2004欧洲X射线光谱分析会议

介绍了2004欧洲X射线光谱分析会议的简况和会议所讨论的热点问题。利用聚合毛细管X射线透镜进行微区分析是近期X射线领域最受关注的热点。     

Structural features and petroleum geology of the fold-thrust belt in the southern Tarim basin, China

The west Kunlun fold-thrust belt (WKFTB) and the Altun fold-thrust belt (AFTB) are respectively located in the southern margin of the Tarim basin, NW China. The analyses of typical structures and regional dynamics of the fold-thrust belts reveal their different structural and petroleum features and mechanisms. WKFTB differs from AFTB by abundant fault-related folds and triangles zones, and was formed by northward extrusion of the west Kunlun orogen. AFTB was affected synchronously by northward extrusion of the Altun orogen and the sinistral strike-slipping of the Altun Fault, so it is characterized by the minor scale and the monotonous structural styles. The Aqike anticline and the Aqike fault, of which the strikes are orthogonal to the strike of the fold-thrust belts, are regarded as the adjustive structures between both of the fold-thrust belts. The oil-gas pools of WKFTB develop mainly in the faulted-related anticline traps, but the oil-gas pools of AFTB develop mainly in the low fault-block and anticlines traps related with the paleo-uplifts. There are different exploration countermeasures for both of the fold-thrust belts.     

Influence of the zone of weakness on dip angle and shear heating of subducted slabs

We study the importance of the zones of weakness and the pattern of downgoing flow in steady-state models of subducting lithosphere, which interacts mechanically and thermally with the ambient mantle. The non-linear system of governing equations consists of (i) the momentum equation in stream function formulation and (ii) the steady-state heat transfer equation including conduction and advection of heat and dissipation. A finite element method has been applied to this system. We consider the viscosity to be a non-linear function of both the temperature and the stream function. In steady-state two-dimensional (2D) flow, the stream function isolines follow material trajectories. They are used to follow the top of the subducting slab, which because of its possible increase in water content, is assumed to have a lower viscosity. The zone of weakness has been thus obtained in the self-consistent fashion since the stream function as well as the temperature are the output from our modeling and no a priori assumptions about the shape of the bending lithosphere are taken into account. It was shown that several orders decrease of viscosity in the zone of weakness is required to obtain the dip angle of about 45°. If the decrease of viscosity is not sufficient enough, the subducted slab either sinks almost vertically or does not exhibit a plate-like behavior. We have also demonstrated that shear heating can unrealistically increase at the zone of weakness for fast subductions if decrease of viscosity is underestimated.     

The algorithm of decomposing superim-posed 2-D Poisson processes and its applica-tion to the extracting earthquake clustering pattern

IntroductionClusteringearthquakesareusuallyconsideredasomensofstrongearthquakesorasignaloftectonicmovement.Thus,theyarenotonlyoneoftheprimaryevidencestopredictearthquakesbutalsoasignificantindicatortorecognizetectonicmovement(MEI,etal,1993;EarthquakePre-dictionandPreventionDepartmentofChinaSeismologicalBureau,1998).Ongeneralconditions,webelievethatclusteringearthquakesexistrelativelytobackgroundearthquakes,howtoeffectivelyseparateonefromtheotherbecomesthekeypointofextractingtheclusteringea…     

A Modeling Study of the Effects of Anomalous Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian Summer Monsoon

The effect of anomalous snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian summer monsoon is investigated by numerical simulations using the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM2) into which gravity wave drag has been introduced. The simulations adopt relatively realistic snow mass forcings based on Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SNINIR) pentad snow depth data. The physical mechanism and spatial structure of the sensitivity of the South Asian early summer monsoon to snow cover anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau are revealed. The main results are summarized as follows. The heavier than normal snow cover over the Plateau can obviously reduce the shortwave radiation absorbed by surface through the albedo effect, which is compensated by weaker upward sensible heat flux associated with colder surface temperature, whereas the effects of snow melting and evaporation are relatively smaller.The anomalies of surface heat fluxes can last until June and become unobvious in July. The decrease of the Plateau surface temperature caused by heavier snow cover reaches its maximum value from late April to early May. The atmospheric cooling in the mid-upper troposphere over the Plateau and its surrounding areas is most obvious in May and can keep a fairly strong intensity in June. In contrast, there is warming to the south of the Plateau in the mid-lower troposphere from April to June with a maximum value in May.The heavier snow cover over the Plateau can reduce the intensity of the South Asian summer monsoon and rainfall to some extent, but this influence is only obvious in early summer and almost disappears in later stages.     

遵义县的雷暴与防雷

利用遵义县1961～2003年的地面观测资料,对遵义县雷暴的时空分布特点作初步统计分析,并计算遵义县建筑物年预计雷击次数、年平均密度,划分防雷类别,对遵义县开展防雷工作有一定的参考价值,对遵义县的综合防雷措施具有实际指导作用.     

叠前深度偏移述评

叠前深度偏移是理想的改善复杂地区和强横向速度变化的地震资料成像技术,笔者就4种典型叠前深度偏移方法的理论基础与技术特点,存在的问题及国内外最新进展进行了讨论.     

北京云蒙山片麻状花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

应用锆石SHRIMP定年方法对云蒙山片麻状花岗岩进行年代学研究 ,得到 4组年龄 :14 4± 4Ma、16 0～ 16 3Ma、193～ 2 18Ma和 2 4 16Ma。其中 14 4± 4Ma代表了云蒙山岩体的侵位时间 ,16 0～ 16 3Ma和 193～ 2 18Ma两组年龄可能是岩浆侵位过程中捕虏锆石的年龄。 2 4 16Ma与Davis等的锆石U_Pb法上交点年龄 (190 0～ 2 4 0 0Ma)一致 ,可能反映了原岩的时代 ,说明该花岗岩来源于晚太古代片麻岩的局部熔融或者是岩浆侵位过程中捕获了晚太古代的锆石。     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔0～2000米流体剖面及流体地球化学研究

地下深部流体的来源与演化的研究已成为国际地球化学领域的探索前沿和研究热点之一，中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)为开展深部流体地球化学研究提供了珍贵的样品，构建了探索地下流体的研究平台。中给出了中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)主孔He、Ar、N2、O2、H2、CH4、CO2流体地球化学剖面。CCSD主孔CH4浓度的变化与H2浓度的升降没有显相关性；CO2浓度的变化与钻井条件下的氧含量无显相关性；CO2浓度与CH4浓度的关系有三种情况：CO2浓度与CH4浓度不相关、CO2浓度与CH4浓度负相关、或CO2浓度与CH4浓度正相关；氦浓度的增加与CO2和CH4浓度的上升呈现一定的正相关。大气中N2、O2、Ar浓度太高，掩盖了井中N2、O2、Ar气体组分浓度变化，通常情况下N2、O2、Ar浓度变化难以作为深源气体的判据。CCSD流体与KTB流体中氧．氮关系基本一致，氧、氮线性相关(r=0.97)，表明这两种气体主要来源于大气。KTB中的CH4与乙烷、N2表现出非常强的线性关系，而在CCSD流体中CH4与乙烷、N2之间不存在线性相关性。两个地区间的流体成因、围岩相互作用机理等方面可能有所不同。在CCSD主孔中，目前已发现存在大量的CO2，及少量CO、CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C4H10和He、N2等气体。已确定300～2000米主孔出现多处来自于地下的气体异常，包括甲烷和C2～C4等烃类气体，一氧化碳与二氧化碳，稀有气体氦。根据流体各组分间相关性研究，可以判定异常中氧主要来源于大气，N2、Ar和CO2有一部分源于大气，一部分来源于地下。在流体显异常时，甲烷等烃类气体、氦、一氧化碳和绝大部分CO2来源于地下。出现显地下流体异常处，在岩石中存在裂隙、晶洞、破裂面、断层；它们作为流体迁移通道或存储空间，可能是流体存在的必要条件。某些CO2和He气异常与碳酸盐和铀矿石等围岩密切相关。