基于PPK的龙口水位测量及自适应提取方法研究

在系统分析龙口水域水文特点的基础上,基于GPS PPK测量技术,设计并研制出了浮球漂流水位连续测量系统。对系统测量数据的处理方法进行了详细研究。将该系统及数据处理算法应用于龙口水域截流区的连续水位测量和提取中,取得了理想的效果。     

水电项目对越南硒圣河地区社会经济发展及环境保护的影响

硒圣河是湄公河的主要分支之一,其集水区地形条件和水资源量均对水电开发十分有利。此外,无论从物种多样性还是生物量来看,硒圣河水生生物资源非常丰富。鱼类是当地人们的重要食物来源,粗略估计鱼类物种数量可能在200-300种之间,目前具有详细记录的鱼类大约为120种。截至目前,从越南境内硒圣河上游至越-柬边界总共开发了6个水电项目,兴建了一座4A级硒圣调蓄水库。流经柬埔寨的硒圣河部分,依据发展规划将兴建3座水电站,即硒圣5号电站（硒圣1号电站以下）、硒圣3号电站、硒圣2号电站。硒圣河水电项目对区域（越南和柬埔寨）社会经济的影响体现在：为地处偏远和困难的集水区创造了新的能源资源,改善了交通系统和农村地区的生活条件。与此同时,这些水电项目也对该区域自然环境产生了重大影响。例如,改变了下游流动机理变化,导致下游河道淤积,对沿河生态系统也产生了一定影响。     

A Statistical Analysis of X1- and X2- or Higher-Class Flares during Solar Cycles 21∼23

The X1- and X2- or higher class ?ares in solar cycles 21, 22, and 23 from 1986 to 2008 have been analyzed statistically in this paper. It is found in the statistical study that the number of the X1-class ?ares accounted for 52.71% of total X- and higher class ?ares, while, the number of the X2- and higher class ?ares accounted for 47.29% of total X- and higher class ?ares. No matter whether the X1- and X2- or higher class ?ares, most of them occured in the descending phases of the solar cycles. Moreover, the weaker the intensity of the solar cycle, the higher the ratio of the ?ares occurred in the descending phase of the solar cycle, and the stronger the intensity of solar ?ares, the higher the ratio of the ?ares occurred in the descending phases of the solar cycles. In addition, the phase difference between the peak of the smoothed monthly mean number of sunspots and that of the X-class ?ares has been calculated, which shows that the smoothed monthly mean number of the X1-class ?ares had a very noticeable time advance of 1 month with respect to that of sunspots in the cycles 21 and 22, but there was a time lag of 13 months in the cycle 23, while, for the X2- and higher class ?ares, there was a time lag of 9 months in the cycle 21, but a one-month time advance existed in the cycle 22, and again a time lag of 32 months appeared in the cycle 23.     

Reconstructing P–T paths during continental collision using multi-stage garnet (Gran Paradiso nappe, Western Alps)

Garnet–chloritoid-bearing micaschists from the Gran Paradiso massif (Western Alps) contain evidence of a polymetamorphic evolution. Detailed textural observations reveal that two stages of garnet growth are present in the micaschists, interpreted as: (i) relics of an early metamorphism of pre-Alpine age and (ii) newly grown Alpine garnet, respectively. Both generations of garnet preserve growth zoning. From thermocalc -based numerical modelling of mineral assemblages in pressure–temperature ( P – T ) pseudosections, we infer that garnet 1 grew at increasing temperature and slightly increasing pressure, whereas garnet 2 grew at decreasing pressure and slightly increasing temperature. Estimated P – T conditions are ∼620 °C, 6 kbar for the peak of the pre-Alpine event, and of 490 °C, 18–20 kbar for the pressure peak of the Alpine event. Modelling of the modal proportion and chemical composition of garnet (i) shows that the subsequent decompression (to 14–15 kbar at 550 °C) must have been accompanied by moderate heating and (ii) does not support a stage of final temperature increase following decompressional cooling. This argues against a late thermal pulse associated with mantle delamination. Preservation of growth zoning in both generations of garnet and the limited amount of diffusive re-equilibration at the boundary between the two garnets suggests that the rocks were subjected to fast burial and exhumation rates, consistent with data obtained from other internal Alpine units.     

常压酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地球化学勘查样品中的铌钽

常压酸溶法因溶矿效率高、成本低、检出限低,在地质实验室被广泛应用,但采用常用的氢氟酸-硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸四酸法处理样品,铌钽溶出率低,铌钽在容器壁发生水解和聚合反应导致其部分吸附或沉降,从而使测试结果偏低。因此,应用常压酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析地球化学勘查样品中的铌钽,需要解决的两个关键问题是铌钽的溶出率和试液中铌钽的水解。针对溶出率的不足,本方法在酸体系中引入硫酸,即氢氟酸-硝酸-盐酸-高氯酸-硫酸可以完全将铌钽溶出;针对水解,采用5%氢氟酸-5%硫酸-5%过氧化氢为提取剂,并采取与样品前处理相同分析流程的标准物质制作曲线,这两个方法相结合能有效抑制样品溶液中铌钽的水解,同时标准物质制作曲线法降低了ICP-MS分析中的样品溶液与标准溶液基体不一致引起的误差。本方法经国家标准物质验证,相对误差小于±7%,相对标准偏差在3.11%~6.27%之间(n=11),铌钽的检出限分别为0.04μg/g和0.03μg/g,相比于碱熔法检出限0.33μg/g具有明显优势,可以准确测定地球化学勘查样品中的铌钽。     

广西西大明山弄屯铅锌矿床的成矿流体特征及矿床成因指示意义

弄屯矿床发育在华南钦杭成矿带西南端广西境内,它是近年来广西在大规模找矿勘查中新发现的一处大型铅锌矿床。野外地质调查发现,弄屯矿床铅锌矿体主要呈脉状和似层状充填于断裂破碎带中,矿体产状严格受断裂控制,矿体及围岩中硅化和碳酸盐化蚀变大量发育。依据矿物组合及脉体穿插关系,矿床中的热液流体活动可划分为4个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、闪锌矿-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ)、铅锌硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。流体包裹体岩相学观察表明,矿床中主要发育气液两相包裹体和单相水溶液包裹体,仅在Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段出现少量富气相包裹体。显微测温分析表明,由早阶段至晚阶段流体包裹体均-温度和盐度逐步降低,分别为276~342℃(Ⅰ)、209~301℃(Ⅱ)、140~272℃(Ⅲ)和116~172℃(Ⅳ),对应盐度ω(NaCl_(eq))分别为8.81%~15.07%(Ⅰ)、5.26%~11.58%(Ⅱ)、3.23%~9.98%(Ⅲ)和0.88%~4.34%(Ⅳ)。与国内外典型铅锌矿床的流体包裹体参数对比,弄屯矿床的成矿流体特征与SEDEX型、MVT和Skam型铅锌矿床明显不同,而与热液脉型矿床十分相似,结合该矿床产于细碎屑岩建造并且受断裂构造控制等一系列的证据,将弄屯矿床定为热液脉型铅锌矿床。氢同位素(δD=-97‰~-54‰)和氧同位素(δ~(18)O_(H_2O)=0.98‰~3.83‰)证据指示,成矿期流体与岩浆源流体具有一定的亲缘关系。从早成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,成矿流体的温度、盐度出现同步降低的演化趋势,暗示了岩浆源流体与天水流体的混合作用可能是矿质沉淀的主要机制。