Use of slow-release fertilizer and biopolymers for stimulating hydrocarbon biodegradation in oil-contaminated beach sediments

Nutrient concentration and hydrocarbon bioavailability are key factors affecting biodegradation rates of oil in contaminated beach sediments. The effect of a slow-release fertilizer, Osmocote, as well as two biopolymers, chitin and chitosan, on the bioremediation of oil-spiked beach sediments was investigated using an open irrigation system over a 56-day period under laboratory conditions. Osmocote was effective in sustaining a high level of nutrients in leached sediments, as well as elevated levels of microbial activity and rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation. Chitin was more biodegradable than chitosan and gradually released nitrogen into the sediment. The addition of chitin or chitosan to the Osmocote amended sediments enhanced biodegradation rates of the alkanes relative to the presence of Osmocote alone, where chitosan was more effective than chitin due to its greater oil sorption capacity. Furthermore, chitosan significantly enhanced the biodegradation rates of all target polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

The impact of shrimp farming effluent on bacterial communities in mangrove waters, Ceará, Brazil

The effects of shrimp farm effluents on bacterial communities in mangroves have been infrequently reported. Classic and molecular biology methods were used to survey bacterial communities from four mangroves systems. Water temperature, salinity, pH, total heterotrophic bacteria and maximum probable numbers of Vibrio spp. were investigated. Genetic profiles of bacterial communities were also characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of eubacterial and Vibrio 16S rDNA using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Highest heterotrophic counts were registered in the mangrove not directly polluted by shrimp farming. The Enterobacteriaceae and Chryseomonas luteola dominated the heterotrophic isolates. Vibrio spp. pathogenic to humans and shrimps were identified. Eubacterial genetic profiles suggest a shared community structure independent of mangrove system. Vibrio genetic profiles were mangrove specific. Neither microbial counts nor genetic profiling revealed a significant decrease in species richness associated with shrimp farm effluent. The complex nature of mangrove ecosystems and their microbial communities is discussed.     

GB-InSAR技术在山体崩塌残余危岩体监测中的应用

介绍了在贵州首次使用GB-InSAR技术进行某山体崩塌应急监测的情况。利用GB-InSAR技术监测贵州某崩塌残余危岩体的稳定性,得到了整个残余危岩体毫米级高精度连续形变结果,并对残余危岩体可能发生的二次崩塌和稳定性进行评估。监测结果表明崩塌残余危岩体形变与降雨密切相关,但整个残余危岩体发生大面积崩塌的可能性较小。     

基于卫星InSAR技术的地质灾害隐患点探测与形变分析

地质灾害的频繁发生直接或间接地给自然环境和社会带来了不可逆转的巨大危害,近年来我国也在不断加强地质灾害早期识别和防治的力度.合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）技术以其全天时、全天候、高精度、大范围监测的优势,成为一种重要的形变监测手段.本文以贵州省黔东南州地质灾害隐患排查为例,采用差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）和小基线集（SBAS）时序InSAR技术分别处理了ALOS-2/PALSAR-2和Sentinel-1雷达数据.选取具有代表性的4个隐患点区域重点讨论,结果展示了D-InSAR在大范围地表形变探测以及SBAS在高精度形变监测中的优势,同时表明两种方法在地质灾害隐患普查中可以互相补充,提升地灾隐患的识别能力.此外,获取的隐患点雷达视线方向累积形变序列和平均形变速率,可为贵州省地质灾害防灾减灾提供有价值的参考.     

Optimizing remediation of an unconfined aquifer using a hybrid algorithm

We present a novel hybrid algorithm, integrating a genetic algorithm (GA) and constrained differential dynamic programming (CDDP), to achieve remediation planning for an unconfined aquifer. The objective function includes both fixed and dynamic operation costs. GA determines the primary structure of the proposed algorithm, and a chromosome therein implemented by a series of binary digits represents a potential network design. The time-varying optimal operation cost associated with the network design is computed by the CDDP, in which is embedded a numerical transport model. Several computational approaches, including a chromosome bookkeeping procedure, are implemented to alleviate computational loading. Additionally, case studies that involve fixed and time-varying operating costs for confined and unconfined aquifers, respectively, are discussed to elucidate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the fixed costs markedly affect the optimal design, including the number and locations of the wells. Furthermore, the solution obtained using the confined approximation for an unconfined aquifer may be infeasible, as determined by an unconfined simulation.     

藏南冈底斯带西段铁矿找矿工作新进展

通过1:25万区域地质调查,在冈底斯带西段革吉县南部地区新发现了具有进一步工作价值的铁矿及含铜铁矿点4处、银铜多金属矿点2处.重点对桑穷勒磁铁矿、含铜磁铁矿及列马镜铁矿进行了初步评价.其中前者磁铁矿矿石资源量为401.59Mt,后者镜铁矿矿石资源量18.50Mt.这是冈底斯带西段铁矿等找矿工作的重要新进展.     

萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅、吉隆县幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

在地层、古生物、区域构造、第四纪地质等方面取得若干新进展。如：查明吉隆沟前寒武纪至侏罗纪地层剖面完全可与经典的聂拉木-樟木剖面对比，是喜马拉雅地区又一极为重要的剖面；进一步确定了雅鲁藏布江结合带具有分带特征，并划分出南、北2个不同时期的蛇绿混杂岩带；在扎东、穷果等地发现多处古人类活动遗迹。     

萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅、吉隆县幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

在地层、古生物、区域构造、第四纪地质等方面取得若干新进展.如:查明吉隆沟前寒武纪至侏罗纪地层剖面完全可与经典的聂拉木-樟木剖面对比,是喜马拉雅地区又一极为重要的剖面;进一步确定了雅鲁藏布江结合带具有分带特征,并划分出南、北2个不同时期的蛇绿混杂岩带;在扎东、穷果等地发现多处古人类活动遗迹.     

时序InSAR滑坡探测与DEM误差影响分析

以贵州省西南山区为例,针对地质灾害隐患早期识别的实际情况和需求,开展差分干涉测量和时序InSAR方法的对比实验,以验证时序InSAR在抗误差干扰、探测微小形变、捕捉形变序列演化趋势等方面的能力;再基于高精度LiDAR DEM数据进一步研究DEM误差对时序InSAR处理结果的影响。实验表明,时序InSAR方法无法完全剔除DEM误差,从而导致形变速率、形变序列估计不准,在开展精细化InSAR形变分析时应尽可能选取高精度的外部DEM数据,以保证正确估计地质灾害隐患形变特征。     

利用COSMIC掩星资料分析大气重力波参数的全球分布特征

本文介绍了从单一温度廓线提取重力波的水平波长、垂直波长、势能和动量通量的方法,利用2007~2008年COSMIC干温廓线数据计算得到了可以表征中尺度重力波活动特征的相关参数值在各年夏季和冬季的全球分布。结果与国内外已有的相关结果在形态分布上符合较好。结果表明,在20~30 km大气层,重力波在北半球处于冬季时的活动明显强于夏季,重力波的活动呈现纬向分布特征,夏半球高纬地区的重力波活动有明显的季节性变化,重力波的活动主要受地形和对流作用影响。COSMIC数据计算的动量通量分布大致与势能分布趋于一致。