城区重度污染水体遥感识别研究

城市污染水体整治对城市良好水环境具有重大意义。本文基于污染水体形成机理,构建污染水体遥感识别模型,实现了城市污染水体快速、高效、大范围的提取。本文以银川市为研究区,开展银川市污染水体遥感识别,并进行实地验证。验证结果表明污染水体遥感识别精度可达62.96%,共确定银川市污染水体12条,为银川市污染水体整治工作提供参考。此外,本文还分析了影响识别精度的原因,以提高后续污染水体遥感识别精度。由于遥感识别污染水体尚属首次,因此识别精度一般。在今后研究工作中,将会加入其他指标继续研究,以提高精度。     

网络地理信息技术在林业检疫管理中的应用

针对林业检疫工作存在信息化程度低、管理不够科学有效的问题,本文提出将网络地理信息技术应用到林业检疫管理工作中。在对系统的逻辑框架和网络设计完成后,建立了林业检疫管理信息系统,通过内网、外网和移动终端配合,完成了林业检疫的数据采集、信息分析等业务工作以及相关单位和虫害信息的管理工作,为辅助决策提供了数据,也提高了工作效率和管理水平,对林业资源的管理和保护具有重要的现实意义。     

Improved decentralized multi-sensor navigation system for airborne applications

The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) technologies is a very useful navigation option for high-accuracy positioning in many applications. However, its performance is still limited by GNSS satellite availability and satellite geometry. To address such limitations, a non-GNSS-based positioning technology known as “Locata” is used to augment a standard GNSS/INS system. The conventional methods for multi-sensor integration can be classified as being either in the form of centralized Kalman filtering (CKF), or decentralized Kalman filtering. However, these two filtering architectures are not always ideal for real-world applications. To satisfy both accuracy and reliability requirements, these three integration algorithms—CKF, federated Kalman filtering (FKF) and an improved decentralized filtering, known as global optimal filtering (GOF)—are investigated. In principle, the GOF is derived from more information resources than the CKF and FKF algorithms. These three algorithms are implemented in a GPS/Locata/INS integrated navigation system and evaluated using data obtained from a flight test. The experimental results show that the position, velocity and attitude solution derived from the GOF-based system indicate improvements of 30, 18.4 and 20.8% over the CKF- and FKF-based systems, respectively.     

土地利用数据综合方法的研究进展

对有关土地利用数据综合方法的研究成果进行综述,主要回顾国内外在土地利用数据综合操作方面的理论规则、约束条件、算法等,并展望土地利用数据综合的未来研究方向。     

美国内政部四轮战略规划的发展趋势及特点分析

美国内政部的战略规划是该部施政纲领的集中体现。四轮战略规划的目标从2003年强调资源保护、利用与休闲娱乐的平衡,到2007年增加全球经济、环境、政治和其他因素对内政部战略规划的影响,直至2014年强调资源的娱乐、人文观赏价值,并重视培养下一代的管理责任。内政部战略定位逐渐清晰。资源保护、经济发展、休闲娱乐的相对关系发生变化,从强调三者平衡到强调资源的休闲、文化等景观价值。     

Generating GPS satellite fractional cycle bias for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

With the development of precise point positioning (PPP), the School of Geodesy and Geomatics (SGG) at Wuhan University is now routinely producing GPS satellite fractional cycle bias (FCB) products with open access for worldwide PPP users to conduct ambiguity-fixed PPP solution. We provide a brief theoretical background of PPP and present the strategies and models to compute the FCB products. The practical realization of the two-step (wide-lane and narrow-lane) FCB estimation scheme is described in detail. With GPS measurements taken in various situations, i.e., static, dynamic, and on low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, the quality of FCB estimation and the effectiveness of PPP ambiguity resolution (AR) are evaluated. The comparison with CNES FCBs indicated that our FCBs had a good consistency with the CNES ones. For wide-lane FCB, almost all the differences of the two products were within ±0.05 cycles. For narrow-lane FCB, 87.8 % of the differences were located between ±0.05 cycles, and 97.4 % of them were located between ±0.075 cycles. The experimental results showed that, compared with conventional ambiguity-float PPP, the averaged position RMS of static PPP can be improved from (3.6, 1.4, 3.6) to (2.0, 1.0, 2.7) centimeters for ambiguity-fixed PPP. The average accuracy improvement in the east, north, and up components reached 44.4, 28.6, and 25.0 %, respectively. A kinematic, ambiguity-fixed PPP test with observation of 80 min achieved a position accuracy of better than 5 cm at the one-sigma level in all three coordinate components. Compared with the results of ambiguity-float, kinematic PPP, the positioning biases of ambiguity-fixed PPP were improved by about 78.2, 20.8, and 65.1 % in east, north, and up. The RMS of LEO PPP test was improved by about 23.0, 37.0, and 43.0 % for GRACE-A and GRACE-B in radial, tangential, and normal directions when AR was applied to the same data set. These results demonstrated that the SGG FCB products can be produced with high quality for users anywhere around the world to carry out ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

Assessing Performance of Tomo-SAR and Backscattering Coefficient for Hemi-Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation

Tomo-SAR technique has been used for hemi-boreal forest height and further forest biomass estimation through allometric equation. Backscattering coefficient especially in longer wavelength (L- or P-band) is thought as a useful parameter for hemi-boreal forest biomass retrieval. The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of vertical backscattering power and backscattering coefficient for hemi-boreal forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation with airborne P-band data. The test site locates in southern Sweden called Remningstorp test site, and the in-situ forest AGB ranges from 14 t/ha to 245 t/ha at stand level. Multi-baseline P-band Pol-InSAR data in repeat-path mode collected during March and May in 2007 at Remningstorp test site was used. We found that the correlation coefficient (R) between backscattering coefficient of P-band HH polarization and the in-situ forest biomass reached 0.87. The R for P-band VV backscattering power at 5 m is 0.71 and 10 m is 0.72. Backscattering coefficient in HH polarization and vertical backscattering power at 5 m and 10 m were applied to construct a model for hemi-boreal forest AGB estimation by backward step-wise regression and cross-validation approach. The results showed that the estimated forest AGB ranges from 19 to 240 t/ha, and the constructed model obtained a higher R and smaller RMSE, the value of R is 0.91, RMSE is 30.43 t/ha at Remningstorp test site.     

Identifying geospatial services across heterogeneous taxonomies

Geospatial services with different functions are assembled together to solve complex problems. Different taxonomies are developed to categorize these services into classes. As differences in granularity and semantics exist among these taxonomies, the identification of services across different taxonomies has become a challenge. In this paper, an approach to identify geospatial services across heterogeneous taxonomies is proposed. Using formal concept analysis, existing heterogeneous taxonomies are decomposed into semantic factors and their various combinations. With these semantic factors, a super taxonomy is established to integrate the original heterogeneous taxonomies. Finally, with the super taxonomy as a cross-referencing system, geospatial services with classes in original taxonomies are identifiable across taxonomies. Experiments in service registries and a social media-based spatial-temporal analysis project are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.     

Evaluating urban public facilities of Shenzhen by application of open source data

Abstract

This article applies open source data of public facilities through data mining, not only to evaluate the public facilities from an objective dimension, but also to reflect the sensory opinions of the group factually, eventually realizing the evaluation measurement of urban public facilities. The research takes Shenzhen city as an empirical case and chooses typical public facilities to mine data, resolve address and weight to explore the application of public facilities evaluation under dimension reduction of open source data. The empirical study consists of three parts. First, as the objective evaluation, we estimate the density distribution and per capita of public facility through data mining and address resolution. Second, as the subjective evaluation, we carry on the location analysis to high-score public facility through attention and satisfaction data of Internet evaluation. Finally, as mentioned above, we calculate the weight of objective and subjective evaluation of public facility, eventually formatting the comprehensive evaluation of public facilities.     

切比雪夫多项式拟合卫星轨道与钟差的精度分析

利用切比雪夫多项式拟合卫星轨道,用经验统计法确定轨道不同弧段数据的满足精度要求的拟合阶数区间,发现非最佳拟合阶数会引入较大的拟合噪声,因此在精密计算时应选择最佳拟合阶数。本文用此多项式拟合卫星钟差,能达到内插钟差同等的精度,而且与拉格朗日滑动内插相比,拟合残差序列分布更好,计算效率更高;提出利用残差自相关进行精度评定的方法,当精度变化微小时相比一般的精度评定方法具有明显优势。