Vortex-Induced Vibrations of A Long Flexible Cylinder in Linear and Exponential Shear Flows

A numerical study based on a wake oscillator model was conducted to determine the response performance of vortex-induced vibration(VIV) on a long flexible cylinder with pinned-pinned boundary conditions subjected to linear and exponential shear flows. The coupling equations of a structural vibration model and wake oscillator model were solved using a standard central finite difference method of the second order. The VIV response characteristics including the structural displacement, structural frequency, structural wavenumber, standing wave behavior,travelling wave behavior, structural velocity, lift force coefficient and transferred energy from the fluid to the structure with different flow profiles were compared. The numerical results show that the VIV displacement is a combination of standing waves and travelling waves. For linear shear flow, standing waves and travelling waves dominate the VIV response within the low-velocity and high-velocity zones, respectively. The negative values of the transferred energy only occur within the low-velocity zone. However, for exponential shear flow, travelling waves dominate the VIV response and the negative energy occurs along the entire length of the cylinder.     

Establishment of Numerical Wave Flume Based on the Second-Order Wave-Maker Theory

With growing computational power, the first-order wave-maker theory has become well established and is widely used for numerical wave flumes. However, existing numerical models based on the first-order wave-maker theory lose accuracy as nonlinear effects become prominent. Because spurious harmonic waves and primary waves have different propagation velocities, waves simulated by using the first-order wave-maker theory have an unstable wave profile. In this paper, a numerical wave flume with a piston-type wave-maker based on the second-order wave-maker theory has been established. Dynamic mesh technique was developed. The boundary treatment for irregular wave simulation was specially dealt with. Comparisons of the free-surface elevations using the first-order and second-order wave-maker theory prove that second-order wave-maker theory can generate stable wave profiles in both the spatial and time domains. Harmonic analysis and spectral analysis were used to prove the superiority of the second-order wave-maker theory from other two aspects. To simulate irregular waves, the numerical flume was improved to solve the problem of the water depth variation due to low-frequency motion of the wave board. In summary, the new numerical flume using the second-order wave-maker theory can guarantee the accuracy of waves by adding an extra motion of the wave board. The boundary treatment method can provide a reference for the improvement of nonlinear numerical flume.     

Capsizing Probability of Dead Ship Stability in Beam Wind and Wave for Damaged Ship

The International Maritime Organization has developed the second-generation intact stability criteria. Thus, damage stability criteria can be established in the future. In order to identity the capsizing probability of damaged ship under dead ship condition, this paper investigates two methods that can be used to research the capsizing probability in time domain, which mainly focus on the nonlinear righting lever GZ curve solution. One method subjects the influence of damaged tanks on the hull shape down to the wind and wave, and the other method is consistent with the real-time calculation of the GZ curve. On the basis of one degree of freedom rolling equation, the solution is Monte Carlo method, and a damaged fishery bureau vessel is taken as a sample ship. In addition, the results of the time-domain capsizing probability under different loading conditions are compared and analyzed. The relation of GM and heeling angle with the capsizing probability is investigated, and its possible reason is analyzed. On the basis of combining the time-domain flooding process with the capsizing probability calculation, this research aims to lay the foundation for the study of capsizing probability in time domain under dead ship condition, as well as provide technical support for capsizing mechanism of dead ship stability and damage stability criteria establishment in waves.     

大亚湾西部海域沉积物中生物硅的含量及其分布特征

采用2. 0 mol/dm~3Na_2CO_3溶液5h单点化学提取-硅钼蓝连续分光光度分析法分别测定了大亚湾西部海域13个表层沉积物和1个沉积物岩芯中生物硅的含量.表层沉积物和沉积物岩芯中生物硅含量占比分别为0. 69%～2. 02%和1. 24%～2. 05%,平均值分别为1. 42%和1. 60%.结果证实西大亚湾沉积物中生物硅含量水平与我国南海近岸海域基本一致.在210Pbex测年的基础上,通过分析沉积物岩芯中生物硅、有机物、无机碳等多指标,揭示近百年来大亚湾周边环境变化对海洋环境的影响,证实了上世纪80年代以来西大亚湾周边农业、海水养殖业和工业发展等人类活动加剧了该海域生态环境变化,尤其90年代核电站运行对海洋生态变化造成一定的影响.     

新一代区域海-气-浪耦合台风预报系统

依托国家重点基础研究（973）计划项目"上层海洋对台风的响应和调制机理研究",中国气象局上海台风研究所联合国家海洋局的相关单位,通过实施近海台风的外场观测科学试验、加强台风边界层（特别是海气相互作用）物理过程诊断分析及参数化方案等的研究,建立并改进了台风强度预报的海-气-浪耦合预报模式系统,并在此基础上发展了台风强度的集合预报技术,在历史典型台风个例和2016-2017年台汛期的业务化测试中表现出良好的预报性能。     

中法海洋卫星（CFOSAT）同步观测台风引起的风场和海浪

利用中法海洋卫星（CFOSAT）最近观测的风场和海浪场,报道了超强台风玲玲（2019）过境中国近海水域期间台风浪的初步研究结果。结果显示,台风路径右侧风速超过14 m/s大风区的有效波高超过5 m,与理论估算一致。观测主波波长为150 - 180 m,风场为西南向,海浪向东传播。风向和浪向的偏移随台风中心距离增大,接近理论预测。     

海上风电电磁辐射对海洋生物影响的研究综述

海上风电工程是我国解决能源危机的新举措。为更好地推动我国海上风电建设与海洋生态环境保护的和谐发展,文章综述海上风电的电磁辐射对海洋生物的影响。已有的研究表明:海上风电对海洋生物的电磁辐射影响的主要来源是海底电缆,电磁辐射产生影响主要是因为某些海洋生物具有磁敏感性;磁场可能影响鱼类迁徙等海洋生物运动,且足够强度的磁场还会影响海洋生物的生殖和发育等生理过程;随着海上风电的快速发展,深远海海上风电的电磁辐射影响亟待更多的研究。     

无人水下智能海洋测绘装备的机遇与挑战

针对海洋测绘面临的问题,分析了无人时代海洋测绘技术的发展机遇,提出了无人水下智能海洋测绘的新模式,讨论了无人水下智能海洋测绘的技术体系和无人水下智能海洋测绘装备的关键技术,以及无人水下智能海洋测绘的装备产业链,展望了无人水下智能海洋测绘装备的发展趋势及应用前景。     

时间域精细速度建模的策略与试验

速度在地震勘探中十分重要,压制多次波、偏移成像和地震反演都需要准确的速度模型。为了高效和准确的获取速度模型,基于时间域精细速度建模方法,利用疑似含气区的二维多道地震资料,针对初始模型、层位约束和基于人工速度拾取的速度反演3个方面开展了试验,探讨实际资料中时间域精细速度建模方法的关键点和效果。试验表明：无需人工速度拾取,时间域精细速度建模能够实现浅地层速度的准确反演,进而高效地完成浅地层速度异常的识别;层位约束能提高速度建模的效率和精度;在地层结构复杂区域,人工速度拾取有利于时间域精细速度建模。     

典型无居民海岛(担子岛)岸滩冲淤变化过程研究

通过统计分析、空间分析、三维分析等方法,本文重现了50年担子岛及其周围海域的冲淤变化过程。得出如下结论:(1)近50年来,研究区内淤积面积大于侵蚀面积,但侵蚀强度大于淤积强度;侵蚀区主要分布在担子岛岸滩的-2m以浅区域,侵蚀呈明显的带状分布;冲淤速率呈加剧趋势,冲淤演变呈现明显的周期变化。(2)担子岛岸滩有4条剖面的冲淤形态以"整体侵蚀后退"居多,其他剖面呈"上冲下淤"的形态,剖面冲淤转换不同的剖面水深不同,在-2m以浅的岸滩,冲淤转换一般在-1.2m左右。剖面上下部位冲淤强度的不同,造成不同剖面具有不同的冲淤平衡点。本文研究成果为控制担子岛岸滩侵蚀的速率,减缓担子岛侵蚀程度提供一定的理论依据。