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881.
T. J. Lee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(2):309-338
The integral equation for the electromagnetic response of a sphere in a layered medium may be solved as follows. First, the unknown time harmonic electric field in the sphere is expanded in spherical vector waves. Secondly, the coefficients for these wave functions are found by a set of equations. The equations are found by multiplying the integral equation throughout by each wave function and integrating over the spherical conductor.Once the unknown coefficients have been determined, then the transient response may be found by taking the inverse Fourier transform. In carrying out the Fourier transform one learns that for most of the time range used in prospecting, only the lowest order vector wave function is significant. A study of the singularities of the spectrum of the transient shows that, for the time range considered, only a single branch cut is significant. There are no pole type responses. That is, the field does not decay exponentially. Previous studies of a sphere in free space reported only pole type responses. That is, at the later stages, the field decays exponentially. This study shows that, in order to model satisfactorily the effect of the host rock on transient electromagnetic fields, the sphere must be placed in layered ground. 相似文献
882.
883.
Zusammenfassung Bei der Berechnung der L?slichkeiten des zwei-und des dreiwertigen Eisens müssen neben den Fe+2 und Fe+3 Ionen auch die Eisen(II)- und Eisen(III)-Hydroxokomplexe ([Fe(OH)]+, [Fe(OH)]2+, [Fe(OH)2]+, [Fe(OH)3] (d), und [Fe(OH)4]−) berücksichtigt werden. Die L?slichkeit des zweiwertigen Eisens in natürlichen (Bikarbonat enthaltenden) W?ssern ist in der
Regel durch die L?slichkeitsgleichgewichte des Eisenkarbonats beschr?nkt, w?hrend die L?slichkeit des dreiwertigen Eisens
durch die L?slichkeitsgleichgewichte des Eisen(III)-Hydroxyds bestimmt wird (Abbildungen 2 und 4). Die L?slichkeitsverh?ltnisse
k?nnen durch Komplexbildung, vor allem mit organischen Basen, ver?ndert werden.
Dreiwertiges Eisen hat eine viel st?rkere Tendenz, Hydroxokomplexe zu bilden, as zweiwertiges Eisen. Dementsprechend ist das
hydratisierte Eisen-(III)-Ion eine so?rkere S?ure (im SinneBr?nsteds) als das Eisen-(II)-Ion. Die Oxydation von Eisen-(II) zu Eisen-(III) ist deshalb von einer Erniedrigung des pH-Wertes begleitet.
Die Hydroxoeisen-(III)-Komplexe haben eine starke Tendenz, Polymerisationsreaktionen einzugehen, wobei im schwach sauren oder
neutralen Bereich positiv geladene im alkalischen Bereich hingegen negative geladene Kolloidpartikel entstehen k?nnen. Die
allf?llige Koagulation dieser Kolloide zu Eisenoxydhydrat ist vom Elektrolytgehalt abh?ngig und kann durch hydrophile organische
Schutzkolloide verhindert werden.
Zweiwertiges Eisen ist in Gegenwart von gel?stem Sauerstoff unbest?ndig und wird zu dreiwertigem Eisen oxydiert. Die Oxydationsgeschwindigkeit
nimmt mit zunehmendem pH stark zu. Kupfer-, Platinsalze und Aktivkohle als Katalysatoren sowie Komplexbildner, welche mit
dreiwertigem Eisen Komplexe bilden,beschleunigen die Autoxidation. Elektrodenpotential-pH-Diagramme (Abbildung 5) erm?glichen
einen zusammenfassenden überblick über den Einfluss von Potential und pH auf die L?slichkeitsverh?ltnisse. Im Eisenkreislauf
der Seen (Abbildung 7) kommt das Wechselspiel von Oxydation und Reduktion sowie von F?llung und L?sung eindrücklich zur Geltung.
相似文献
884.
T. Lee 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1972,99(1):130-140
Summary The potential field due to a point electrode, above an inclined interface, has been given in the form of a multiple integral, involving modified Bessel functions of the second kind (Skalskaya [9]2). From this formula it is only possible to derive formulae, from which type curves may be computed, for a limited number of cases. By considering the asymptotic expansion of the Hankel transform of this potential function, it is possible to derive results which will permit the complete interpretation of a Schlumberger sounding, carried out in the direction of strike; for an arbitrary angle of dip of the contact. The method of interpretation is suitable for use on a digital computer and has been found to give rapid and reliable results. 相似文献
885.
Trace and platinum-group element geochemistry and the development of the Merensky unit of the Western Bushveld complex 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Whole-rock samples of the Merensky Unit were analysed for major elements, Cu, Ni, Cr, Co, Eu, Th, U, Cs, and the platinum-group elements Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir and Au. There is a sympathetic variation of Cu, Ni, Co, and S throughout the sequence. Th and U abundances are highest around the Merensky Reef, and their distribution in the rest of the unit reflects the amount of mesostasis. Eu distribution is governed by primary plagioclase. Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir and Au (PM) are concentrated in the Merensky Reef. The relative proportions throughout the unit are Ir2 enrichment trends; interaction of these trends resulted in the Merensky Reef and its attendant mineralization. 相似文献
886.
887.
Conditional analysis is an essential component for evaluation of petroleum resources. Such analysis attempts to answer the questions: for the input data and a given play potential, what is the most likely number of pools and their sizes? An example is provided to illustrate the usage and application of this conditional method of analysis. This example demonstrates that the method can be used as a feedback mechanism to challenge the underlying geological concepts of the play; and to yield more certain predictions if additional information is given. Consequently, the method will enhance the reliability of the estimates of petroleum resources. 相似文献
888.
Road construction through sulfidic materials in Virginia has resulted in localized acid rock drainage (ARD) that threatens water quality, sedimentation, integrity of building materials, and vegetation management. Geologic formations associated with acid roadcuts were characterized by potential peroxide acidity (PPA), expressed as calcium carbonate equivalence (CCE), and total sulfur (total-S) in order to develop a statewide sulfide hazard rating map. The geologic formations were grouped into four categories based on potential acid-producing severity: i) Tabb formation (PPA<6 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<0.2%); ii) Ashe formation (PPA<18 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<2.0%); iii) Chesapeake Group, Lower Tertiary deposits, Millboro shale, Marcellus shale, and Needmore Formation (PPA<60 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<2.6%), and; iv) Chattanooga shale and Quantico slate (PPA<99 Mg CCE/1000 Mg; S<3.9%). Sulfide hazard analysis should be an essential step in the pre-design phase of highway construction and other earth-disturbing activities. 相似文献
889.
890.
Myoung?Hak?Oh Ju?Hyung?Lee Gil?Lim?Yoon Junboum?ParkEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2003,45(2):181-189
The grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system for detecting exact locations of landfill leachate intrusion in the subsurface was developed in this study. Laboratory and pilot-scale field model tests were performed to evaluate the direct application of a grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system for the detection of landfill leachate. A significant increase in electrical conductivity of soil was observed by adding landfill leachate. This can be explained as an increase in electrical conductivity of pore fluid due to an increase in leachate constituents as charge carriers. In pilot-scale field model tests, leachate intrusion locations were accurately identified at the initial stage of landfill leachate release by the grid-net electrical conductivity measurement system. The electrical conductivity of the subsurface before leachate injection lay within a small range of 24.8–43.0 S/cm. The electrical conductivity values in detected points were approximately ten times more than the conductivity values of the subsurface without landfill leachate intrusion. The results in this study indicate that the grid-net electrical conductivity measurement method has a possible application for detecting locations of landfill leachate intrusion into the subsurface at the initial stage, and thus has great potential in monitoring leachate leakage at waste landfills. 相似文献