models for regression
analysis between soil moisture and apparent thermal inertia and finally selected a linear model for modeling the soil moisture
at a depth 10 cm; the relative error of the modeled soil moisture was about 6.3% and correlation coefficient 0.7794. A comparison
of mined and unmined areas based on the results of limited field sampling tests or RS monitoring of Landsat 5-thermatic mapping
(TM) data indicated that soil moisture did not undergo remarkable changes following mining. This result indicates that mining
does not have an effect on soil moisture in the Shendong coal mining area. The coverage of vegetation in 2005 was compared
with that in 1995 by means of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) deduced from TM data, and the results showed
that the coverage of vegetation in Shendong coal mining area has improved greatly since 1995 because of policy input RMB¥0.4
per ton coal production by Shendong Coal Mining Company. The factor most affected by coal mining was GWT, which dropped from
a depth of 35.41 m before mining to a depth of 43.38 m after mining at the Bulianta Coal Mine based on water well measurements.
Ground-penetrating radar at frequencies of 25 and 50 MHz revealed that the deepest GWT was at about 43.4 m. There was a weak
water linkage between the unsaturated zone and groundwater, and the decline of water table primarily resulted from the well
pumping for mining safety rather than the movement of cracking strata. This result is in agreement with the measurements of
the water wells. The roots of nine typical plants in the study area were investigated. Populus was found to have the deepest
root system with a depth of about 26 m. Based on an assessment of plant growth demands and the effect of mining on environmental
factors, we concluded that mining will have less of an effect on plant growth at those sites where the primary GWT depth before
mining was deep enough to be unavailable to plants. If the primary GWT was available for plant growth before mining, especially
to those plants with deeper roots, mining will have a significant effect on the growth of plants and the mechanism of this
effect will include the loss of water to roots and damage to the root system. 相似文献
986.
Jingbo Zhao Changyan Wang Zhangdong Jin Guizhen Sun Jun Xiao 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1753-1760
Two springs (Cuihua Spring, Shuiqiuchi Spring) in Cuihua Mountain of the Qinling Mountains were observed and sampled monthly
during 2004 and 2005 to trace their physical properties and chemical compositions with seasons. Although both pH values and
cation (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) contents of Cuihua Spring are higher than those of Shuiqiuchi Spring, seasonal variations in both springs are obvious. The
pH values of both spring waters are between 5.69 and 6.98, lower than that of rainwater during summer and autumn. From January
to November, the pH values of both springs similarly vary from high to low and then to high again. Variations in electric
conductivities of two spring waters are contrary, although their electric conductivities are positively correlative with the
cation content respectively. This can be attributed to different water sources of the two springs or different acidic rocks
they passed. The contents of HCO3
−, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+ are low, indicating a low silicate weathering that the strata in this district are mainly composed of granite and schist
of quartz and mica. Differing from change in spring water in karst regions of South China where abundant precipitation and
dilution of rainwater cause low pH and electric conductivity in summer and autumn, the seasonal variations in the pH values
and the electric conductivities of two springs in Qinling Mountains are attributed to seasonal changes in CO2 produced by microorganisms’ activity in soil within respective year, rather than rainfall. The microorganisms’ activity in
soil produces more CO2 during summer and autumn. Therefore, the water nature of springs in silicate regions chiefly reflects the seasonal changes
of CO2 produced by the microorganisms in soil. 相似文献
987.
Contamination,chemical speciation and vertical distribution of heavy metals in soils of an old and large industrial zone in Northeast China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Fayun Li Zhiping Fan Pengfei Xiao Kokyo Oh Xiping Ma Wei Hou 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1815-1823
Heavy metal pollution of soils has become a major concern in China as a consequence of rapid urbanization and industrialization
in recent years. However, the evaluation on soil heavy metal pollution in Shenyang, the largest heavy industrial base city
in China, has not yet been conducted. In this study, accumulation, chemical speciation, and vertical distribution Cu, Zn,
Pb and Cd in soils were studied and pollution condition was assessed in Tiexi Industrial District of Shenyang, the largest
and oldest industrial zone in Northeastern China. The results showed that in topsoil, the average concentration of total Cu,
Zn, Pb, and Cd was 209.06, 599.92, 470.19 and 8.59 mg kg−1, respectively, much higher than the national threshold limit. The values of pollution index and integrated pollution index
showed that the pollution level was Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, and Cd, Cu and Zn belong to heavy pollution level. The residual, Fe
and Mn oxide-bound, and organic-bound species accounted for about 90%, while carbonate-bound and exchangeable species accounted
for about 10%. This study indicates that the soils in the industrial zone were widely and extremely polluted by multi-heavy
metals as a result of long-term industrial activities. 相似文献
988.
The occurrence and development of riparian forests, which were mainly dominated by mesophytes species related closely with
surface water. Since there was no water discharged to the lower reaches of Tarim River in the past three decade years, the
riparian forests degrade severely. The groundwater table, the saline content of the groundwater, as well as the content of
free proline, soluble sugars, plant endogenous hormones (abscisic acid (ABA), and cytokinins (CTK)) of the leaves and relative
rates of sap flow of the Populus euphratica Oliv. (arbor species), Tamarix ramosissima Ldb. (bush species), and Apocynum venetum L. (herb species) were monitored and analyzed at the lower reaches of the Tarim River in the study area where five positions
on a transect were fixed at 100 m intervals along a sampling direction from riverbank to the sand dunes before and after water
release. The physiological responses and acclimation strategies of three species to variations in water and salinity stress
were discussed. It was found that A. venetum population recovered to groundwater table ranging from −1.73 to −3.56 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater
ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L; P. euphratica appeared to be more sensitive to the elevation of groundwater table than the A. venetum and T. ramosissima at groundwater table ranging from −5.08 to −5.80 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 42.17
to 49.55 m mol/L. T. ramosissima tended to be the best candidate species for reclamation in this hyper-arid area because it responded to groundwater table
ranging from −1.73 to −7.05 m, and when exposed to saline content of the groundwater ranging from 36.59 to 93.48 m mol/L.
These results explained the distribution patterns of desert vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Understanding
the relationships among ecological factors variables, physiological response and acclimation strategies of plant individuals
could provide guidance to sustainable management, reclamation and development of this and similar regions. 相似文献
989.
利用中国太阳分光观测网的观测资料结合MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)的气溶胶产品分析了北京、兰州、上海3个典型区域城市的气溶胶光学特性。结果表明:北京AOD(气溶胶光学厚度)年平均为0.41±0.35,春夏高,秋冬低,Angstrm波长指数α年平均为1.40±0.85表现为细模态粒子,MODIS的光学厚度为0.52±0.39与地面观测相关系数为0.91,存在系统性高估;兰州AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,夏季最低,秋冬较高,α年平均为0.95±0.20表现为粗模态粒子,MODIS光学厚度为0.43±0.21与地面观测相关系数仅为0.07,存在系统性低估;上海AOD年平均为0.55±0.21,无明显季节变化,α平均为1.03±0.25,MODIS光学厚度为0.74±0.30与地面观测相关系数为0.75,存在系统性高估。城市地理位置和复杂地表等原因造成反照率的不确定,MODIS气溶胶产品在这3个城市的反演效果仍有很大提升空间。 相似文献
990.
利用1979~2013年NCEP再分析数据,通过经验正交分解对比了前冬时期北大西洋风暴轴的高低空分布,并用涡动动能(Eddy Kinetic Energy,EKE)方程对风暴轴高低空分布型差异进行了诊断。研究结果表明:上层和下层第一空间分布型差异巨大,对流层下层风暴轴中心偏北,靠近极地,而上层风暴轴中心偏西南,靠近北美沿岸。EKE方程诊断结果表明:正压转换项在高低空符号相反,导致了EKE在上、下层分布出现显著差异,即上层正压转换项为负,在扰动发展中起能量耗散作用,而下层正压转换项为正,且极大值区域对应下层EKE极大值区域,为风暴轴下层向极区域增强的主要原因。而斜压转换和非地转位势通量散度在上层均为正,且远大于下层,为风暴轴上层涡动能量维持的原因,也从涡动能量收支上解释了风暴轴的主体出现在上层。 相似文献