高地应力围岩分区碎裂化的时间效应分析和相关参数研究

本文阐述了高地应力围岩分区碎裂化现象的形成需要经过一定的时间,但这段时间不会很长;采用蠕变理论对岩石分区碎裂化的时间效应进行了分析;推导了能够描述加速蠕变阶段的流变模型-改进的西原模型的本构方程和蠕变方程,在此基础上求出了岩石分区碎裂化发生时破裂带半径(破碎带距巷道中心的距离)的公式。     

提高中性大气折射延迟改正精度的可能途径

针对空间大地测量技术对中性大气折射延迟改正精度的要求,阐述了折射延迟改正值应随测站和随方位而异的必要性．指出,在尚不能直接测定天文大气折射值的情况下,现有的各种改正模型对大气分布模型的依赖性,不能达到预期的精度和降低观测的截止角．根据云南天文台低纬子午环的特殊结构,和测定大气折射的实践,提出了提高折射延迟改正精度的新方法,即：利用各观测站不同方位从天顶附近直到低地平高度角的天文大气折射实测数据,求解得到折射率差和映射函数的参数,从而建立随测站和随方位而异的大气折射延迟改正模型．这一新方法的实施,将能在不需采用大气分布模型的情况下,把天顶延迟的改正精度提高到1 mm以内,低地平高度角的折射延迟改正精度提高到厘米级,并且把截止高度角压缩到5°以内．     

生长前期三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)附肢再生系统解析及阶段划分

以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期幼蟹为材料,采用组织切片等方法研究其大螯断肢后再生生长规律。结果表明,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期幼蟹大螯一次蜕壳再生率分别为59.9%,75.3%,74.2%,80.4%,69.5%;断肢组存活率分别为89.4%,84.9%,85.2%,89.4%和74.2%,均低于对照组的98.2%,90.3%,95.1%,90.2%和80.3%,但差异不显著(P0.05);第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期断肢组在去大螯后平均蜕壳周期分别为3.33d、4.47d和6.27d,显著长于正常组的2.13d、3.89d和5.63d)(P0.05),而第Ⅳ、Ⅴ期断肢组平均蜕壳周期分别为7.12d和10.86d,极显著长于对照组的6.11d和8.09d(P0.01),且断肢个体的生长期越往后,断肢再生所需时间越长。本研究依据再生附肢发育特点将三疣梭子蟹大螯断肢再生划分为6个标志性发育阶段:再生芽基期、肢芽趾缝期、肢芽分化期、肢芽斑点期、肢芽成熟期、肢体出膜期;第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期蟹再生肢芽横纵比平均值分别达到0.32、0.318、0.398、0.518、0.538时,断肢幼蟹可以达到附肢出膜的临界点。综上所述,三疣梭子蟹断肢后能在1个蜕壳周期内完成大螯再生,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ期断肢幼蟹蜕壳周期时间显著高于正常幼蟹;断肢组成活率低于对照组,但差异不显著,第Ⅳ期幼蟹的再生率和存活率均最高;各期幼蟹断肢再生附肢均经过6个具有标志性事件的发育阶段;各期再生肢芽横纵比值具有一定临界值(0.32,0.318,0.398,0.518,0.538)。本研究首次对三疣梭子蟹断肢再生过程及再生能力进行了探究,结果将有助于甲壳类断肢再生机理的阐明。     

基于eCognition的资源一号02C土地利用现状自动提取

利用eCognition软件采用面向对象分类的方法,以北京市某地区为试验区,对国产高分影像(资源一号02C)进行土地利用现状信息自动提取试验,为资源一号02C星影像用于土地利用分类信息提取提供技术手段。     

湖北麻城市四道河地区面理化含榴花岗岩的成因

野外和室内研究结果表明,四道河地区面理化含榴花岗岩由古生代沉积岩变质而成.在元素地球化学特征上,具有与岩浆成因的碱性花岗岩一致的特点:高硅(SiO2=75.24％ ～ 77.23％)、富碱(Na2O+ K2O =6.87％ ～8.84％)、低铝(Al2O3=11.00％ ～ 12.78％);富Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和Pb,贫Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素;稀土元素含量较高(ΣREE=101.08～180.1 μg/g),轻稀土元素相对富集(LREE/HREE=3.1 ～ 6.8),铕有中等负异常( δEu=0.30～0.68);锆石成因类型及定年结果表明,老核(继承锆石)是异地多时代(元古代-古生代),其寄主岩的原岩是沉积岩,时代不会早于古生代.     

多极化SAR溢油探测影响因素分析研究

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(SAR) oil spill detection parameters conformity coefficient(μ), Muller matrix parameters(|C|, B_0), the eigenvalues of simplified coherency matrix(λ_(nos)) and the influence of SAR observing parameters, ocean environment and noise level are investigated. Radarsat-2 data are used to make systematic analysis of polarimetric parameters for different incidences, wind speeds, noise levels and the ocean phenomena(oil slick and look likes). The influence of the SAR observing parameters, the ocean environment and the noise level on the typical polarimetric SAR parameter conformity coefficient has been analyzed. The results indicate that conformity coefficient cannot be simply used for oil spill detection, which represents the image signal to the noise level to some extent. When the signals are below the noise level for the oil slick and the look likes, the conformity coefficients are negative; while the signals above the noise level corresponds to positive conformity coefficients. For dark patches(low wind and biogenic slick) with the signal below the noise,polarization features such as conformity coefficient cannot separate them with oil slick. For the signal above the noise, the oil slick, the look likes(low wind and biogenic slick) and clean sea all have positive conformity coefficients, among which, the oil slick has the smallest conformity coefficient, the look likes the second, and the clean sea the largest value. For polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection, the noise plays a significant role. So the polarimetric SAR data oil spill detection should be carried out on the basis of noise consideration.     

Full-wave synthetic acoustic logs in porous media

In order to investigate the permeability of porous media,it is necessary to figure out the property of wave propagation in this medium. The authors calculated the full waveforms and the 2-dimensional spectrum of fluid saturated porous media,analyzed the wave propagation characteristics of different permeable stratums. From the theoretical acoustic pressure waveform received at the well-axis and the 2-D spectrum it is revealed that longitudinal-,transverse-,Stoneley-,pseudo-Rayleigh-,longitudinal mode-and transverse mode waves are different in characters in various permeable strata. Stoneley wave is sensitive to the change of permeability,and its frequency range and amplitude attenuation are influenced by permeability.     

Heat calculation and numerical simulation in steam mining of permafrost gas hydrate

Steam mining method was injecting hot steam into the borehole to heat the hydrate strata at the same time of depressurization mining,which could promote further decomposition and expand mining areas of gas hydrate. Steam heat calculation would provide the basis for the design of heating device and the choice of the field test parameters. There were piping heat loss in the process of mining. The heat transfer of steam flowing in the pipe was steady,so the heat loss could be obtained easily by formula calculation. The power of stratum heating should be determined by numerical simulation for the process of heating was dynamic and the equations were usually nonlinear. The selected mining conditions were 500-millimeter mining radius,10 centigrade mining temperature and 180 centigrade steam temperature. Heat loss and best heating power,obtained by formula calculation and numerical simulation,were 21. 35 W/m and 20 kW.     

扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组古火山机构的发现及意义

通过详细的野外地质调查,发现扬子西缘小相岭地区苏雄组火山岩由巨厚的酸性-中酸性熔岩、火山碎屑岩和少量基性熔岩组成,在小相岭山脊两侧首次厘定4处古火山机构.其中,阳糯雪山古火山机构最壮观,是由火山颈相、溢流相、爆发相和火山沉积相构成的完整古火山机构.通过系统的地质剖面研究,发现该古火山机构存在2次喷发亚旋回和15个火山韵律,2次喷发亚旋回之间出现了1次明显的火山间歇期.小相岭地区古火山机构的发现,进一步厘定了苏雄组火山岩的喷发方式和构建特征,对进一步研究苏雄组酸性火山碎屑岩的起源及新元古代陆内裂谷作用具有重要意义.     

中亚成矿域斑岩铜（钼）矿带的认识与建立

对中亚成矿域斑岩铜(钼)矿带的认识,起源于哈萨克斯坦滨巴尔喀什—伊犁火山侵入岩带的划分和地球物理场的确认。尤其是对哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔环状磁力异常带的厘定,奠定了中亚成矿域斑岩铜(钼)矿带的地球物理基础和与哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔地块外缘火山-侵入岩带的耦合关系,最终建立起哈—中—蒙中亚成矿域斑岩型铜(钼)矿带的雏型。