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801.
802.
Long-term soil moisture dynamics derived from GNSS interferometric reflectometry: a case study for Sutherland,South Africa 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sibylle Vey Andreas Güntner Jens Wickert Theresa Blume Markus Ramatschi 《GPS Solutions》2016,20(4):641-654
Soil moisture is a geophysical key observable for predicting floods and droughts, modeling weather and climate and optimizing agricultural management. Currently available in situ observations are limited to small sampling volumes and restricted number of sites, whereas measurements from satellites lack spatial resolution. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers can be used to estimate soil moisture time series at an intermediate scale of about 1000 m2. In this study, GNSS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data at the station Sutherland, South Africa, are used to estimate soil moisture variations during 2008–2014. The results capture the wetting and drying cycles in response to rainfall. The GNSS Volumetric Water Content (VWC) is highly correlated (r 2 = 0.8) with in situ observations by time-domain reflectometry sensors and is accurate to 0.05 m3/m3. The soil moisture estimates derived from the SNR of the L1 and L2P signals compared to the L2C show small differences with a RMSE of 0.03 m3/m3. A reduction in the SNR sampling rate from 1 to 30 s has very little impact on the accuracy of the soil moisture estimates (RMSE of the VWC difference 1–30 s is 0.01 m3/m3). The results show that the existing data of the global tracking network with continuous observations of the L1 and L2P signals with a 30-s sampling rate over the last two decades can provide valuable complementary soil moisture observations worldwide. 相似文献
803.
804.
805.
气候波动和人类活动对南水北调中线工程典型流域径流影响的定量评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以南水北调中线工程典型流域汉江上游流域和滦河流域为研究对象,采用敏感性分析法、降水?径流双累积曲线法、累积量斜率变化率比较法定量评估了气候波动和人类活动对流域径流变化的影响。结果表明:汉江上游流域和滦河流域变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期年均径流深相对于基准期分别减少了29.5% / 19.1%和49.8% / 70.0%;对于汉江上游流域,1991-1999年(变异Ⅰ期)气候波动是径流减少的主要影响因素,2000-2008年(变异Ⅱ期)人类活动则是径流减少的主要影响因素,且人类活动对汉江上游流域径流减少的影响逐步增加;对于滦河流域,1980-2010年(变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期)人类活动一直是径流减少的主要影响因素,且气候波动和人类活动对径流减少的影响贡献率基本保持不变。 相似文献
806.
以厦门市旅游业为研究样本,采用系统分析,围绕气候变化对旅游业发展的影响,建立气候变化对旅游业发展影响的评价指标体系,利用层次分析法对各指标因子进行权重测算,再利用模糊综合评价法进行评价,将气候变化对厦门旅游业的影响进行定量分析。结果显示,气候变化对旅游业的影响的隶属度最大值为0.309,是较强的。研究可以明确将旅游业发展过程中受气候变化影响的各个方面,按照受影响程度高低进行划分,从而可以有效指导旅游业相关从业者对风险进行归类,进而协调各方利益,有针对性地发展旅游业,从而实现旅游资源的长期利用和旅游业的可持续发展。 相似文献
807.
S. O. Asamu 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):183-189
There is a general shortage of potable water in Nigeria, partly through the lack of natural provision and partly because of
rapid urban growth that has largely been unplanned. The paper describes the recent redevelopment of a public water facility
in a run-down area of Ibadan which is part of the Sustainable Ibadan Project. Despite funding from national and international
bodies, the development is strongly based at community level. The local inhabitants feel they have control over their own
water supply through their representatives on the various planning and managing committees. This aims to reduce vandalism
and to increase pride and involvement in the community.
The project is a pilot for other projects around Ibadan, some of which have begun and others are being planned. This paper
describes the administrative structures and management principles that have been employed. It forcefully advocates community-based
planning and management which respects both the environment and the water-users, and involves a major “bottom-up” element.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
808.
应用显微激光拉曼光谱分析单个流体包裹体同位素 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
单个流体包裹体同位素是研究特定成岩成矿(藏)阶段古流体成因和来源最有效的方法之一,在矿床、油气、地质流体和大地构造演化动力学等多个领域具有十分重要的用途。但是,目前还没有成熟的分析单个流体包裹体同位素的方法。文中在对目前国内外流体包裹体分析技术总结分析基础上,认为激光拉曼光谱是一项可以分析单个流体包裹体同位素的最有效方法,国外在该领域已经开展了许多创新性的研究工作,并取得了一些重要进展。对激光拉曼光谱分析单个流体包裹体同位素的原理和可行性进行了分析论证,提出通过对已知比值的同位素标准物质拉曼光谱测试和研究,在确定稳定同位素分子的拉曼参数和实验条件等基础上,可以建立起单个流体包裹体稳定同位素激光拉曼测试方法,从而改变目前只能依靠分析群体包裹体同位素来示踪古流体成因和来源的局限性和不确定性。 相似文献
809.
Prof. F. S. Zanon 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1952,22(1-2):97-107
Riassunto Si conferma, con un nuovo settennio di osservazioni, il valore già altre volte determinato dall'A. dellatemperatura critica di antèsi per ilTaxus baccata. E con un ventennio di osservazioni si determina il valore dell'analogo elemento biologico per ilPunica granatum.
Summary We confirm with a new septennium of observations the value that has been already other times determined by the author of the critical temperature of antèsi for the Taxus baccata and with a period of twenty years of observations we determine the value of the analogous biologic element for the Punica granatum.相似文献
810.
M.?V.?LuchitskayaEmail author S.?D.?Sokolov V.?Pease E.?Miller B.?V.?Belyatsky 《Geotectonics》2018,52(3):312-330
New geochronological and isotopic geochemical data are given, which make it possible to recognize two types of granitic rocks on the eastern Chukchi Peninsula. Early Cretaceous Tkachen and Dolina granitic plutons with zircon ages (U–Pb SIMS) of 119–122 and 131–136 Ma are related to the first type. They cut through Devonian–Lower Carboniferous basement rocks and are overlain by the Aptian–Albian Etelkuyum Formation. Basal units of the latter contain fragments of granitic rocks. Late Cretaceous Provideniya and Rumilet granitic plutons, which contain zircons with ages of 94 and 85 Ma (U–Pb SIMS), respectively, belong to the second type. They cut through volcanic–sedimentary rocks of the Etelkuyum and Leurvaam formations pertaining to the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt. In petrographic and geochemical features, the Early Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Tkachen Pluton are commensurable with I-type granites, while Late Cretaceous granite of the Rumilet Pluton is comparable to A2-type granite. The Sr–Nd isotopic data provide evidence that from the Early Cretaceous Tkachen and Dolina plutons to the Late Cretaceous Provideniya and Rumilet plutons, the degree of crustal assimilation of suprasubduction mantle-derived melts increases up to partial melting of heterogeneous continental crust enriched in rubidium. An unconformity and various degrees of secondary alteration of volcanic–sedimentary rocks have been established in the Okhotsk–Chukotka Volcanic Belt, and this was apparently caused by transition of the tectonic setting from suprasubduction to a transform margin with local extension. 相似文献