南方CASS和MAPGIS精确编制剖面图的方法

本文探索出南方CASS和MAPGIS软件如何直接利用勘探线测量坐标成果数据,精确编制数字化剖面图,重点介绍勘探线、探矿工程点、坐标网格线投影平面图,以及剖面地形起伏线、剖面高程标注、剖面图上地层界线、矿层及探矿工程的精确编制方法。对图切剖面也提出了编制思路和图切坐标数据的获取方法。编制方法成图精度高、快捷,在实际工作中有很高的实用价值。     

Effects of soil conservation practices on soil erosion and the size selectivity of eroded sediment on cultivated slopes

Soil conservation practices can greatly affect the soil erosion process, but limited information is available about its influence on the particle size distribution(PSD) of eroded sediment, especially under natural rainfall. In this study, the runoff, sediment yields, and effective/ultimate PSD were measured under two conventional tillage practices, downhill ridge tillage(DT) and plat tillage(PT) and three soil conservation practices, contour ridge tillage(CT), mulching with downhill ridge tillage(MDT), and mulching with contour ridge tillage(MCT) during 21 natural rainfall events in the lower Jinsha River. The results showed that(1) soil conservation practices had a significant effect on soil erosion. The conventional tillage of DT caused highest runoff depth(0.58 to 29.13 mm) and sediment yield(0.01 to 3.19 t hm-2). Compared with DT, the annual runoff depths and sediment yields of CT, MDT and MCT decreased by 12.24%-49.75% and 40.79%-88.30%, respectively.(2) Soil conservation practices can reduce the decomposition of aggregates in sediments. The ratios of effective and ultimate particle size(E/U) of siltand sand-sized particles of DT and PT plots were close to 1, indicating that they were transported as primary particles, however, values lower/greater than 1 subject to CT, MDT and MCT plots indicated they were transported as aggregates. The ratios of E/U of claysized particles were all less than 1 independently of tillage practices.(3) The sediments of soil conservation practices were more selective than those of conventional tillage practices. For CT, MDT and MCT plots, the average enrichment ratios(ERs) of clay, silt and sand were 1.99, 1.93 and 0.42, respectively, with enrichment of clay and silt and depletion of sand in sediments. However, the compositions of the eroded sediments of DT and PT plots were similar to that of the original soil. These findings support the use of both effective and ultimate particle size distributions for studying the size selectivity of eroded sediment, and provide a scientific basis for revealing the erosion mechanism in the purple soil area of China.     

利用MODIS资料遥感水体上空气溶胶粒子尺度的数值试验

利用卫星探测辐射的光谱依赖性来反演大气气溶胶粒子尺度分布,首先要建立反演算法并检验其可行性。本文参照文献[1]对暗的海洋上空MODIS资料的处理方法,针对大陆水库上空卫星探测MODIS辐射信号,利用6S(Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum)辐射模式建立一个查算表(Look-up table:LUT)来反演大气气溶胶粒子尺度分布;然后通过数值试验对所建立的查算表进行检验,讨论其方法的可行性。数值试验结果表明,查算表对大陆性气溶胶尺度分布有反演能力,但拟合误差sεl值随着气溶胶光学厚度的增加而增加。     

青海高原近43年夏季水汽分布及演变特征

通过对青海高原近43年夏季空中水汽分布及演变的研究,结果表明:(1)夏季来自孟加拉湾的暖湿水汽在东亚夏季风的驱动下向东北方向输送,与沿中纬度的西风环流输送的水汽在青海高原会合,但受高原大地形阻挡,到达该区的水汽含量较源区大大减小;(2)青海高原水汽通量场自西界向东界增加,水汽通量高值区基本分布在青海东部的边坡地带;(3)近43年青海高原净水汽通量收支有正有负,但整体上却呈增加趋势;(4)旱年青海高原水汽通量比平均状况偏少10~40 kg.m-1.s-1;涝年偏多10~20 kg.m-1.s-1;无论旱涝年,青海高原空中净水汽通量均呈正值,但旱年比平均状况偏少21.88%,涝年偏多53.99%。     

新一代雷达应用软件对富宁5.16等特大暴雨的检验

云南文山天气雷达站采用的新一代天气雷达是由四创电子公司生产的C INRAD-CC,随雷达配备的应用软件是由北京敏视达公司提供的,由美国W SR-88D雷达Bu ild 7(第七版本)软件移植而来的软件RPG与PUP,通过研究W SR-88D降水处理系统的质量控制步骤,对降水算法的可调参数进行重新设置与验证,发现降水等部分原厂设置并不适用于低纬高原的雷达站所在地区,通过调整后的设置经过文山天气雷达站几次大雨与暴雨的比较后得出:对一些参数进行重新设置后其输出的降水产品比较接近降水的真实情况。     

浅谈县局计算机网络维护

对单收站接收机的硬件进行升级后,可在另一台电脑上收看及录制单收站多媒体视频广播;也可在多台电脑上安装M icaps2.0;便于对地面测报网络的维护;电脑系统的维护。     

德保县农业气候资源的保护对策

针对目前德保县在农业气候资源利用中的存在问题,提出保护当地农业气候资源的几点应对策略。     

基于信息扩散理论的水产养殖灾害风险评价

以基于信息扩散理论的模糊数学模型的灾害评价方法,利用防城港市近十多年水产养殖的气象灾害资料,对其进行灾害风险分析,通过分析,揭示水产养殖业气象灾害的特点、发生规律等。     

金秀大瑶山旅游气候资源评估

利用金秀县气象站资料,对金秀大瑶山旅游区的气候特征、旅游气候资源、影响旅游安全的重要天气等方面进行综合分析和定量评估,旨在为全面、合理地开发利用金秀大瑶山旅游气候资源提供科学依据。     

广西农业干旱动态评估模型

以自然条件下大气-作物-土壤系统的水量平衡方程为基础,结合广西干旱灾害特点,建立广西农业干旱评估模型。与广西历史农业旱情实况对比分析表明,该模型能够较客观、定量地对农业干旱的发生、发展过程进行逐日动态监测和灾中、灾后评估。