底水油层水平井产液剖面均衡性评价

胜利油田开采底水特征高含水油层的水平井数量多,其中油层向水平井非均衡供液现象普遍。为评价此类水平井产液剖面均衡性,量化其生产动态改善潜力,定义了产液剖面基尼系数GN,并结合现场案例介绍其计算方法,随后统计胜利油田60口样本井,分析GN对见水时间t_RL和底水突破前累积产油量Q_RL的影响,最后据此对GN分级。计算和分析结果表明:GN可以整体表征实际非均衡产液剖面偏离理想均衡产液剖面的程度,通常取值0~1之间,数值越大,均衡性越差;划分GN>0.1为产液剖面不均衡,其样本井数54口,占比90%,以理想均衡产液状态为基准,t_RL和Q_RL分别至少有100%和69.5%的提升潜力。      

基于卫星InSAR技术的地质灾害隐患点探测与形变分析

地质灾害的频繁发生直接或间接地给自然环境和社会带来了不可逆转的巨大危害,近年来我国也在不断加强地质灾害早期识别和防治的力度.合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）技术以其全天时、全天候、高精度、大范围监测的优势,成为一种重要的形变监测手段.本文以贵州省黔东南州地质灾害隐患排查为例,采用差分干涉测量（D-InSAR）和小基线集（SBAS）时序InSAR技术分别处理了ALOS-2/PALSAR-2和Sentinel-1雷达数据.选取具有代表性的4个隐患点区域重点讨论,结果展示了D-InSAR在大范围地表形变探测以及SBAS在高精度形变监测中的优势,同时表明两种方法在地质灾害隐患普查中可以互相补充,提升地灾隐患的识别能力.此外,获取的隐患点雷达视线方向累积形变序列和平均形变速率,可为贵州省地质灾害防灾减灾提供有价值的参考.     

新疆阿尔金地区长沙沟一带奥陶纪侵入岩及其演化特征

新疆阿尔金地区长沙沟一带发育的侵入岩岩石类型包括辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿辉长岩、石英闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩。野外地质特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示就位时代均为奥陶纪。其中基性超基性侵入岩具有幔源型特征;中酸性侵入岩显示I型和地S型双重特征,其岩浆主要来源于上地幔,在岩浆上侵过程中同化混染了部分壳源物质,使其具有壳幔混合源的岩浆性质。基性超基性侵入岩形成于超大陆裂解构造环境,系与大陆裂谷或深大断裂有关的深成岩浆作用的产物,中酸性侵入岩是汇聚阶段的产物。     

萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅、吉隆县幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

在地层、古生物、区域构造、第四纪地质等方面取得若干新进展.如查明吉隆沟前寒武纪至侏罗纪地层剖面完全可与经典的聂拉木-樟木剖面对比,是喜马拉雅地区又一极为重要的剖面;进一步确定了雅鲁藏布江结合带具有分带特征,并划分出南、北2个不同时期的蛇绿混杂岩带;在扎东、穷果等地发现多处古人类活动遗迹.     

新疆阿尔金长沙沟超镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过1∶50000地质填图,表明新疆长沙沟(蛇绿)构造混杂岩带超镁铁质岩主要岩石类型为斜长辉石角闪岩、辉石橄榄岩、强蛇纹石化辉石橄榄岩等;总体贫SiO2、CaO、K2O、Na2O,富含MgO、FeO特征,分异指数DI=0.35~14.45,固结指数SI=47.82~70.05,表明岩浆分异不明显,固结程度较高;里特曼指数σ=0.97,属钙性系列;M/F=1.94~4.39,属镁铁质超基性岩类;其中,辉石橄榄岩TiO2含量接近洋中脊地幔(TiO2=0.10%~0.40%),稀土元素、微量元素特征与地幔橄榄岩近似,认为属原始地幔分离产物,为蛇绿岩套组成部分;斜长辉石角闪岩可能为超镁铁质杂岩。首次获得了辉石橄榄岩206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(510.60±1.40)Ma(MSWD=0.11),形成时代为寒武纪,其可能代表了南阿尔金洋盆早期的产物。     

Optimizing remediation of an unconfined aquifer using a hybrid algorithm

We present a novel hybrid algorithm, integrating a genetic algorithm (GA) and constrained differential dynamic programming (CDDP), to achieve remediation planning for an unconfined aquifer. The objective function includes both fixed and dynamic operation costs. GA determines the primary structure of the proposed algorithm, and a chromosome therein implemented by a series of binary digits represents a potential network design. The time-varying optimal operation cost associated with the network design is computed by the CDDP, in which is embedded a numerical transport model. Several computational approaches, including a chromosome bookkeeping procedure, are implemented to alleviate computational loading. Additionally, case studies that involve fixed and time-varying operating costs for confined and unconfined aquifers, respectively, are discussed to elucidate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the fixed costs markedly affect the optimal design, including the number and locations of the wells. Furthermore, the solution obtained using the confined approximation for an unconfined aquifer may be infeasible, as determined by an unconfined simulation.     

萨嘎县幅、桑桑区幅、吉隆县幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

在地层、古生物、区域构造、第四纪地质等方面取得若干新进展.如:查明吉隆沟前寒武纪至侏罗纪地层剖面完全可与经典的聂拉木-樟木剖面对比,是喜马拉雅地区又一极为重要的剖面;进一步确定了雅鲁藏布江结合带具有分带特征,并划分出南、北2个不同时期的蛇绿混杂岩带;在扎东、穷果等地发现多处古人类活动遗迹.     

藏南冈底斯带西段铁矿找矿工作新进展

通过1：25万区域地质调查,在冈底斯带西段革吉县南部地区新发现了具有进一步工作价值的铁矿及含铜铁矿点4处、银铜多金属矿点2处.重点对桑穷勒磁铁矿、含铜磁铁矿及列马镜铁矿进行了初步评价.其中前者磁铁矿矿石资源量为401.59Mt,后者镜铁矿矿石资源量18.50Mt.这是冈底斯带西段铁矿等找矿工作的重要新进展.     

时序InSAR滑坡探测与DEM误差影响分析

以贵州省西南山区为例,针对地质灾害隐患早期识别的实际情况和需求,开展差分干涉测量和时序InSAR方法的对比实验,以验证时序InSAR在抗误差干扰、探测微小形变、捕捉形变序列演化趋势等方面的能力;再基于高精度LiDAR DEM数据进一步研究DEM误差对时序InSAR处理结果的影响。实验表明,时序InSAR方法无法完全剔除DEM误差,从而导致形变速率、形变序列估计不准,在开展精细化InSAR形变分析时应尽可能选取高精度的外部DEM数据,以保证正确估计地质灾害隐患形变特征。     

The impact of shrimp farming effluent on bacterial communities in mangrove waters, Ceará, Brazil

The effects of shrimp farm effluents on bacterial communities in mangroves have been infrequently reported. Classic and molecular biology methods were used to survey bacterial communities from four mangroves systems. Water temperature, salinity, pH, total heterotrophic bacteria and maximum probable numbers of Vibrio spp. were investigated. Genetic profiles of bacterial communities were also characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of eubacterial and Vibrio 16S rDNA using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Highest heterotrophic counts were registered in the mangrove not directly polluted by shrimp farming. The Enterobacteriaceae and Chryseomonas luteola dominated the heterotrophic isolates. Vibrio spp. pathogenic to humans and shrimps were identified. Eubacterial genetic profiles suggest a shared community structure independent of mangrove system. Vibrio genetic profiles were mangrove specific. Neither microbial counts nor genetic profiling revealed a significant decrease in species richness associated with shrimp farm effluent. The complex nature of mangrove ecosystems and their microbial communities is discussed.