陕西略阳柳树坪金锌矿床地质特征及控矿因素研究

陕西略阳柳树坪金锌矿床是"勉-略-宁"三角地带碳酸盐岩型矿床,通过野外调查与地质资料分析,对该矿床的地质特征、主要控矿地质因素、成矿条件等进行了研究。研究结果表明,柳树坪矿区成矿与地层、构造、岩浆岩等多重因素有关,其中震旦系断头崖组、九道拐组碳酸盐岩富含金、铅、锌等金属矿产,是该矿床的主要矿源层;印支—燕山期形成的沿九道拐向斜南北翼发育的构造破碎带基本控制了区内矿体的空间展布;同时燕山期中酸性浅成小岩体对金、锌、铅等元素活化、富集作用较强,为重要的控矿因素。综合分析认为柳树坪矿床为沉积层控-构造热液改造型金锌矿床,具有较好的金、锌等多金属矿产资源潜力。      

机载LiDAR地形特征信息快速提取

为更有效地获取地形特征信息,提出一种机载LiDAR地形特征信息快速提取算法。首先,通过构建二次曲面拟合模型,建立实测LiDAR地形数据与拟合曲面的几何规则;然后,采用LM算法迭代参数寻优,获得最优化结果下的地形拟合参数,计算拟合时间及拟合精度;最后,以地形拟合模型为基础,进行地形特征信息的快速提取。通过机载LiDAR实测数据验证,当最优搜索半径为2 m时,地形曲面的拟合时间仅为0.02 s,RMSE仅为5.09 cm。该算法保证了地形特征信息提取效率和精度,能够有效满足机载LiDAR科学研究和工程应用的技术需求。     

藏南喜马拉雅北坡色龙地区二叠系基性火山岩的发现及其构造意义

藏南喜马拉雅北坡二叠系基性火山岩位于聂拉木县色龙东山。岩石地球化学特征表明,无论是基龙组火山岩还是色龙群火山岩,都具有大陆拉伸-大陆裂谷环境火山岩系的主、微量元素地球化学特征。据此,判断两套基性火山岩的性质和喷发构造环境相同。该区二叠纪大陆拉伸-裂谷火山活动标志着冈瓦纳超级古大陆开始裂离、解体。     

一次江淮大暴雨过程中尺度系统结构分析

本文应用观测资料和中尺度数值模拟结果对1999年6月23日发生在江淮地区一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行研究，揭示了影响这次暴雨过程的物理条件、云团的演变特征及与中尺度系统的关系，分析表明，在暴雨生成和发展过程中，多个中尺度云团在相继生成和移动发展，暴雨中心是几个发展较强的中尺度对流云团造成的，西南风低空急流为暴雨提供了水汽输送，并且通过强垂直运动向对流层中上层输送水汽，这次暴雨与中尺度系统发生发展有直接关系，西南涡分裂出一系列的小涡旋，这些小涡旋边向东移边减弱，并且同时在地面上引发小低压，这些中尺度低压增强低空水平辐合，成为触发不稳定能量的机制，低空急流中心与雨区相互对应，且急流风速增强，风速水平切变梯度增大的过程对应着强降水过程。     

江苏下扬子区二叠系龙潭组-大隆组页岩气勘探前景分析

江苏下扬子区龙潭组-大隆组暗色泥页岩厚度较大（60~100m）,有机碳含量较高（平均为2.0%~3.0%）,热演化程度区域上差异较大（0.5%~3.0%）,总体具有形成页岩气藏的良好潜力。暗色泥页岩中脆性矿物含量较高,利于后期的压裂和开发。根据研究区暗色泥页岩页岩厚度、埋深、有机碳含量和成熟度展布,以矿物成分和含气性特征等特征,运用信息叠合法,最终优选出溧水-句容、丹阳-海安为Ⅰ类有利区,无锡-张家港为Ⅱ类有利区。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年代固沙区根系分布

2010年8月,选择腾格里沙漠东南缘1964年、1981年和1990年建立的人工固沙区为对象,以流动沙丘和邻近的天然植被区为对照,利用根钻取样法研究了不同年代固沙植被区根系的3.0 m剖面的分布特征。结果表明：单位土地面积上<1 mm的活根、全部活根、<1 mm的死根和全部死根的重量密度和长度密度在不同样地间存在着显著差异(p<0.05);流沙、1990年、1981年、1964年固沙区和天然植被区全部活根重量密度分别为2.9±2.2、164.7±46.5、461.3±83.6、440.4±81.8 g·m-2和350.0±132.5 g·m-2,5个样地全部死根重量密度分别为4.9±2.8、58.7±16.8、390.9±57.9、492.5±252.2 g·m-2和214.4±29.9 g·m-2;根长密度也表现为相似的变化趋势。单位土壤体积的根系重量密度和长度密度随着土层加深而递减,植被区0~1.0 m土壤层活根的累积重量密度和长度密度在全部活根中的比例均超过70.0%,其中以天然植被区最大,流沙区则不超过25%;死根也表现为相似的趋势,只是比例有所降低。根鞘占全部根系生物量的比例非常不稳定,流沙区的最大,为94.3%,而1981年植被区的只有0.5%,1964年、1990年固沙区和天然植被区分别为29.9%,70.3%和58.9%。     

Effects of surface characteristics on infiltration patterns in an arid shrub desert

Precipitation is often the sole source of water replenishment in arid and semi‐arid areas and, thus, plays a pertinent role in sustaining desert ecosystems. Revegetation over 40 years using mainly Artemisia ordosica and Caragana korshinskii at Shapotou Desert Experimental Research Station near Lanzhou, China, has established a dwarf‐shrub and microbiotic soil crust cover on the stabilized sand dunes. The redistribution of infiltrated moisture through percolation, root extraction, and evapotranspiration pathways was investigated. Three sets of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) probes were inserted horizontally at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm depths below the ground surface in a soil pit. The three sets of TDR probes were installed in dwarf‐shrub sites of A. ordosica and C. korshinskii community with and without a microbiotic soil crust cover, and an additional set was placed in a bare sand dune area that had neither vegetation nor a microbiotic soil crust present. Volumetric soil moisture content was recorded at hourly intervals and used in the assessment of infiltration for the different surface covers. Infiltration varied greatly, from 7·5 cm to more than 45 cm, depending upon rainfall quantity and soil surface conditions. In the shrub community area without microbiotic soil crust cover, infiltration increased due to preferential flow associated with root tunnels. The microbiotic soil crust cover had a significant negative influence on the infiltration for small rainfall events (～10 mm), restricting the infiltration depth to less than 20 cm and increasing soil moisture content just beneath the soil profile of 10 cm, whereas it was not as strong or clear for larger rainfall events (～60 mm). For small rainfall events, the wetting front depth for the three kinds of surface cover was as follows: shrub community without microbiotic soil crust > bare area > shrub community with microbiotic soil crust. In contrast, for large rainfall events, infiltration was similar in shrub communities with and without microbiotic soil crust cover, but significantly higher than measured in the bare area. Soil water extraction by roots associated with evapotranspiration restricted the wetting front penetration after 1 to 3 h of rainfall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁省温带气旋龙卷的环境参数特征

利用欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5再分析数据,统计1979—2020年辽宁省42个温带气旋龙卷环境背景和物理量参数特征,结果表明:辽宁省温带气旋龙卷多发于温带气旋中心的西南、东南象限,与冷锋前暖区相对应,主要分布在辽河平原中西部及渤海湾沿岸,强龙卷(EF2及以上级别)占比为28.6%。风暴相对螺旋度和对流有效位能的大值区出现在气旋西南—东南象限,呈带状分布,龙卷风暴主要分布于风暴相对螺旋度大值区西北侧、对流有效位能大值区的顶端的强梯度区附近。强龙卷参数最大值达0.7,其大值区与EF2及以上级别龙卷相对应。地面冷锋和干线是温带气旋龙卷的关键触发系统,对比近气旋中心和冷锋尾部湿度垂直分布,后者所表现的高层强干侵入导致风暴产生更强的冷池,过强的下沉气流可能是龙卷产生的不利因素。温带气旋龙卷多分布于高空急流左侧气流的分流区内,对应高空强辐散区。0~3 km垂直温度递减率大值区与气旋中心附近的弱龙卷高发区有较好对应关系。     

Response of evapotranspiration and water availability to the changing climate in Northern Eurasia

We introduce a probabilistic framework for vulnerability analysis and use it to quantify current and future vulnerability of the US water supply system. We also determine the contributions of hydro-climatic and socio-economic drivers to the changes in projected vulnerability. For all scenarios and global climate models examined, the US Southwest including California and the southern Great Plains was consistently found to be the most vulnerable. For most of the US, the largest contributions to changes in vulnerability come from changes in supply. However, for some areas of the West changes in vulnerability are caused mainly by changes in demand. These changes in supply and demand result mainly from changes in evapotranspiration rather than from changes in precipitation. Importantly, changes in vulnerability from projected changes in the standard deviations of precipitation and evapotranspiration are of about the same magnitude or larger than those from changes in the corresponding means over most of the US, except in large areas of the Great Plains, in central California and southern and central Texas.