雷暴电活动对冰雹增长影响的数值模拟研究

利用三维强风暴动力-电耦合模式,数值模拟了风暴演变过程 中电活动对冰雹增长及地面降雹的影响. 结果指出,带电冰雹与云内强电场作用使地面降雹 量增加约50[HTK]髎[HTSS],雹块直径增大0.7mm,降雹时间滞后约3min. 文中还讨论了强电 场通过对水成物降落速度的调制来影响冰雹微观增长过程,即主要是影响碰并过程和冰雹融 化过程. 电活动使冰雹源、汇总量都减少,但汇总量减少更多,总体效果使冰雹总量增加, 数目减少,冰雹长得更大,更易降落到地面.     

嘉峪关气氡映震情况讨论及玉门地震前水氡(嘉峪关,酒泉)异常特征

分析了1990年以来在祁连山断裂带上发生的7次地震前,嘉峪关气氡观测点和酒泉水氡的变化情况,发现在1990年10月20日天祝6．2级地震、1992年1月12日嘉峪关5．4级地震、1995年7月22日永登5．8级地震和2002年12月14日玉门5．9级地震前,嘉峪关气氡观测点均记录到短期的破年变异常,而酒泉水氡在玉门地震前为明显的突变型中期异常。     

青藏块体强震与祁连山地震带中强震相关性的初步探讨

对青藏块体强震与祁连山地震带中强震的相关性进行了初步分析。结果表明：青藏块体发生强地震后,祁连山地震带中强地震活动具有增强趋势。通过分析认为,祁连山地震带已进入新的地震活跃期,并有可能发生7级以上地震。     

Compositions of Upper Mantle Fluids Beneath Eastern China: Implications for Mantle Evolution

The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in Iherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in Iherzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eastern China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H2 are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 a     

乌鲁木齐河源区不同海拔的火绒草叶片结构特征的比较研究

采用PEG和Epon-812二次包埋方法, 利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对乌鲁木齐河源区海拔4 000 m、 3 400 m、 2 500 m三种不同高度的火绒草(Leontopodium leontopodiodes(Willd.) Beauv.)叶片剖面及表面结构进行了观察. 结果表明: 火绒草叶片既具有中生植物又兼有旱生和湿生植物的部分结构特征; 其叶片厚度、表皮细胞外壁角质层表面、外角质层蜡质分泌物的有无、表皮细胞形状、气孔器分布特征、保卫细胞极区"T"型角质加厚程度、气孔开口(长/宽)、气孔密度、维管束形态、 CTR值、叶肉细胞叶绿体含量等性状特征,在不同海拔的火绒草间呈现出明显差异; 而表皮的气孔水平位置类型、毛状附属器等性状则差异较小. 数值分析火绒草叶结构各类性状以及不同性状状态的组合, 显示出个体形态的多样性及其对高山环境和海拔高度的适宜性特征.     

北疆牧区积雪图像分类与雪深反演模型的研究

利用NOAA/AVHRR晴空气象条件下的资料, 建立积雪监测反演模型, 动态监测雪灾期间大范围的积雪空间分布状况, 对牧区雪灾综合评价及防灾救灾具有重要的意义. 使用北疆地区1996-97年2次雪灾期间的4个时相的晴空NOAA卫星数据及20个地面气象台站观测资料, 研究了云与雪的判识及图像去云处理方法, 提出了云层覆盖下图像缺值插补处理的一种新算法; 采用线性混合光谱分解方法, 研究了基于像元的积雪覆盖率及积雪空间分类算法, 模拟出北疆地区积雪深度遥感地学反演模型. 研究结果可为牧区雪情动态监测、分析与综合评价系统的建设提供科学依据.     

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE WIND. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE IN PLATEAU OF MONGOLIA

After analyzing the mean pressure, dominant wind and temperature data of 40 observation sta-tions in Mongolia from 1961 to 1990, we reach some conclusions as below: (a) The warm advec-tion in the free atmosphere hardly reaches the ground in the west in winter. Because of thermody-namic differences of various meso- and micro-topography, there are "multi-centers" in the pressurefield, and the dominant wind field is "disordered": the temperatures on the convexi-concave orog-raphy and sun-shady slope are different significantly. There is cold advection in the east side,which can reaches the ground and the air pressure field is a "unity". The wind field is dominated bythe west wind. The temperature differences of various slope directions are small, and becomesmaller with height. (b) In summer, the upper control flow (planetary west wind) becomes weak-er, and the orographic air pressure centers in the east develop. Over the windward side of themountain high pressure prevails, and over the lee side low pressure does. These areas becomedeserts for dryness and lack of rainfall. Air temperature in summer can be expressed by latitude,longitude and elevation.     

调整触发检测参数的图形界面工具

介绍一个图形化的调整触发检测算法参数的实用工具软件。其操作简单,检测结果直观,并用该工具软件得到了一些初步结果,他是提高检测效果有效的辅助软件工具。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIATION IN SURFACE ALBEDO AND SNOW FORCING OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

The combination of field experiments and satellite observations is the fundamental way tounderstand the characteristics of spatial-temporal variation in surface albedo over the Tibetan(Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau. Under the condition without snow cover, the relatively regular annualvariation cycle of the surface albedo can be expressed by an empirical formula. The effect of snowcover on the surface albedo in winter can be expressed by introducing two variables of snow forcingand sensitivity parameter. The existing satellite retrieved results of surface albedo may provide thedigital grid data for describing the geographical distribution. However, some satellite retrievedsurface albedos available over the Tibetan Plateau are obviously too low in winter. Taking thesatellite derived results in summer as the background field representative of geographicaldistribution and combining the empirical formula of annual cycle based on the surface observations,a dynamic model of surface albedo is developed for the need of modeling the climatic influence ofthe underlying surface forcing of the Tibetan Plateau.     

甘肃省暴雨初探

着重分析甘肃省的暴雨特性与时空分布规律,列举了历年实测和调查最大点暴雨特征值,绘制了短历时暴雨～高程相关线、选配丁甘肃最大点暴雨外包线公式,对历年各时段最大暴雨均值、极值、Cv、Cs值等暴雨参数及典型暴雨时程分配和面时关系线等方面作了初步探讨。