Progresses in the ice formation of glaciers in China

Glaciers, formed by snowfall and characterized by movement and size, are the most sensitive indicators to climate change. The ice formation of glaciers (the processes, mechanisms and results of transformation from snow to ice) can indicate the growth condition, the formation process and the physical characteristics of glaciers. Its spatial variation can also reflect glacier change, and further reveal climate change. Studies on ice formation of glaciers in China were initiated in 1962, when Xie and others studied the ice formation of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Other researchersfollowed suit and did studies on ice formation of glaciers in Qilian Mountain. As time goes by, the concept of ice formation came into being in China. This paper reviews the development history of glacier zones, and the studies of ice formation of glaciers in China since the 1960s. These studies mainly focus on Qilian Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Altay Mountain, and the western Kunlun Mountain, Himalaya Mountain, the southeastern Tibetan and Hengduan Mountains. The paper also discusses the significance of ice formation studies, the limitation and deficiency of previous studies, and the prospects and suggestions for future studies. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(4): 386–395 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

Genesis of the Xinqiao Gold-Sulfide Orefield, Anhui Province, China

The Xinqiao S-Fe-Cu-Au orefield is located in the Tongling ore cluster in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in East China. There have been many researches regarding the genesis of the Xinqiao orefield in recent years, showing that it belongs to various types, such as sedimentary-reformed type, stratabound-skarn type, sedimentary submarine rocks-hosted exhalative type. We propose that it was formed in two periods of mineralization base on systematic field observation and Pb and S isotopic analyses in nearly ten years. The first period was formed during a syngenetic sedimentary process, whereas the massive sulphide orebodies are mainly related to the Yanshanian granitic magmatism. Sulfide metallic mineral associations show zoning around a granite intrusion, i.e. magnetite and pyrite→pyrite, chalcopyrite and native gold→pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Gold orebodies occur outside the contact zone of the granite intrusion.     

新疆谢米斯台地区小岩体型矿化遥感探测

中酸性小岩体易被地质填图遗漏,严重制约了该类型矿化的发现。在新疆西准噶尔谢米斯台地区找矿工作中,首先利用ETM+数据进行小岩体扫面,进而选取重点区采用ETM+和中巴资源卫星02B HR数据进行分辨率融合后解译、识别中酸性小岩体,并利用主成分分析法提取蚀变遥感异常,结合地质、化探信息综合分析后确定重点检查区域。利用此方法共解译出14个钾质花岗岩和3个黑云母花岗岩小岩体,这些小岩体大多被野外检查所证实。经野外检查发现了5处铜、金矿化点,证实了该方法的有效性。本研究中采用的方法可以为西部地区地质填图和中酸性小岩体型矿产资源勘查提供借鉴。     

浅谈激电中梯在吉林和安河金矿区的应用效果

通过对吉林省和龙市和安和金矿区的激电中梯的(视电阻率、视极化率)异常分析,结合区内地质条件,认为视极化率异常对指导该区进一步工作具有一定意义。     

北阿尔金拉配泉米兰群片麻岩及其中两期基性岩墙群LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

北阿尔金拉配泉北侧米兰群混合角闪斜长片麻岩被2期基性岩墙群(辉绿玢岩和棕闪煌斑岩)侵位。本次分别对三者进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素侧年。混合岩化角闪斜长片麻岩中锆石结晶年龄为2007Ma±25Ma,结合西北地区2.0Ga左右广泛的构造-热事件,可能与Columbia超大陆汇聚有关。辉绿玢岩和棕闪煌斑岩的年龄结构相似,锆石较老年龄组分分别为1962~2093Ma和1804~2038Ma,系在侵位时从围岩(混合角闪斜长片麻岩)中捕获的锆石的年龄;最年轻的年龄组分(79~94Ma)代表基性岩墙群的侵位时间,与阿尔金北缘断裂伸展活动有关;古生代年龄(288~504Ma)为岩墙群上侵过程中同化混染北阿尔金蛇绿混杂岩带部分岩石的年龄。     

贵州西南部峨眉山玄武岩分布区架底和大麦地金矿床金的赋存状态

贵州西南部峨眉山玄武岩分布区位于滇黔桂"金三角"北段,区内成矿地质条件优越、找矿前景较好.贵州省地矿局一0五地质大队根据黔西南地区金矿找矿建立的成矿模式,理论指导找矿,近年来成功新发现了赋存于峨眉山玄武岩中的架底大型金矿床和大麦地中型金矿床,在贵州西南部峨眉山玄武岩分布区乃至全国玄武岩分布区实现了原生金矿的重大找矿突破,架底、大麦地两个金矿床地质特征基本一致.通过详实的岩相学研究,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)和金物相分析研究,认为金主要以"不可见金"形式赋存于含砷黄铁矿和毒砂中.架底金矿床赋存于峨眉山玄武岩组中的金矿体(Ⅱ矿体)中的金主要以包裹金形式存在于硫化物中,其平均占有率达73.8％,其次为硅酸盐矿物中的金和游离金,其平均占有率分别为15.4％、8.8％;而赋存于构造蚀变体(SBT)中的金矿体(Ⅰ矿体)中的金主要以游离金形式存在,其平均占有率达90.6％,其次以包裹金形式存在于硫化物、硅酸盐矿物和碳酸盐矿物中,可能与样品受后期风化-氧化作用有关.大麦地金矿床赋存于峨眉山玄武岩组中的金矿体(Ⅱ矿体)中的金与赋存于构造蚀变体(SBT)中的金矿体(Ⅰ矿体)中的金的存在形式基本一致,主要以包裹金形式存在于硅酸盐矿物和硫化物中,其平均占有率分别为41.2％、35.6％,其次为游离金,其平均占有率为16.4％.     

黑潮延伸体上游中尺度涡场的年代际振荡及其相关机制

黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场的涡动能和涡特征尺度存在显著地年代际振荡,和黑潮延伸体路径的年代际变化有很好的相关性。当黑潮延伸体路径比较稳定时,其上游区域涡动能比较高,涡特征尺度比较大,反之相反。通过对黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场进行集合分析发现:当黑潮延伸体处于稳定状态时,上游涡场几乎是各向均匀地,有轻微的径向伸长;而当黑潮延伸体处于不稳定状态时,上游的中尺度涡场有显著地纬向伸长。对与中尺度涡场的产生相关的线性斜压不稳定和正压不稳定进行了计算分析,结果显示,线性斜压不稳定不是控制中尺度涡场年代际变化的机制,而正压不稳定对中尺度涡场的年代际变化有积极的贡献。不稳定产生的中尺度涡之间存在非线性涡-涡相互作用。     

Provenance System Analysis of the Nantun Formation of the Huhehu Sag in Hailar Basin

Huhehu Sag is a new battlefield for the future oil and gas exploration in the Hailar Basin. At present, exploration of this area stays at a low level and the understanding of the provenance system of the Nantun Formation is comparatively weak. So, to carry out the detailed depiction of the provenance system in the study area is significant for the sedimentary system reconstruction, for the prediction of reservoir distribution and favorable areas. Based on comprehensive analysis of paleogeomorphy, light-heavy mineral and seismic reflection features, sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage, this paper analyzes in detail the provenance system of the Nantun Formation in Huhehu Sag from various angles and levels. It shows that provenances of the Huhehu Sag mainly originated from the eastern Xilinbeier Salient and western Bayan Mountain Uplift. The provenances surrounding the lake basin converged to the center of the basin, among which, the steep slope belt and the gentle slope belt are the main provenances, and the southern uplift is a secondary one. The distribution framework of the provenance fundamentally determines the distribution rules of the depositional system and its sand body developing during the Nantun period.     

冀北承德盆地九龙山组凝灰岩夹层LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

冀北承德盆地中生代侏罗纪地层序列较齐全,但作为关键层位之一的九龙山组一直缺乏高精度年代学的约束。笔者首次对九龙山组凝灰岩夹层进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb高精度定年,获得凝灰岩中岩浆锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄164.1±1.3 Ma。综合研究及对比表明,九龙山组的时限为158~164Ma,属中侏罗世晚期至晚侏罗世早期,对应于国际地层表的牛津期至卡洛维期,其沉积时间相对短暂。在此基础上,更新了研究区侏罗系年代地层柱状图,该认识对于深入研究燕山地区中生代侏罗纪地层格架及构造岩浆演化过程具有重要意义。