基于磁异常信号解析的目标速度特性研究

水下磁性目标产生的磁场成为重要的水下目标非声探测信号源,因此对水下磁性目标的静磁场建模原理开展了研究。实现了均匀磁化的旋转椭球体模型和磁偶极子模型,并对2种模型在目标磁异常信号仿真上的适应性进行了分析。研究表明：相比于磁偶极子模型,旋转椭球体模型在传感器与目标距离较近时也能表现很好的适应性。由此,利用旋转椭球体模型,首先通过仿真计算构建了目标在不同运动速度状态下的近距离磁异常信号数据集,然后开展基于深度学习方法的水下磁性目标运动速度识别方法研究,最后识别效果在验证集和测试集上分别取得了0.17m/s和0.74m/s良好的误差精度,为后续目标的航向等状态识别奠定重要基础。     

内蒙古宝音图晚二叠世—晚三叠世花岗岩岩石化学特征及其构造环境

宝音图花岗岩基位于华北地台北缘西段,针对其中牙马图岩体、罕乌拉岩体及布格道苏绍崩岩体等的岩石地球化学研究与年代学测定,结果表明岩体时代分别为261Ma±1.3 Ma,220.9 Ma±0.3 Ma和204.9 Ma±5.9 Ma,系晚二叠世—晚三叠世侵入岩体,其岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,其中晚二叠世花岗闪长岩Na2O/K2O平均值为2.06,A/CNK为0.96~1.15,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)平均值为1.9,总体属过铝质钙碱性岩;晚三叠世花岗岩Na2O/K2O平均值为0.82,A/CNK为0.92~1.16,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)为2.18,属过铝质钙碱性岩。岩石化学构造环境分析表明,晚二叠世—晚三叠世早期岩浆活动是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧性质的闪长岩类和花岗岩类,而晚三叠世晚期岩浆作用是与之有关的造山晚期陆缘花岗岩类。     

1993年3月20日拉孜、昂仁间6．6级地震与西藏南北向地震构造带

本文在野外实地考察资料的基础上，结合前人工作成果，对１９９３年３月２０日拉孜、昂仁间６．６级地震等震线重新进行了校定并探讨其发震构造．通过对笔者近十年在青藏高原地震地质工作的总结，对西藏最新南北向地震构造带的成生、活动性及其最大地震潜在能力进行了讨论。     

东海陆架外缘区构造特征及其成因机制

东海陆架边缘的构造特征记录了有关冲绳海槽张裂过程的关键信息,对于进一步理解海槽的形成演化以及弧后张裂与弧-陆碰撞之间的相互作用至关重要。本文基于多道地震和重磁资料,分析了东海陆架边缘的地形和构造特征,并对冲绳海槽早期张裂过程、北西向断裂带的分隔控制作用、钓鱼岛隆起带南北构造差异和冲绳海槽的向西前展等问题进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽西侧陆坡存在的分段性,各分段在地形地貌、地层展布和构造特征等方面的不同,体现了其构造演化和现今构造活动性的差异。冲绳海槽中—北段的张裂始于陆架前缘坳陷,在晚中新世向东扩展至整个海槽,晚中新世至今以分散式张裂为主。北西向断裂带对东海陆架边缘不同分段的构造特征和构造活动起到了分隔控制和转换协调作用,控制了不同类型陆坡的形成和发育。受冲绳海槽在全宽度上向西前展的影响,钓鱼岛隆起带南段的基底隆起及其支撑的陆架边缘发生了破坏和沉降,形成基底起伏较大、地形崎岖不平的陆坡。     

Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation of the Western Edge of theWestern North Pacific Subtropical High During Early Summer and the Influenceof Tropical Sea Surface Temperature

This study reveals that the interannual variability of the western edge of the western North Pacific(WNP)subtropical high(WNPSH) in early summer experienced an interdecadal decrease around 1990. Correspondingly, the zonal movement of the WNPSH and the zonal extension of the high-pressure anomaly over the WNP(WNPHA) in abnormal years possess smaller ranges after 1990. The different influences of the tropical SSTAs are important for this interdecadal change, which exhibit slow El Nino decaying pat...     

High-resolution climate simulation of the last glacial maximum

The climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) is simulated with a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model, the NCAR CCM3 at spectral truncation of T170, corresponding to a grid cell size of roughly 75 km. The purpose of the study is to assess whether there are significant benefits from the higher resolution simulation compared to the lower resolution simulation associated with the role of topography. The LGM simulations were forced with modified CLIMAP sea ice distribution and sea surface temperatures (SST) reduced by 1°C, ice sheet topography, reduced CO₂, and 21,000 BP orbital parameters. The high-resolution model captures modern climate reasonably well, in particular the distribution of heavy precipitation in the tropical Pacific. For the ice age case, surface temperature simulated by the high-resolution model agrees better with those of proxy estimates than does the low-resolution model. Despite the fact that tropical SSTs were only 2.1°C less than the control run, there are many lowland tropical land areas 4–6°C colder than present. Comparison of T170 model results with the best constrained proxy temperature estimates (noble gas concentrations in groundwater) now yield no significant differences between model and observations. There are also significant upland temperature changes in the best resolved tropical mountain belt (the Andes). We provisionally attribute this result in part as resulting from decreased lateral mixing between ocean and land in a model with more model grid cells. A longstanding model-data discrepancy therefore appears to be resolved without invoking any unusual model physics. The response of the Asian summer monsoon can also be more clearly linked to local geography in the high-resolution model than in the low-resolution model; this distinction should enable more confident validation of climate proxy data with the high-resolution model. Elsewhere, an inferred salinity increase in the subtropical North Atlantic may have significant implications for ocean circulation changes during the LGM. A large part of the Amazon and Congo Basins are simulated to be substantially drier in the ice age—consistent with many (but not all) paleo data. These results suggest that there are considerable benefits derived from high-resolution model regarding regional climate responses, and that observationalists can now compare their results with models that resolve geography at a resolution comparable to that which the proxy data represent.     

释放化学物质耗空电离层电子密度的研究

电离层作为电波传播的主要通道和载体,影响着无线电通信的质量,因此人工电离层扰动具有广阔的应用前景.在电离层中释放具有较强电子亲和力的化学物质可以耗空电离层F区的电子密度,是人工电离层扰动的有效手段之一.本文通过对CO2和SF6气体在电离层中的扩散和离子化学反应过程的分析,理论计算了在我国北京地区上空释放这两种气体后电离层电子密度的时空演变过程.结果表明:(1)在电离层高度上释放100 kg的CO2或SF6气体后,电离层电子密度迅速减少,释放点周围局部区域的电子密度被耗空,能够形成一定尺度的电离层空洞,上述现象能够维持数小时之久;(2)与CO2气体相比,SF6气体具有扩散慢且化学反应快的优点,对电离层的影响较大,具有更好的电离层扰动效果.     

重庆大学危岩锚固工程简介

重庆大学18层高层建筑物拟建在嘉陵江高陡斜坡脚下,斜坡上部陡崖为侏罗系上沙溪庙组巨厚层砂岩,岩石原生及岸剪裂隙发育,危岩直接威胁着建筑物。川地208队采用锚杆加固及涂抹砂浆水泥护坡综合防治工程,效果明显。     

江西九江城门山铜矿汞气测量找矿方法

在城门山铜矿系统开展了土壤壤中汞、热释汞、全汞的测量。结果表明,花岗闪长斑岩和破碎带上覆的土壤中具有明显的壤中汞气、热释汞的富集,土壤中汞气的主要源是深部的硫化物矿体。汞异常能够准确地反映出下伏矿体的赋存部位。土壤全汞因为本底汞的影响不能很好地反映矿化信息,利用土壤全量汞与热释汞含量的比值来抑制本底汞,突显热释汞,能更清晰地显示深部的矿化信息,是示踪深部矿化信息的有用的地球化学指标。     

地质勘探套管钻进技术研究

针对复杂地层钻探,基于绳索取心钻进原理,采用不提钻换钻头取心钻进方法,开展地质勘探套管钻进新方法研究,包括套管取心钻具、代替绳索取心钻杆使用的套管,护壁措施、套管钻进工艺等,野外生产试验取得了较好的技术经济效果,并根据存在问题提出了进一步完善的建议。