Enlightenment of the Mariana Fore-arc Sedimentary Basin Evolution to the Subduction Process

The Mariana subduction structure is a hot topic in ocean-ocean subduction zone research,and its subduction mechanism has attracted wide attention from experts and scholars in China and abroad.Based on the multi-channel seismic data of survey line MGL1204 in the Mariana fore-arc and DSDP ocean drilling data,this paper studies the development and evolution characteristics of the structure and strata in the Cenozoic Mariana fore-arc sedimentary basin.The Cenozoic strata are divided into six seismic sequences,with the possible era of each seismic sequence discerned,and the relationship between fault development and earthquakes analyzed.The episodic activity of the volcanic chain of the Mariana island arc is thought to control the tectonic and stratigraphic development pattern of the Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the fore-arc.Between 16°N-19°N and 146°E-151°E,the maximum thickness of the sedimentary center of the Cenozoic fore-arc sedimentary basin in Mariana is about 2360 m.Normal faults are developed in the area and some broke to the seabed,indicating that the Mariana island arc is still in the post-arc expansion stage.The application of multi-channel seismic sections in structural and stratigraphic evolution study is an important means to elucidating the Mariana subduction mechanism.     

The impact of topography on social factors,a case study of Montenegro

Relationships between environmental and social factors have long been studied by geographers.Nowadays,GIS-aided statistical analysis provides new tools to explore these relationships.In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors,we selected the country of Montenegro as a case example due to its high topographic variability.We compared the spatial pattern of population,settlements and ethnic minorities to physical geographic factors,especially to topography,but lithology and land cover data were also taken into consideration.We found that certain factors are closely correlated,e.g.the settlement density linearly decreases with elevation,while the characteristic settlement area shows an exponential increase upwards.The population density is not related to absolute elevation,but it is in close correlation with height（i.e.elevation relative to the local minimum）.Population change and illiteracy are also topography-related social factors.On the contrary,the variable ethnic pattern of Montenegro is influenced by historical,political and economic effects rather than by environmental factors or topographic features.As a conclusion we state that in the scale of a country or a region,the environment can strongly impact some social factors.     

Ionic conductivity anomaly in soil cover——Exploration of blind mineralization beneath regolith cover

This paper briefly describes the formation of ionic conductivity anomalies in soil cover, and the characteristics of ionic composition that forms conductivity anomalies, based on the theory of geoelectrochemical halo. Based on some practical results of soluble ions in soil cover and soil conductivity derived from a number of mining areas of both China and overseas, here we present the correlation of a conductivity anomaly with the ionic composition and establish a model for the formation of conductivity ano...     

Spatial and temporal dynamics of size-structured photosynthetic parameters (PAM) and primary production ((13)C) of pico- and nano-phytoplankton in an atoll lagoon

Atoll lagoons display a high diversity of trophic states due mainly to their specific geomorphology, and probably to their level and mode of human exploitation. We investigated the functioning of the Ahe atoll lagoon, utilized for pearl oyster farming, through estimations of photosynthetic parameters (pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry) and primary production ((13)C incorporation) measurements of the size structured phytoplankton biomass (<2μm and >2μm). Spatial and temporal scales of variability were surveyed during four seasons, over 16months, at four sites within the lagoon. While primary production (P) was dominated by the picophytoplankton, its biomass specific primary productivity (P(B)) was lower than in other atoll lagoons. The variables size fraction of the phytoplankton, water temperature, season, the interaction term station*fraction and site, explained significantly the variance of the data set using redundancy analysis. No significant trends over depth were observed in the range of 0-20m. A clear spatial pattern was found which was persistent over the seasons: south and north sites were different from the two central stations for most of the measured variables. This pattern could possibly be explained by the existence of water cells showing different water residence time within the lagoon. Photoacclimation strategies of the two size fractions differed through their light saturation coefficient (higher for picophytoplankton), but not through their maximum photosynthetic capacity (ETR(max)). Positive linear relationships between photosynthetic parameters indicated that their dynamic was independent of light availability in this ecosystem, but most probably dependent on nutrient availability and/or rapid changes in the community structure. Spatial and temporal patterns of the measured processes are then further discussed in the context of nutrient availability and the possible role of cultured oysters in nutrient recycling.     

The use of dinoflagellate cysts to separate human-induced from natural variability in the trophic state of the Po River discharge plume over the last two centuries

To obtain insight into the natural and/or human-induced changes in the trophic state of the distal portion of the Po River discharge plume over the last two centuries, high temporal resolution dinoflagellate cyst records were established at three sites. Cyst production rates appear to reflect the natural variability in the river's discharge, whereas cyst associations reflect the trophic state of the upper waters, which in turn can be related to agricultural development. The increased abundances of Lingulodinium machaerophorum and Stelladinium stellatum found as early as 1890 and 1920 correspond to the beginning of the industrial revolution in Italy and the first chemical production and dispersion of ammonia throughout Europe. After 1955, the increased abundances of these species and of Polykrikos schwartzii, Brigantedinium spp. and Pentapharsodinium dalei correspond to agriculturally induced alterations of the hypertrophic conditions. A slight improvement in water quality can be observed from 1987 onward.     

什么引起了最近北磁极的加速漂移?

引言 北磁极位于地磁场竖直向下的地球表面.虽然地核通过内部对流的地球发电机过程维持了地球的主磁场,但却引起了北磁极随时间的不断漂移.北磁极的漂移速度从20世纪90年代初的15 km/a突然增加到90年代末的55 km/a.     

对24种大气成分的热红外天底观测

热红外天底探测仪是观测诸如水汽、二氧化碳和臭氧等大气组分总柱含量或垂直剖面的理想仪器。低于5cm-1光谱分辨率的高分辨率探测仪能够分辨痕量气体细微的光谱特征。在第一台高光谱探测仪IRIS出现的40年后,现在几款改进了仪器特性的仪器已经在轨运行。本文评述了应用热红外天底探测仪观测痕量气体,重点在于红外大气探测干涉仪(IASI)的新近观测。文章介绍了14种非常活泼的痕量气体的典型观测。从天底视角观测气体讲,一些组分属首次报道,包括亚硝酸、呋喃、乙炔、丙基烯、乙酸、甲醛和氰化氢;这些组分是在2009年2月澳大利亚丛林大火的火积云中观测到的。由于能够观测这些大量活性的痕量气体,所以我们关于源排放及其对环境和气候方面影响的知识可能会加深。     

西南印度洋超慢速扩张洋脊的岩浆一构造旋回：来自轴部火山洋脊地形变化和深海丘陵样式的证据

综合利用洋脊轴部的深拖侧扫声纳资料和轴外的水深数据,研究了超慢速扩张的西南印度洋洋脊处洋壳增生过程的瞬时变化。在洋脊各段的侧扫声纳图像中可以观察到轴部火山洋脊的长度与高度的差异,及这些火山建造不同的变形程度。这些差异是由于轴部火山洋脊处于其生命演化周期的不同发育阶段,包括火山建造期和构造裂解期。利用轴外侧的水深数据确定了每个洋脊段中许多大小均匀的深海丘陵。这些深海丘陵均显示不对称的形状,面向轴部为陡峭的断层崖,背向轴部为平缓倾斜的火山岩斜坡。这些深海丘陵是被运移到两翼的、已被裂解的早期轴部火山洋脊的残留,它们形成于连续的岩浆建造期和构造裂解期之中,即一个岩浆-构造旋回。在厚地壳的洋脊区段观察到大型深海丘陵,而在薄地壳的洋脊区段观察到小型深海丘陵。这说明岩浆供给量控制着深海丘陵的大小。在薄地壳的洋脊区段,深海丘陵有规律地等间隔排列,表明岩浆一构造循环的伪周期性过程持续约0．4ma,比厚地壳的洋脊区段的周期时间短4～6倍。我们认为,有规律的深海丘陵样式与长寿命洋脊段下部几乎恒定的岩浆持续供给有关。相比之下,在岩浆供给急剧减少并极不连续的情况下,不再存在有规律的深海丘陵样式。