Morison方程中动水阻力项对桥梁桩柱地震反应的影响

深水桥梁地震反应计算时,当采用Morison公式考虑水的作用时,增加了一个附加惯性项和一个附加阻尼项,其中附加阻尼项是非线性的。由于非线性附加阻尼项的存在,给采用反应谱方法求解桥梁的地震反应带来不便。讨论了非线性阻尼项对一般桥梁桩、墩结构地震反应的贡献,得到的结论是阻尼项的贡献很小,可以忽略。从而水中桥梁地震反应的计算就得到了很大的简化。     

10 1998年"地震监测、数据分析和交换国际培训班"概况

10.1 培训班简介 1997年9月,国际地震学与地球内部物理学协会(IASPEI)在希腊举行学术大会期间,亚洲地震委员会(ASC)召开会议,确定了第二届会议的主题和会议计划,决定在亚洲地震委员会第二届会议举行之前,举办一次较高水准的地震监测、数据分析和交换国际培训班,旨在为全世界,尤其是亚洲的多地震和发展中国家培养一批具有较高水平的地震监测和地震数据分析的专门人才.计划得到IASPEI的赞赏和支持,IASPEI下属的培训委员会愿意与亚洲地震委员会合作,将其作为1998年的主要活动,并参与了具体计划的制定和有关组织工作.联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)、国际减灾十年(IDNDR)秘书处、印度政府科学技术部等部门对此给予了支持并出资赞助.培训班由亚洲地震委员会第二届会议的主办单位--印度国家地球物理研究所(NGRI)具体组织,德国波茨坦地学研究中心(GFZ)参与了教学计划的制定和教学工作.     

华南连县─博罗─港口地带地壳结构及速度分布的爆炸地震探测结果

在华南连县-博罗-港口地区200多个观测点上取得700多道地震记录,并绘制成6张地震记录剖面图．经过分析处理,识别出下列波组：来自地壳浅层的P波组,地壳中各界面的反射组有：P_1,P_2,P_3和P_4,莫霍面的反射波组P_m,以及上地幔顶部的折射波组P_n．经分析解释得出初步结果：①通过P震相的处理,构制了测线下方浅层地壳结构和速度分布图,它与测线穿过的断裂构造带有较好的相关性。②该地区莫霍面的反射波组P_m清晰,求得地壳平均速度为6．25km／s左右．在清远至连县之间,地壳厚度为32-34km．博罗、惠东一带地壳厚度为30km,惠东至港口之间为29．5km,说明该地区莫霍面起伏不大．地壳厚度由北向南和由西向东有逐步变薄的趋势。③观测距离较长的地震剖面图上清晰地记录到上地幔顶部的P_n民震相,该震相从140km处开始以初动出现,能量强,可追踪到200km,求得的P_n速度分别为：港口-惠东-博罗一带为8.05km／s,博罗-从化-清远一带为8．06km／s,由西向南的大湾-清远-从化-博罗一带为8．13km／s,考虑到莫霍面的起伏因素,该区P_n速度值以取8.06km／s为宜。④得到该区地壳5层结构和速度分布模型,并结合该测区的地质、地震、地热和矿产分布等资料进行了初步讨论．     

Seismic Risk Region Determination by Information Entropy

During the preparation process of a great earthquake, there are certain patterns of less randomness but more order in the space-time distribution of micro-earthquakes, which had been proved by seismic events and experiments. The information entropy concerning the dimension of the order in seismic distribution is systematically defined from the point of modern statistical physics in this paper. Relations of dynamic variations of information entropy with a strong shock occurrence time and the distribution of information with a strong shock occurrence place were approached through seismic data from the Wuqia, Xikar, Wushi, and Manasi regions in Xinjiang. It is indicated that before strong earthquakes, the value of information entropy often noticeably drops in seismic region, and generally much lower in the epicentral area than the surrounding regions. These two characters are of important significance in strong shock risk region determination and large shock tendency prediction.     

Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle underneath the Tianshan orosenic belt

From April,2003 to September,2004,a passive broadband seismic array consisting of 60 stations was deployed over the Tianshan orogenic belt by State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.Among them,51 stations make up an about 500-km-long profile across the Tianshan Mountains from Kuytun to Kuqa.The receiver function profile and S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 100 km deep are obtained by using the receiver function method (Liu et al.1996,2000).The main results can be summarized as follows:(1) A clear mountain root does not exist beneath the Tianshan Mountains,and the crust-mantle boundaries underneath the stations mostly have transitional structures.This implies that the material differentiation between the crust and mantle is not yet accomplished and the orogenic process is still going on.(2)The crust beneath the Tianshan Mountains has laterally blocked structures in direction perpendicular to the mountain strike,and the crust-mantle boundary has a clear dislocation structure.Both of them correspond to each other.(3)The offsets of the Moho discontinuity are highly correlated to the tectonic borders on the surface and that corresponding to the frontal southern Tianshan fault reaches to 14 km.This manifests that large vertical divergent movement took place between different blocks.This supports the discontinuous model of the Tianshan orogeny,and the Tarim block subduction is restricted only to the southern side of the South Tianshan.(4)Inside the upper and middle crust of the Tianshan Mountains exist several low-velocity bodies correlated with high seismicity located on the mountain-basin jointures on both sides of the mountain and between different blocks,and the low-velocity bodies on the mountain-basin jointures are inclined obviously to the mountain.This implies that the low-velocity bodies may be correlated closely to the thrust and subduction of the basins on both sides of the mountain,the splicing of adjacent blocks and the fast uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.     

张家口—渤海断裂带西缘壳幔过渡带研究

利用复杂性系数、频谱分析和小波变换方法处理了穿过张家口—渤海断裂带西缘的地震测深剖面的Pm波形资料,研究不同构造单元壳幔过渡带的多参数特征以及它们在岩石圈构造演化中的意义. 结果表明: 不同构造单元Pm波的复杂性系数和频谱特征有较大差异,内蒙地轴复杂性系数小,莫霍面具有明显的一级间断面特征,怀安—张北位于张家口—渤海断裂带的西缘,该区域Pm波复杂性系数大并且频谱为多极值,Moho面为复杂的壳幔过渡带. 利用小波分析和反射率理论地震图得到该壳幔过渡带由2～3层组成,总厚度约为6～9km,最大厚度位于怀安盆地下方. 该壳幔过渡带是大陆裂谷环境中底侵作用的产物,壳幔过渡带的分层特征与该区域中新生代的多期岩浆活动有密切联系.     

雅鲁藏布大峡谷格嘎古堰塞湖沉积岩石磁学性质指示的溃决事件

末次冰期时,在雅鲁藏布大峡谷入口处发育了一个古冰川堰塞湖,称为格嘎古堰塞湖.该堰塞湖是认识冰川阻江地貌效应的重要地质证据.古冰川堰塞湖可能会发生多次溃决洪水,通过堰塞湖沉积的分析可以获取堰塞期间的水文事件的信息.本文通过对古堰塞湖沉积39个样品多种磁学参数的详细分析发现,湖相沉积中的砂层低频磁化率（Xlf）为291×10-8m3/kg,泥质沉积的Xlf仅为42×10-8m3/kg;而非磁滞剩磁磁化率（XARM）和饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）的差别则较小.进一步的X-T、Loop和IRM研究以及XARM/Xlf表明,砂层中包含较多的粗颗粒磁铁矿是Xlf较高的主要原因,说明砂层中的磁性矿物没有经过风化破坏,应为近源沉积,并且快速埋藏,指示了溃决事件.本文的结果表明,利用岩石磁学性质以检测古堰塞湖溃决事件是一种可行的新方法.     

2003年昭苏MS6.0地震定点形变异常初步分析

2003年12月1日在新疆维吾尔自治区昭苏县境内发生了Ms6．0地震。震前,跨断层形变测量、钻孔应变、地倾斜资料出现异常。其异常特征为：①趋势异常表现为年变畸变;②短期异常出现压应变增大、矢量打结、高差减小;③临震异常呈现大幅度波动不稳定变化;④异常类型齐全,趋势、短临、临震均有显示;⑤异常较丰富,形变观测方法均出现了异常;⑥异常比较集中,都分布在300km内,且多在震中以南地区。     

冻结粉质黏土三轴抗压强度和变形特性试验研究

通过对-6℃冻结粉质黏土在1～9 MPa的围压范围内进行一系列的三轴压缩试验,分析了冻土的变形和强度特性.结果表明：不同围压下,冻结粉质黏土的应力-应变曲线形态基本相似,而软化程度及初始阶段的硬化速率则有所不同.根据摩尔-库仑准则,得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角随围压的变化规律,同时基于包络线理论建立非线性强度准则,以描述冻结粉质黏土强度随围压先增大后减小的变化规律.     

数字编码日历钟

在地震观测中发展了一种石英日历钟。这个钟的时间精度为≤3×10^-9/天。它是采用MOS集成电路制成的,并使用荧光数码管作为日历和时钟的显示。时标输出除有常规的时、分和秒号外,还将日历和时钟数据以串行编码方式输出。