Influence of Near Real-Time Green Vegetation Fraction Data on Numerical Weather Prediction by WRF over North China

The green vegetation fraction(GVF) can greatly influence the partitioning of surface sensible and latent heat fluxes in numerical weather prediction(NWP) models. However, the multiyear averaged monthly GVF climatology—the most commonly used representation of the vegetation state in models—cannot capture the real-time vegetation state well. In this study, a near real-time(NRT) GVF dataset generated from an 8-day composite of the normalized difference vegetation index is compared with the 10-yr averaged monthly GVF provided by the WRF model. The annual variability of the GVF over North China is examined in detail. Many differences between the two GVF datasets are found over dryland, grassland, and cropland/grassland mosaic areas. Two experiments using different GVF datasets are performed to assess the impacts of GVF on forecasts of screen-level temperature and humidity. The results show that using NRT GVF can lead to a widespread reduction of 2-m temperature forecast errors from April to October.Evaluation against in-situ observations shows that the positive impact on 2-m temperature forecasts in the morning is more distinct than that in the afternoon. Our study demonstrates that NRT GVF can provide a more realistic representation of the vegetation state, which in turn helps to improve short-range forecasts in arid and semiarid regions of North China. Moreover, our study shows that the negative effect of using NRT GVF is closely related to the initial soil moisture.     

The impacts of base level and lithology on fluvial geomorphic evolution at the tectonically active Laohu and Hasi Mountains,northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Previous researches had emphasized tectonic impacts on the fluvial system at the tectonically active areas, while the effects of lithology and local base level change have received relatively rare attention. Here we investigated fluvial landforms at different spatial scales, focusing on knickpoints and channel network reorganization from an area affected by the Haiyuan Fault in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The geomorphic indices, i.e., drainage pattern and χ anomalies, were calculated and investigated. The results show that two regional radial drainages formed around the Laohu and Hasi Mountains. Within the interior of the radial drainage, tributaries from the southeast side of the Laohu Mountain experienced near 180° direction change.We interpret this as the gradual drainage capture originating from the height difference(～190 m) of the local base level between the two catchments. Some tributaries from the Hasi Mountain show alternating gorges and broad valleys controlled by lithology.Besides, tectonic uplift and the lowering of base level(from the incision of the Yellow River) triggered an autogenic positivefeedback transition from parallel to dendritic drainage patterns. These observations suggest that base level change and lithology play a crucial role in landscape evolution, even in a tectonically active region.     

均匀流体和不均匀流体的形成机制:来自合成流体包裹体的证据

为详细了解流体的形成机制, 对系统的流体包裹体合成实验进行研究.研究表明, 在合成流体包裹体实验中, 广泛存在流体的均一化和沸腾作用; 流体的均匀与否, 与流体p-t轨迹在TP (H₂O)-CP(H₂O)-CP(NaCl-H₂O) 曲线的部位有密切的关系.p-t轨迹在曲线上部的流体为均匀流体, 反之则为沸腾流体.但也有例外, 如在溶解曲线上被主矿物捕获的流体.这为本次研究一定条件下流体的形成机制、探讨成矿作用提供了理论依据.      

全站仪断面测量方法

从野外断面测量的角度出发,主要讨论全站仪在断面测量中的野外观测方法、数据处理思路以及相应的软件研制.     

南黄海北部千里岩断裂活动性初探

在南黄海北部海域首次针对千里岩断裂进行了声波探测。根据声波反射剖面所显示的晚第四纪断裂活动性差异,大致以朝连岛断裂为界,可把千里岩断裂分为2段,南段晚更新世以来不活动,在日照东南海域跨断裂的声波剖面上晚更新世地层没有受到断层错断的影响;北段在晚更新世晚期活动,从千里岩岛西侧至石岛湾以东海域,在声波剖面上可见多处上更新统中上部地层错断现象。虽然自建立测震台网以来沿千里岩断裂及附近海域内尚未发生5级及以上地震,也未见小震丛集现象,但是,千里岩断裂的晚更新世活动段长度>100km,具有发生6·5级左右地震的可能性,在地震预报和地震危险性分析中值得进一步研究     

分维模型在土地利用研究中的应用

以美国LANDSAT/TM遥感数据为信息源,采用分维分析的方法,对珠江三角洲土地利用结构和土地利用变化趋势进行研究。探讨了土地利用类型对空间占据程度、稳定性、变化趋势同分维数之间的关系。结果表明:分维数越高,该土地利用类型对空间的占据程度越大,稳定性越差;反之,则该土地利用类型对空间的占据程度越小,稳定性越强。分维数的变化反映土地利用类型的变化趋势:分维数增大,该土地类型越不稳定,则该土地利用类型扩张,相反,则该土地利用类型缩小。通过具体案例分析,表明分维数及其变化成为土地利用类型结构相关研究的有用指标。     

溶藻弧菌asp基因在大肠杆菌中表达活性研究及条件优化

为进一步研究溶藻弧菌碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶(ASP)蛋白生物学活性和功能,将构建的pET23d-asp在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,对表达产物进行纯化分析,并优化表达条件。结果表明:在咪唑洗脱缓冲液浓度为100 mmol/L时,表达的可溶性ASP被大量洗脱,纯化的ASP相对分子质量约为42 000,具有蛋白活性;在诱导温度28℃、异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷(Isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)浓度1 mmol/L及诱导时间16 h时,表达的活性ASP蛋白最多。     

TS50全站仪配合多测回测角软件在地铁基坑监测中的应用

TS50全站仪配合徕卡多测回测角软件能够自动瞄准、自动观测,具有高智能、高精度的特点,从而在地铁基坑监测领域得到广泛的应用.文章结合济南市轨道交通R1线前大彦站基坑监测项目实践,对测量方法、数据处理、监测效果等方面进行论述.实际应用表明:基于TS50全站仪的多测回测角软件能提供及时可靠的监测数据,科学指导基坑施工,保证...     

海洋平台复杂节点阴极保护电位分布的有限元法计算

了解阴极保护电位分布是合理设计阴极保护工程的必要条件和评价阴极保护效果的重要依据。本文应用有限元素法(FEM)计算海洋平台复杂节点表面的阴极保护电位分布。在实验室通过边界条件试验建立数学模型,计算海水中被保护的I,Y,K型复杂节点电位分布情况。计算结果与测量结果吻合得很好,说明FEM能够应用于海洋平台复杂节点阴极保护电位分布的计算,所获得的边界条件合理。     

冀南綦村斑状石英二长岩角闪石环带结构及其地质意义

为阐释岩浆两阶段演化过程及其与铁成矿的关系,对邯邢铁矿区斑状石英二长岩中角闪石斑晶环带结构进行了成因矿物学研究.通过角闪石温度计、压力计、氧逸度计和湿度计的计算,发现岩浆在14km深处岩浆房内经过多次岩浆混合过程,其后演化的岩浆侵位到1.9 km的深度.岩浆房的温度为935～964℃,氧逸度为△NNO+0.27～△NN...