基于网络数据库环境的数字化测绘应用系统设计

通过省级空间数据基础设施项目 (简称 PSDI)、数字化测绘生产管理和调度系统 (简称 Map MIS)的设计实例 ,讨论了网络和数据库在数字化测绘应用中的技术问题。     

Persistent organochlorine pollutants in Korean offshore waters: Squid (Todarodes pacificus) as a biomonitor

Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were determined in Japanese common squid collected from the offshore waters of Korea. Liver accumulated higher levels of contaminants than mantle. The sums of DDTs, PCBs, CHLs and HCHs in liver were in the ranges of 164-4430 ng g⁻¹, 95-1030 ng g⁻¹, 15-121 ng g⁻¹, and 13-98 ng g⁻¹ on a lipid weight basis, respectively. Among the POPs, DDTs showed distinct regional difference in concentration levels and composition between the western and eastern offshore of Korea. One of the highest concentrations of DDTs so far recorded in the western offshore of Korea, that is Yellow Sea. This implies ongoing fresh input of technical DDT to this regional sea. HCHs were relatively high in the Yellow Sea as well, with an enhanced signal of γ-HCH indicating recent input of lindane. In contrast, CHLs showed higher level in the eastern offshore of Korea, that is East Sea, but PCBs showed an even distribution in both regions. Squid could be a useful bio-indicator for monitoring offshore water contamination by POPs.     

Digital mapping of riverine waterway hydrodynamic and geomorphic features

This paper proposes an innovative, non‐intrusive method for mapping waterway characteristics in riverine areas. The technique uses photogrammetry to provide quantitative information about the dry area in the vicinity of the waterways (banks and floodplain) and image processing algorithms to characterize the flow. Riverside images of a riverine area are decomposed into quasi‐planar areas and ortho‐rectified and re‐assembled to obtain a panoramic ortho‐view of the area of interest. Morphological features of interest (such as river bank positions, flood plain edges, mud deposits, vegetation and erosion patterns) are then identified on the ortho‐view and mapped digitally. Image sequences of the river flow are recorded, allowing a surface velocity analysis to be obtained through Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). Finally, the mapped elements and the surface velocities are displayed together in a GIS‐like visualization. Through the presentation of a case study of a flood event at a culvert site, this paper demonstrates the capability of the technique to monitor characteristics of waterways over time. The method is inexpen‐sive (a conventional video or digital camera can be used), fast and requires minimum preparation. It can be applied in such important river‐related research areas as morphodynamic and sediment transport studies. It also fosters an improved understand‐ing of the coupling between the river and its banks, which is essential for river restoration and eco‐habitat studies. The present methodology is readily available for implementation in routine bridge inspections, fitted with an easy‐to‐use graphical interface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

最高（低）温度PP法预报修正方案的比较研究

用EC850hPa温度数值预报格点值为参考做短中期的最高(低)温度预报是预报员常用的温度预报方法,本文提出了划分季节、划分有无降水和划分850hPa变温3种最高(低)温度PP法修正预报方案,并进行比较,找出最优方法,使最高(低)温度的预报精确度在原来的基础上有所提高。      

Prediction of landslide occurrence based on slope-instability analysis and hydrological model simulation

Hillslope failure usually occurs as soil resistance deteriorates in the presence of the acting stress developed by a rising groundwater level during rainstorms. The present study adopted a slope-instability analysis and a hydrological model for landslide prediction during heavy rainstorms. Variation of the groundwater table on hillslope was simulated by using the hydrological model and then the temporal groundwater level at each grid was substituted into the slope-instability analysis to determine the instability of the grids in watersheds for prediction of massive landslides.Hydrological records from two landslide-prone areas in northern Taiwan were collected. Digital elevation model was adopted to obtain the geomorphologic factors required for the slope-instability analysis and the hydrological model. The spatial distribution of soil thickness required for performing the infinite slope model was estimated by using a wetness index. Results showed that the temporal variation of the percentage of unstable grids in the study watersheds basically followed the variation of rainfall hyetographs. The percentage of the unstable grids reached a maximum value when the centroid of the hyetograph passed. A comparison between the landslide records and the model analytical results revealed that a massive landslide might occur if more than 50% of the grids in the subwatershed were classified as unstable in the study areas. The predicted time and location of landslide occurrence were consistent with those obtained from field investigations. It is therefore considered promising to apply the developed analytical method for landslide warning to alleviate the loss of lives and property.     

城市三维建模技术与标准研究

对三维建模的相关技术和标准进行探讨,重点对城市景观的三维表达、三维建模精度与标准进行研究,并提出几何精度与纹理分辨率的一致性标准.     

陆缘裂谷盆地的形成演化与VMS矿床形成特征和成因类型的关系：以云南鲁春铜矿为例

云南鲁春铜矿位于“三江”地区金沙江造山带内的鲁春—红坡牛场裂谷盆地。研究发现,鲁春铜矿赋存于一套以长英质为主的双峰式火山岩中,矿体分布呈“上层下脉”状,具有“上黄下黑”的金属分带特征,矿石矿物以方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿为主。而地球化学特征显示矿石与蚀变围岩及矿区火山岩的微量元素配分特征具有良好的相似性。矿石硫化物的δ34S值为115‰~178‰,矿石铅同位素比值为206Pb/204Pb=18498~18626,207Pb/204Pb=15588~15760, 208Pb/204Pb=38430~38974。阐述了鲁春—红坡牛场裂谷盆地的演化历史以及盆地内大量双峰式火山岩具有洋脊或板内拉张的特征,陆缘火山弧中重新拉张塌陷形成裂谷盆地,造成基底玄武岩浆上侵,从而导致大规模双峰式火山岩的喷发,这一系列特殊的构造背景和成矿环境促进了地壳内热液循环系统的形成,含矿热液的上升喷流和矿质沉淀集积,最终导致矿床形成。     

四种红翎菜科红藻的分子系统学研究

红翎菜科海藻藻体形态结构多样,部分个体在长期进化过程中发生了形态特征的变异,其分类学一直是研究的热点和难点。本研究选取了23Sribosomal RNA gene(UPA)、cox2-3和rbc spacer 3个片段运用PCR扩增的方法研究了红翎菜科4种海藻的序列结构特征,结果表明琼枝、卡帕藻属2种海藻和麒麟菜的UPA长度均为326bp,GC含量46.0%～46.3%;cox2-3序列长度分别为141、139和141bp,GC含量19.3%～23.7%;rbc spacer序列长度分别为93、93和94bp,GC含量22.3%～23.7%。利用PAUP软件分别用邻接法(NJ)、最大似然法(ML)和最大简约法(MP)对红翎菜科海藻进行系统发育分析,结果表明3个属海藻均可以通过UPA、cox2-3和rbc spacer 3个片段得到有效的区分,并且这3个片段也均可进一步将卡帕藻属2个种区分开来。本文在分析基因片段的基础上,比较了3个属不同物种间的信息位点,为分子系统学研究提供了一定的数据支持。     

Resistance of Hong Kong waters to nutrient enrichment: assessment of the role of physical processes in reducing eutrophication

Hong Kong waters receive high nutrient loading from year-round sewage effluent and Pearl River discharge during the summer wet season. We assessed the role of physical processes in reducing eutrophication by calculating a eutrophication reduction index for four different hydrographical areas and four seasons. We used outdoor incubation experiments to assess the response of phytoplankton when physical (mixing and dilution) processes and mesozooplankton grazing were reduced. The primary regulator of phytoplankton growth in low nutrient eastern waters (reference site) shifted from nutrients in the wet season to increased vertical mixing in the dry season. In the highly flushed western waters and Victoria Harbour, the majority (>86?%) of the eutrophication impacts were reduced by strong hydrodynamic mixing (turbulence, vertical mixing, and flushing effects) all year. In southern waters, eutrophication effects were severe (chlorophyll a of up to ~73?μg?L^?1) and was regulated by the ambient phosphate (PO₄) concentration (~0.1?μM) during summer. In contrast, 62–96?% of the potential eutrophication impacts were reduced by physical processes during other seasons. Bioassays also revealed that the yield of chlorophyll from dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) that was taken up by phytoplankton [1.1–3.3?g?Chl (mol?N)^?1] was not significantly different in both N- and P-limited cases. In contrast, the uptake ratios of DIN:PO₄ (26:1–105:1) and Chl:P ratios [42–150?g?Chl (mol?P)^?1] in the P-limited cases were significantly (p?<?0.05, t test) higher than the N-limited cases [~16DIN:1P and 22–48?g?Chl (mol?P)^?1]. The C:Chl ratios ranged from 32 to 87?g?g^?1. These potential ranges in ratios need to be considered in future nutrient models.     

三角褐指藻Δ5去饱和酶基因的原核表达

Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶(Δ5fatty acid desaturase)是合成花生四烯酸(AA)和EPA的关键酶。为了构建三角褐指藻Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶基因(简称D5)的原核表达重组质粒,并实现在E.coli BL21(DE3)中的表达。本研究根据GenBank中三角褐指藻Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶基因序列,设计引物,扩增该基因并插入到pET28a中,测序鉴定后,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物。结果表明pET28a-D5构建成功,IPTG能诱导D5特异性表达。