一种图像自动拼接方法的研究

以关键帧作为待拼接图像,为了减少图像间的扭曲和变形,保证图像整体关系的正确性,减少误差的累积传播,得到最佳的拼接结果,本文采用三种技术来提高图像自动拼接的精度。首先,通过摄像机标定实现关键帧的矫正;其次,采用基于Harris和SURF算法完成特征点的匹配;最后,在特征匹配的基础上进行光束法平差得到高精度的图像参数。实验结果表明,此方法稳定可靠,拼接精度高。     

Origin of a metamorphosed lithic clast in CM chondrite Grove Mountains 021536

Abstract– A metamorphosed lithic clast was discovered in the CM chondrite Grove Mountains 021536, which was collected in the Antarctica by the Chinese Antarctic Research Exploration team. The lithic clast is composed mainly of Fe‐rich olivine (Fo₆₂) with minor diopside (Fs_9.7–11.1Wo_48.3–51.6), plagioclase (An_43–46.5), nepheline, merrillite, Al‐rich chromite (21.8 wt% Al₂O₃; 4.43 wt% TiO₂), and pentlandite. Δ¹⁷O values of olivine in the lithic clast vary from ?3.9‰ to ?0.8‰. Mineral compositions and oxygen isotopic compositions of olivine suggest that the lithic clast has an exotic source different from the CM chondrite parent body. The clast could be derived from strong thermal metamorphism of pre‐existing chondrule that has experienced low‐temperature anhydrous alteration. The lithic clast is similar in mineral assemblage and chemistry to a few clasts observed in oxidized CV3 chondrites (Mokoia and Yamato‐86009) and might have been derived from the interior of the primitive CV asteroid. The apparent lack of hydration in the lithic clast indicates that the clast accreted into the CM chondrite after hydration of the CM components.     

ANNUAL VARIATIONS OF TEMPERATURE ON FOUR URBAN UNDERLYING SURFACES AND FITTING ANALYSIS

Based on the observed 2-year temperature data for four kinds of typical urban underlying surfaces, including asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land, the annual variations and influencing factors of land surface temperature are analyzed. Then fitting equations for surface temperature are established. It is shown that the annual variation of daily average, maximum and minimum temperature and daily temperature range on the four urban underlying surfaces is consistent with the change in air temperature. The difference of temperature on different underlying surfaces in the summer half year (May to October) is much more evident than that in the winter half year (December to the following April). The daily average and maximum temperatures of asphalt, cement, bare land and grass land are higher than air temperature due to the atmospheric heating in the daytime, with that of asphalt being the highest, followed in turn by cement, bare land and grass land. Moreover, the daily average, maximum and minimum temperature on the four urban underlying surfaces are strongly impacted by total cloud amount, daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours. The land surface can be cooled (warmed) by increased total cloud amount (relative humidity). The changes in temperature on bare land and grass land are influenced by both the total cloud amount and the daily average relative humidity. The temperature parameters of the four land surfaces are significantly correlated with daily average, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, daily average relative humidity and total cloud amount, respectively. The analysis also indicates that the range of fitting parameter of a linear regression equation between the surface temperature of the four kinds of typical land surface and the air temperature is from 0.809 to 0.971, passing the F-test with a confidence level of 0.99.     

北京城市高温遥感指标初探与时空格局分析

利用北京高温天气下的NOAA18/AVHRR卫星资料与气象台站资料,分析了日最高气温与遥感反演的城市地表温度的关系,初步确定了地表高温阈值并建立了高温遥感指标,并利用1989~2008年(缺2002年)6~9月NOAA/AVHRR资料开展了北京地区高温时空格局分析研究。指标初步研究表明:北京气温高温值为35、37、40°C对应的遥感地表高温值分别为44、47、52°C,可以较好地适用于北京平原地区;利用该阈值建立的地表高温强度指标(LSHI)对北京平原高温的监测与气象台站高温监测基本一致,而高温比例指数指标(LSHP)能有效反映出城市高温空间强弱和时间差异。北京遥感地表高温空间格局分析显示:夏季(6~8月)旬平均遥感地表温度≥44°C年出现概率不超过50%,广泛分布于城区和平原区;旬平均遥感地表温度≥47°C年出现概率不超过40%,集中于北京五环内;旬平均遥感地表温度≥52°C年出现概率不超过15%,集中于城区;6~9月高温出现的概率高值区一般都集中于五环内,其中旬平均遥感地表温度≥44°C、≥47°C、≥52°C的出现概率分别为80%~100%、60%~80%、10%~40%。     

基于重整化群方法的红层软岩损伤破坏逾渗阈值研究

逾渗现象广泛存在于大自然中,当物体中起决定性作用的关键变量变化至某一阈值时,其状态发生突变,此时关键变量的临界值称为逾渗阈值。岩石在水的作用下的损伤破坏过程中存在着逾渗现象,可通过重整化群的方法来研究。本文针对华南地区广泛分布的红层软岩,探讨了其在损伤过程中的逾渗现象与破坏的本质关联。通过对典型红层软岩的微观结构分析,概化出红层软岩的骨架构件和胶结物构件,建立红层软岩的重整化群模型的基本单元,将基本单元进行组合,建立出红层软岩的重整化群模型。根据重整化变换规则,推导计算出其逾渗阈值。研究表明:当红层软岩在荷载条件下的破坏临近逾渗阈值时,其内部结构发生大量破坏,软岩内部从无序损伤突变为有序损伤,继之损伤破坏加剧,由稳定破坏向非稳定破坏突变,最终导致其失稳破坏。研究对揭示红层软岩损伤破坏机理具有重要意义。     

S频段用于卫星导航的电磁环境研究

结合不同的信号调制方式,在满足一定伪距误差的条件下,从所需信号发射功率小和与北斗一代相互干扰小的角度论证了RNSS应用BOC（6,1）和BOC（6,2）两种调制方式的优势。并且对2 483.5~2 500 MHz频段中导航系统与其他通信系统之间的干扰作出估计,论证了GNSS系统与其他无线电业务的兼容性。     

鲁豫交界地区尾波Q_c值分析研究

该文对濮阳台记录的21次地震进行了地震波衰减研究,讨论了地球介质品质因子随频率变化的关系;利用不同地震采用不同流逝时间的尾波品质因子测定方法,有效去除了由于不同地震或同一地震的地震散射波在纵向介质中穿透深度的不同而导致对品质因子测量结果的影响,从而有利于扑捉到品质因子的异常变化特征与地震孕育过程的关系。利用改进后的模型,对鲁豫交界地区尾波值进行了计算,得到了该地区品质因子随频率的变化关系和区域介质衰减的时间变化特征。     

浅剖数据解译中淤泥层层界提取方法

港口与航道淤泥层层界确定对于港航建设开发与工程实施有着重大意义。本文针对港口航道浅地层剖面仪原始采集数据模糊的问题,分析了影响原始数据真实性的主要原因,实施了中值滤波法多次波压制与消噪处理,取得了清晰可靠的真实数据图像文件,根据海底声波不同层界反射特征,对比分析了脉冲信号声强图像变化情况,探讨了基于浅剖数据声强图像提取淤泥层厚的方法。试验证明该方法可以达到当前钻孔资料所能达到的精度范围。     

山东寿光北部地区土壤盐渍化特征与现状评价

为了解山东寿光北部地区土壤盐碱化现状及为工程建设、生态环境改良提供基础资料,通过野外采样和室内试验,分析了土壤盐碱化分布特征和类型,识别出盐分的主要形态.结果表明,研究区土壤含盐量总体不高,局部地段处于轻度至中度盐渍化程度;盐分含量北高南低,近似平行于海岸分布;土壤中阳离子以Na+为主,阴离子主要为Cl-和SO42-,盐分类型为氯盐渍土、亚氯盐渍土和亚硫酸盐渍土三类.