The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

Genesis of Geothermal Fluid in Typical Geothermal Fields in Western Sichuan,China

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids can reveal the genesis of geothermal systems and act as important references for developing and using geothermal resources.This study presents hydrogeochemical processes and thermal cycle mechanisms of typical geothermal fields in Western Sichuan.Based on the geological conditions in Western Sichuan,29 hot springs in three geothermal fields in the Batang and Litang areas were selected for hydrochemical and isotopic (δD andδ~(18)O) analyses.Furthermore,the temperature of the thermal reservoir was calculated and the upflow cooling process of the hot springs was analyzed.Most of the subterranean hot waters in Batang and Litang are of the HCO_3-Na hydrochemical type.The ion variation in Batang is primarily affected by water-rock interactions.There is a strong positive correlation between Na~+,B~-,and Cl~-in Litang,suggesting that they have the same material source.The Na~+and metaboric acid content is relatively high,which indicates that the groundwater runoff in both areas is relatively long-lasting,with reduced flow velocity;moreover,the metasilicic acid content is relatively high,which supports this conclusion.Both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes plot near the atmospheric precipitation line,indicating that groundwater recharge is functionally obtained from precipitation.The calculated thermal storage temperatures in Batang and Litang were 88–199°C and 96–154°C,respectively.The proportion of cold water mixing in Batang was 64%–67%,while that in Litang was 60%–68%.According to the calculated results,the initial thermal cycle depth of the Batang area (4540–4780 m) was greater than that of the Litang area (3150–3960 m).The enthalpy of the deep parental geothermal fluid in Batang was 1550 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 37 mg/L,while that in Litang was 2100 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 48 mg/L.     

太平洋多金属结核及沉积物标准物质研制

太平洋多金属结核及深海沉积物标准物质,ＧＳＰＮ－２,３和ＧＳＭＳ－２,３,４个样品已研制完成。ＧＳＰＮ－２,３和ＧＳＭＳ－２采自太平洋ＣＣ区,ＧＳＭＳ－３采自中太平洋海盆（ＣＰ区）。原样被加工成－２００目（７４μｍ）的均匀粉未,其均匀性采用高精度的Ｘ射线荧光光谱法检测。样品的特性值采用国内外多实验室协同分析的方式定值,有包括台湾大学在内的１４个国内实验室和１８个国外实验室参加了合作分析。测试组分分别达７９和８１个,定值组分６３个。全组分的百分总和分别为：９９．７％,９９．５％,９９．８％和９９．７％。这４个标准物质已于１９９７年被国家技术监督局批准为国家一级标准物质,序号分别为ＧＢＷ０７２９５,ＧＢＷ０７２９６,ＧＢＷ０７３１５和ＧＢＷ０７３１。     

青藏高原的隆起与海洋锶同位素组成的演化

近年来,随着构造隆升驱动气候变化假说的提出,青藏高原的隆起受到越来越多的关注,并将之与大陆化学风化速率及海洋锶同位素的演化紧密联系。围绕青藏高原的隆升及其环境与气候效应,对海洋锶同位素组成的演化特征及其影响因素的较为全面而详细的论述表明:将青藏高原的隆升与全球气候变化、大陆化学风化速率及海洋锶同位素组成的演化相联系,也许是解决目前关于海洋锶同位素组成的演化及其物源问题的重要手段,根据海洋锶同位素的演化历史来研究全球气候变化规律及青藏高原的构造演化历史将是本研究领域的重点。     

夹皮沟金矿深部成矿预测研究

系统研究了夹皮沟地区二道沟、庙岭、大猪圈、下戏台和东坨腰子等矿床矿体和近矿围岩微量元素、矿石矿物组合和黄铁矿热电系数等的垂直变化特征,认为三者具有相互一致的变化规律,即：与热液金矿床通常的分带性相比,具有逆向分带的现象,这种特征被认为是多层次正常分带上下叠加的产物,反映夹皮沟地区金矿床在垂向上普遍存在着多个富集地段.据此预测二道沟、庙岭、大猪圈、下戏台和东坨腰子等矿床在目前的开采深度下部仍有发现深部矿体的可能.     

祁连山区风吹雪对积雪质能过程的影响

风吹雪是山区积雪水文过程的重要组成部分. 采用祁连山区冰沟流域2008年积雪期观测数据, 通过对风吹雪实地观测分析、风吹雪的发生概率、风吹雪迁移以及风吹雪升华等分析, 从野外观测、计算模拟两个方面对祁连山区风吹雪质能过程进行了详细探讨. 结果表明: 位于流域海拔较高处(海拔4 146 m)的研究区垭口站, 风吹雪现象较为显著, 因之造成的积雪重新分布极为严重. 垭口站风吹雪频发于冬季及初春融雪未发生时, 积雪在风速作用下迁移量较大; 而进入融雪期之后, 因气温上升、雪面融化以及再冻结, 风吹雪发生概率急剧减小. 风吹雪在积雪升华中占有较大比重, 2008年积雪期, 垭口站风吹雪升华估算值约占积雪升华(包括雪面升华)的41.5%.     

内蒙古自治区土壤有机碳库储量及分布特征

根据内蒙古自治区土壤资料中共461个土壤剖面数据估算表层及全剖面的土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)和储量(SOCR),绘制其SOCD的空间分布图,并对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明:内蒙古地区的表层SOCD为0.63～15.93 kg.m-2,平均为3.68 kg.m-2;全剖面SOCD为0.22～68.77 kg.m-2,平均为10.35 kg.m-2,不同土壤类型之间有一定差异。内蒙古表层SOCR为4.10 Pg,而全剖面储量为10.79 Pg。土壤有机碳含量及分布受气候、土壤性质和人为活动的影响明显。最后,根据年均温与土壤有机碳密度的相关关系,估算得出当气温升高1℃,内蒙古地区土壤有机碳的释放量为0.91 Pg。     

厚壁套管与植物胶用于深厚砂卵砾石层钻进的应用研究

针对大渡河巴底水电站深厚覆盖层钻进过程中遇到的护壁、取心、孔内事故等主要技术问题,采用Ф139mm厚壁套管护壁和SH植物胶取心钻进工艺,有效地提高了取心质量和钻进效率。Ф139mm厚壁套管可以有效克服深厚覆盖层钻进过程中薄壁套管护壁导致孔内事故频发以及跟进深度较浅等致命缺点,也克服了Ф127mm常规厚壁地质管材不能下如薄壁Ф108mm套管的缺点。该工艺不仅提高了取心质量,也极大地提高了钻进效率和保证了成孔概率,节约钻进成本,提高了经济效益。     

甘肃金川铜镍矿床Ⅰ矿区深部边部地质-地电化学-地球物理多元信息成矿预测

在综合研究分析金川铜镍矿区前人资料的基础上,经现场地质调查、收集地质资料,总结了矿区的成矿规律,有针对性地在Ⅰ矿区的北东侧开展了地质-地球电化学-地球物理多元信息的深部边部成矿预测。根据地电化学数据的统计结果,对矿区元素共生组合和成矿作用、成矿期次等地球化学特征进行了探讨,以此确定了地电化学综合异常;在掌握矿区岩石、矿石物性特征的情况下,通过地球物理勘探推测在Ⅰ号矿体与F1断裂之间存在一隐伏的超基性岩体。最终对矿区进行地质-地电化学-地球物理特征的综合分析,圈定了测区的找矿远景区。     

四川汶川地震断裂带科学钻探2号孔（WFSD-2）岩性特征和断裂带的结构

以WFSD-2钻孔岩心为研究对象,通过详细的岩心编录和岩石学、构造地质学等研究,识别出该钻孔岩心具有6段岩性,从上向下依次为彭灌杂岩（0-599.31m）、三叠系须家河组二段（599.31-1211.49m）、彭灌杂岩（1211.49-1679.51m）、三叠系须家河组三段（1679.51-1715.48m）、彭灌杂岩（1715.48-2081.47m）、三叠系须家河组四段（2081.47-2283.56m）。彭灌杂岩主要以花岗岩和火山岩为主,三叠系须家河组沉积岩以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩、煤层（线）和砾岩为主。3套彭灌杂岩与三叠系须家河组沉积岩重复出现,时代较老的岩性段逆冲覆盖在新的地层之上,表明龙门山构造带由一系列逆冲岩片叠置而成。岩心中断裂岩较为发育,主要为断层角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥,反映出脆性变形作用的特点。通过对断裂岩的统计分析,厘定了20余条产状不同、规模不等的次级断裂带,断裂带宽度和断裂密度峰值显示FZ600、FZ720、FZ782、FZ817、FZ922、FZ951、FZ1449、FZ1681、FZ2082为主要断裂带,其中FZ1681系规模最大的一条断裂。依据断裂岩的组合特征可以将岩心中断裂带的结构以断层泥为核部划分为两大类：对称型断裂带和不对称型断裂带。根据地表破裂带、WFSD-1钻孔岩心中主滑移带位置的几何关系、岩性分层等因素,可推断汶川地震主滑移带应位于FZ1134、FZ1449或FZ1681之中,同时也暗示该地区经常发生类似汶川地震的大地震活动。研究表明,龙门山地区经历了强烈的构造缩短和快速隆升作用,暗示龙门山地区构造活动非常强烈。