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241.
242.
Chengjing Nie Hairong Li Linsheng Yang Shaohong Wu Yi Liu Yongfeng Liao 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(2):425-439
Spatial and temporal changes in flood events in China are becoming increasingly important due to the rapid climate warming that is occurring. This study was conducted to consider changes in flood events and the factors affecting such changes. To accomplish this, China was divided into natural and social-economic flood regions: north China, northwest China, northeast China, southwest China, central China, east China, south China, and Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. Spatial and temporal changes in flood patterns were rebuilt during 1980?C2009, and Fast Fourier Transform Filtering was then employed to stimulate the changes in floods during this period. The factors affecting flooding were then analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that, based on the time series for China as a whole, flooding was more serious during 1990?C1999 than 1980?C1989 and 2000?C2009. However, in different regions, the trends in flooding differed greatly. Based on spatial changes, the areas hardest hit by floods were northeast China in the 1980s, northeast China, central China and east China in the 1990s, and central China after 2000. In China, the main flood-affecting factors were meteorological, ecological, population, water conservation facilities, and policy factors. However, the main affecting factors differed by region. Overall, the complex spatial and temporal features of flood variations and various affecting factors demand proper national and regional governmental action in the face of the changing flood patterns in China. The results of the present study provide valuable information to flood policymakers and flood disaster researchers. 相似文献
243.
西天山CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化镁铁-超镁铁杂岩 ——哈拉达拉岩体成岩成矿背景特殊性讨论 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
西天山哈拉达拉镁铁-超镁铁杂岩为一CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化岩体,主要由橄长岩、橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩、辉长岩和辉绿岩组成。获得岩体中橄榄辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为308.8±1.9Ma,辉长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄307.3±8.2Ma。岩石具堆晶结构、辉长-辉绿结构,岩体韵律层发育;各类岩石稀土和微量元素配分曲线模式相似,多具Eu,Sr正异常,它们可能为同一岩浆结晶分异演化的产物;Sr-Nd同位素特征(87Sr/86Sr初始比值=0.703913~0.705259,εNd(t)=4.00~8.42)表明原始岩浆来自于亏损地幔源区。推测哈拉达拉岩体形成于后碰撞造山早期伸展环境、叠加近同期地幔柱活动的特殊地质背景中。 相似文献
244.
Assessment of shallow landslides from Hurricane Mitch in central America using a physically based model 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Shallow landslides induced by heavy rainfall events represent one of the most disastrous hazards in mountainous regions because
of their high frequency and rapid mobility. Recent advancements in the availability and accessibility of remote sensing data,
including topography, land cover and precipitation products, allow landslide hazard assessment to be considered at larger
spatial scales. A theoretical framework for a landslide forecasting system was prototyped in this study using several remotely
sensed and surface parameters. The applied physical model SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) takes into account
some simplified hypotheses on water infiltration and defines a direct relation between factor of safety and the rainfall depth
on an infinite slope. This prototype model is applied to a case study in Honduras during Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Two study
areas were selected where a high density of shallow landslides occurred, covering approximately 1,200 km2. The results were quantitatively evaluated using landslide inventory data compiled by the United States Geological Survey
(USGS) following Hurricane Mitch’s landfall. The agreement between the SLIDE modeling results and landslide observations demonstrates
good predictive skill and suggests that this framework could serve as a potential tool for the future early landslide warning
systems. Results show that within the two study areas, the values of rates of successful estimation of slope failure locations
reached as high as 78 and 75%, while the error indices were 35 and 49%. Despite positive model performance, the SLIDE model
is limited by several assumptions including using general parameter calibration rather than in situ tests and neglecting geologic
information. Advantages and limitations of this physically based model are discussed with respect to future applications of
landslide assessment and prediction over large scales. 相似文献
245.
提出了一种基于高分辨率卫星遥感图像检测汽车的新方法——背景迭代搜索(Background Iterative Search,BIS)算法。该算法首先利用背景与目标的局部差异,用距离作为判别准则逐步迭代搜索并去除背景,根据汽车的物质特性初步检测汽车;然后采用动态双峰阈值分割方法,利用全局信息把道路和非道路分开,并根据形状特征粗略提取道路;最后利用道路信息约束初步检测的汽车,得到最终的汽车检测结果。通过使用IKONOS和QuickBird卫星遥感数据进行实验,验证了BIS算法的有效性。 相似文献
246.
In the study of sequence stratigraphy and litho-paleogeography,quantitative analysis,precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data,such as field profiles,logging records and seismic curves from different areas,are the basic requirements.In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result,this paper presents a novel method that combines spatial database analysis with the single-factor mapping technology to establish sequence stratigraphical succession and to map the Ordo-vician litho-paleogeography of the Ordos Basin,one of the largest oil-gas bearing basins in North China Platform.By using this method,all of the related basic geological data can be quantitatively analyzed and effectively managed.Various attributes of the ba-sic stratigraphic units and their characters,such as sequence thickness,penecontemporaneous dolostone content,shallow water parget content,and terrigenous material content,can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping.Based on this analysis,this paper has be exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the ba-sin,and finally synthesized multiple factors to reconstruct the litho-paleogeography for each of the sequence intervals.The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits compared with traditional ways.For example,in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence intervals(SQ19 in the Lower Majiagou Formation) of the Ordos Basin,the authors have successfully developed a mathematical formula to divide the distribution of various facies units substantially,such as old lands,submarine uplifts,supratidal zones,intertidal zones and subtidal zones. 相似文献
247.
利用MSU序列研究高空大气温度变化的进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国NOAA卫星上搭载的微波大气探测仪MSU以及后续继承改进仪器AMSU,自1978年投入运行以来,已经积累了超过30年的全球大气温度的观测资料。近年来,国外学者通过仪器定标误差订正、卫星轨道衰减订正、观测时间差异导致的温度日变化订正、仪器间的相互定标处理等技术,发现并剔除了一些影响较大的非气候因素,提高了该序列资料的质量,并用于全球气候变化研究,特别是对流层和平流层近30年的温度变化研究,研究结果是对常规地面和探空资料分析结果的重要补充。本文对目前国际上3种常用的MSU序列资料集的定标误差、偏差订正和不同卫星上仪器观测序列的一致化处理方法进行了综合介绍,并比较分析了3种资料用于30年高空大气温度变化趋势分析的异同。 相似文献
248.
The above article published online on 16 June 2011 in Wiley Online Library ( http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com ), and in Volume 39, pp. 697‐704, has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Prisca Henheik, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation carried out by Washington State University (WSU) which determined that research misconduct had occurred with respect to fabricating experimental data and falsifying data that formed the basis of a section of this article on the part of the corresponding author. Furthermore, WSU determined that the corresponding author did not declare an existing commercial conflict of interest when submitting the paper to the peer‐‐reviewed journal CLEAN ‐ Soil, Air, Water. 相似文献
249.
Faults有限元软件综合高程、热流、断层等多个地球物理场参数,相较于Ansys、Adina等商用有限元软件能更好的处理断层的摩擦机制,因此Faults有限元软件在地学模拟中有独特优势.目前使用的Faults软件基于IBM科学与工程数学库(ESSL),使用环境较为苛刻,使用不便,需要移植源代码.利用Linpack免费数... 相似文献
250.