三个牙鲆育种群体亲本效应及遗传参数估计

针对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)养殖品种生长速度变慢、抗病力降低这一问题。近年来构建了牙鲆抗病群体(RS)、日本群体(JS)和黄海群体(YS)3个育种群体,开展牙鲆选择育种,建立了63个家系,收集了所有家系5 328尾鱼苗的体长和体重数据。借助线形混合模型(Linear mixedmodel)、"加性-显性"模型、约束极大似然法(REML)及最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)分别估计亲本效应值、体重和体长遗传力和遗传相关、父母本效应和杂交效应。预测结果显示,其中父本130,141,146,170,218,229,303和308随机效应达到了极显著效应水平(P<0.01),父本112,122,141,190,212达到显著水平(P<0.05),所有母本体重随机效应达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);体长和体重两性状的加性、显性、表型和基因型相关分量都达到极显著水平(P<0.01),体长和体重的加性方差比率均大于显性方差比率,可见两性状的遗传效应主要取决于基因的加性效应。体长的总遗传效应率为31.20%,体重的总遗传效应率为33.58%,体长和体重的随机方差比率分别达到68.80%和66.41%,说明养殖环境等因素对牙鲆体长和体重的影响较大,同时说明在牙鲆选择育种中消除环境影响极为重要。体长和体重的狭义遗传率分别为0.199和0.256(P<0.01),广义遗传率分别为0.312和0.336(P<0.01),牙鲆在以上两性状上属于中等遗传力,通过选择育种可取得较大的遗传进展。对3个牙鲆育种群体杂交随机效应估计结果显示,抗病群体和黄海群体在体长和体重两性状上加性随机效应显著(P<0.05);抗病群体分别与日本群体、黄海群体杂交,其后代表现出显性随机效应达到0.10的水平(P<0.10),黄海群体自交、日本群体和黄海群体杂交随机效应不显著(P>0.05),因此在杂交组配中选择抗病群体与其他两个群体交配可取得较好的效果。     

一种污水排海的近远区计算与控制方法──以大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海为例

针对点容量计算中混合区限制的要求，采用了动量积分法、经验公式法和有限差分法，分别对污水排放后可能引起的近区、过渡区和远区的污水浓度变化进行了模拟预测，并就一定的限制性条件对容量点近区、高浓度混合区及容量点远区影响范围进行了分析。在大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海规划中的应用表明，该法具有计算机时较省、精度相对较高等优点。     

基于标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）的毛乌素沙地1981—2020年干旱特征研究

大气干旱是影响半干旱沙区植被建设、生态恢复及社会经济可持续发展的重要因素。基于1981—2020年毛乌素沙地10个气象站点的逐月气象资料,计算了月、季和年尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）,分析了该沙区近40年降水和气温的变化趋势、干旱事件及其频率的时空特征。结果表明：（1）毛乌素沙地近40年降水量和气温均呈现显著的上升趋势（P<0.05）;秋季和冬季降水量呈现显著的上升趋势（P<0.05）,四季气温均呈现显著的上升趋势（P<0.05）。（2）毛乌素沙地总体上呈现出不显著的湿润化趋势（P>0.05）,但秋季呈显著的湿润化趋势（P<0.05）;中、西部地区呈现出湿润化趋势,而东部地区则呈现干旱化趋势。（3）近40年毛乌素沙地的月尺度下干旱总频率达32.71%,各等级发生频率为轻旱>中旱>重旱>特旱,季节发生频次为冬季>夏季、秋季>春季;轻旱主要发生在毛乌素沙地的北部、中部、东南和西南部,中旱在东部、北部和西部边缘,重旱在东部、中部以及南部地区,特旱在西北部、南部和东南部区域。     

Dynamic Performance Investigation of A Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine Under Different Sea Conditions

Both numerical calculation and model test are important techniques to study and forecast the dynamic responses of the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). However, both the methods have their own limitations at present. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 5 MW OC3 spar-type floating wind turbine designed for a water depth of 200 m are numerically investigated and validated by a 1:50 scaled model test. Moreover, the discrepancies between the numerical calculations and model tests are obtained and discussed. According to the discussions, it is found that the surge and pitch are coupled with the mooring tensions, but the heave is independent of them. Surge and pitch are mainly induced by wave under wind wave conditions. Wind and current will induce the low-frequency average responses, while wave will induce the fluctuation ranges of the responses. In addition, wave will induce the wavefrequency responses but wind and current will restrain the ranges of the responses.     

The Influence of Two Kinds of El Niño Events on the Strong Tropical Cyclone Generation and Strength in the Pacific Ocean

This paper focuses on the effects of two types of El Niño events on tropical cyclone activity. We classified El Niño events from 1961 to 2015 according to their sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies into an eastern type and a central type. Then we selected strong tropical cyclones to statistically analyze the tropical cyclone characteristics during different events and their effects, as well as to study the possible mechanisms related to thermodynamic and dynamic factors. The tropical cyclone generation areas were found to be very similar during the two kinds of events. The average number of tropical cyclone in the eastern event is more than that in central event, and the hurricane in northeastern Pacific (HNP) has more energy than the typhoon in northwestern Pacific (TNP) in all cases. The seasonal distribution of the TNP high-incidence centers during central El Niño events is opposite to that of the HNP. The TNP accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) intensity is similar in the fall and summer, and the HNP ACE intensity in the summer is greater than that in the fall. The SSTs are consistent with the TNP and HNP movement trends. The Walker circulation intensity was strongly affected by the eastern events, but it quickly returned to its normal state, while the intensity was slightly reduced in the central events, and it slowly returned to its normal state. The vertical velocity distributions in the Pacific are different at different stages of both events, and the distributions of vertical velocity anomalies for typhoons and hurricanes are consistent.     

局域椭圆偏振光束强聚焦性质的研究

数值计算了局域椭圆偏振光束强聚焦时在焦平面上的横向场强分布、纵向场强分布、横向能流以及纵向角动量分布.结果显示在焦平面上光束总的纵向角动量为零,但在不同象限光束具有不同方向的纵向角动量.当相位延迟角度在0到π之间变化时横向场强分布基本不变,但纵向场强分布有很明显的变化.液晶相位延迟器由外部电压控制,使其相位延迟角度能在0到π之间可以连续取值.因而液晶相位延迟器的外接电压可以实现对焦平面上的纵向场强以及纵向角动量的实时调控.     

大 陆 岩 石 圈 研 究

大陆岩石圈和大洋岩石圈有着深刻的差别，运用板块构造理论和模式研究大陆岩石圈会遇到许多特殊的问题。本文从陆缘演化和多个板块构造旋回叠加两方面做了初步探讨，提出岩浆型被动陆缘是独立的一类古陆缘；在辨认后续板块构造旋回叠加中，新构造成分和格局的确定有重要意义。本文还讨论了汲取大陆地质研究经验，在新的学科水平上重新解释传统大地构造学中一些有用概念的意义。     

论当前我国北西部铀矿勘查关键技术

本文提出当前我国北西部铀矿勘查两项关键技术──中国北西部寻找大型超大型可地浸砂岩铀矿勘查技术和找矿勘探过程中地浸可行性评价技术，并论述了技术内容和技术开发目标。两项关键技术的开发研究和落实对扩大我国铀矿资源有现实意义。     

疏勒河断裂中段VLF响应特点及地质解释

疏勒河断裂带中段为一隐伏基底断裂。由于规模较大，并且充填了低阻的构造角砾岩，因此对ＶＬＦ有很好的响应。本文分析了该构造的ＶＬＦ响应特点，指出在本区用ＶＬＦ方法寻找隐伏构造的有效性和局限性。     

Chemical and Strontium Isotopic Compositions of the Hanjiang Basin Rivers in China: Anthropogenic Impacts and Chemical Weathering

The Hanjiang River, the largest tributaries of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, is the water source area of the Middle Route of China’s South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The chemical and strontium isotopic compositions of the river waters are determined with the main purpose of understanding the contribution of chemical weathering processes and anthropogenic inputs on river solutes, as well as the associated CO₂ consumption in the carbonate-dominated basin. The major ion compositions of the Hanjiang River waters are characterized by the dominance of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻, followed by Mg²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻. The increase in TDS and major anions (Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, and SO₄ ²⁻) concentrations from upstream to downstream is ascribed to both extensive influences from agriculture and domestic activities over the Hanjiang basin. The chemical and Sr isotopic analyses indicate that three major weathering sources (dolomite, limestone, and silicates) contribute to the total dissolved loads. The contributions of the different end-members to the dissolved load are calculated with the mass balance approach. The calculated results show that the dissolved load is dominated by carbonates weathering, the contribution of which accounts for about 79.4% for the Hanjiang River. The silicate weathering and anthropogenic contributions are approximately 12.3 and 6.87%, respectively. The total TDS fluxes from chemical weathering calculated for the water source area (the upper Hanjiang basin) and the whole Hanjiang basin are approximately 3.8 × 10⁶ and 6.1 × 10⁶ ton/year, respectively. The total chemical weathering (carbonate and silicate) rate for the Hanjiang basin is approximately 38.5 ton/km²/year or 18.6 mm/k year, which is higher than global mean values. The fluxes of CO₂ consumption by carbonate and silicate weathering are estimated to be 56.4 × 10⁹ and 12.9 × 10⁹ mol/year, respectively.