卫星遥感测深:建模新机理

本文提出了一种能克服以往遥感测深技术固有缺陷的遥感测深建模新机理。光谱观察量表明:水体出射辐射亮度是由水体散射决定而不是底层反射决定,除非水深非常浅并且透明或底层反射率高。对这种现象的观察,有可能导致开发一种能适用于混浊和较深的沿岸水域的水体散射水体散射遥感测深模型。对陆地卫星TM和SPOT-XS的卫星传感数据和实地观测数据的分析表明,该模型能比底层反射模型更好地描述从水体中反射的辐射亮度和水深的关系。本文还提出了用实测光谱量计算水体衰减系数的方法,及为消除大气影响把该系数应用于模型校准的方法。另外,应用该水体散射理论,给出了最大可测水深的数值表达式。     

基于植被状态指数的全国干旱遥感监测试验研究(Ⅰ)--资料分析与处理部分

在收集处理了了1981～1994年连续504旬的由NOAA AVHRR第1、2通道的反射率计算得的NDVI时间系列数据,以及1980～1994年全国102个固定农气观测站的旬土壤湿度资料(-20cm)和相应测站的田间持水量资料基础上,分析了全国NDVI及植被状态指数VCI的时空变化特征,发现NDVI值随季节(旬)分别表现为“双峰型”和“单峰型”的变化,在第17～27旬之间达到极大值,并与作物生长有关,VCI的变化与NDVI的变化呈相反趋势;对资料因站点的分布和密度以及时序位相等差异可能影响资料代表性的探讨认为：因旱情发展有一个过程,故NDVI、SHI的时空特性应该不会影响其分析结果的代表性。综合分析了资料的时空代表性,为干旱遥感监测模型的建立作准备。     

天然硫化物矿物对地球深部热能的热电转化效应研究

金属硫化物半导体矿物在地壳中分布广泛,其中一些禁带宽度较窄的硫化物矿物,如黄铁矿、黄铜矿和斑铜矿等,在地热梯度下产生的天然热电势可将地球内部热能转化为电能。本文选取黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿以及斑铜矿-赤铁矿-辉铜矿集合体等天然硫化物矿物样品,研究了其热电特性。研究结果表明,300～700K下,除磁黄铁矿具有低塞贝克系数和超高电导率而表现出金属导体的电输运行为外,黄铁矿和黄铜矿为n型半导体,斑铜矿和斑铜矿-赤铁矿-辉铜矿集合体为p型半导体,具有150～500μV/K的显著塞贝克系数和5～95 S/cm的电导率,说明样品在地热梯度下具有产生显著热电效应的能力。根据激光闪射法测得的热扩散率以及样品的理论比热、密度计算热导率,斑铜矿及硫化物矿物集合体样品表现出小于1 W/(m·K)的低热导率,说明样品在局部热源影响下可形成较大温差。根据热电基本理论和地热梯度构建天然热电效应模型,对硫化物半导体矿物集合体产生的天然热电势、额外地表电流密度及热电转换效率进行了模拟计算得出经验公式,发现硫化物半导体矿物在300～650 K条件下能产生100 m V左右的天然热电势,产生的最大热电转化率可达4‰,且可以通过偶极电流源模型计算矿物体产生的额外地表电流密度。研究认为硫化物半导体矿物可能作为天然热电转换介质深刻影响地球内部能量的转化与传递过程。     

Characteristics,differences and main controlling factors of source rocks in the central‐southern South China Sea Basins

The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources. With the increasing exploration of oil and gas resources in the northern South China Sea and the increasing demand for energy in the world, The central‐southern South China Sea have become important constituencies for oil and gas resources. The central‐southern basins of South China Sea can be divided into three types of basin groups, namely, the southern basin group (Zengmu Basin, Brunei‐Sabah Basin), the western basin group (Wan'an Basin, Zhong jiannan Basin) and the Central Basin Group (Liyue Basin, Beikang Basin, Nanweixi Basin and Palawan Basin). At present, the degree of exploration is relatively low, and the source rock has not yet formed a understanding of the system. The main source rock development time, source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and control factors of each basin group are still unclear, which seriously restricts the exploration of oil and gas. Based on the sedimentary facies distribution and sedimentary filling evolution, combined with the geoche mical characteristics of the source rocks, the source age, organic matter type, hydrocarbon generation potential and main controlling factors of the basins in the central‐southern basins are discussed. By the detailed research on delta scale, provenance system, paleoclimate conditions, ancient vegetation development and hydroca rbon generation parent material, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in each basin group are revealed.     

地球深部流体中的有机质与金刚石生长北大核心CSCD

金刚石代表了地球深部微量的碳存在,其成因对于理解行星演化的动力学机制、挥发分循环以及氧化还原状态演变等具有重要意义。在俯冲带环境,金刚石的形成和挥发分的循环密切相关。地球内部的碳通量主要受变质脱碳作用和碳酸盐溶解作用形成的相对氧化的水质流体的调节和控制。在深部C-H-O流体中,碳由随流体迁移到最终饱和形成金刚石的过程主要受碳在流体中溶解度的控制,而后者则受高温高压条件、pH值、氧化还原环境、溶质结构和岩石中缓冲矿物组合等多种因素的影响。     

海上丝绸之路沿线陆域地质演化与成矿

海上丝绸之路东起泉州,西至非洲和欧洲,横跨东南亚、南亚和东北非等地区,涉及特提斯成矿域、环太平洋成矿域,以及冈瓦纳构造域。独特的地理位置和复杂的构造环境,导致了众多世界级矿床的形成。东南亚地区位于特提斯成矿域和环太平洋成矿域的结合部位,经弧陆碰撞、陆陆碰撞形成了斑岩型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩型铜金矿,红土型铝土矿,砂矿型锡矿,岩浆分异型镍矿和蒸发沉积型钾盐等优势矿产。伴随着特提斯构造域的演化、冈瓦纳大陆的裂解,以及印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞,南亚地区先后形成斑岩型铜矿、岩浆型铬铁矿、BIF型铁矿、红土型、同生沉积变质型锰矿等矿产,东北非地区形成了VMS型铜金矿、造山型金矿、沉积型钾盐等优势矿产,西非克拉通形成了造山带型金矿、BIF型铁矿、红土型铝土矿和沉积型锰矿等优势矿产。海上丝绸之路沿线国家的优势矿产资源具有矿床规模大、品位高、分布集中等特点,与我国的矿产资源具有强烈的互补性,可以很好的服务"一路一带"建设,推动沿线国家矿业经济发展。     

Analysis of Gold Mineralization in Tectonic-Magmatic Environment: A Case Study of Ertix Gold Metallogenic Zone

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details.     

Microphysical Characteristics of Extreme-Rainfall Convection over the Pearl River Delta Region,South China from Polarimetric Radar Data during the Pre-summer Rainy Season

During the pre-summer rainy season, heavy rainfall occurs frequently in South China. Based on polarimetric radar observations, the microphysical characteristics and processes of convective features associated with extreme rainfall rates(ERCFs) are examined. In the regions with high ERCF occurrence frequency, sub-regional differences are found in the lightning flash rate(LFR) distributions. In the region with higher LFRs, the ERCFs have larger volumes of high reflectivity factor above the freezin...     

Variability of Raindrop Size Distribution during a Regional Freezing Rain Event in the Jianghan Plain of Central China

The characteristics of the raindrop size distribution(DSD) during regional freezing rain(FR) events that occur throughout the phase change(from liquid to solid) are poorly understood due to limited observations. We investigate the evolution of microphysical parameters and the key formation mechanisms of regional FR using the DSDs from five disdrometer sites in January 2018 in the Jianghan Plain(JHP) of Central China. FR is identified via the size and velocity distribution measured from a disdrom...     

美国重返亚太及中国的战略应对--基于南海海上战略通道的视角

美国二战后一直控制着南海的战略咽喉,中国战略利益的延伸威胁到了美国在南海长期形成的控制地位,在此背景下,美国提出了重返亚太的战略,目的在于加强对南海的控制并防范来自中国的挑战,维持其全球霸主地位。本文从南海海上战略通道的视角去研究美国为何重返亚太。研究发现,美国介入南海问题是基于内在动因和外在动因。内在动因是美国的大战略决定了必然要控制海上战略通道以及美国欲把南海变成其全球第17条海上战略通道;外在动因是中国在南海的活动挤压了美国的海上战略通道空间。对中国来说,在不影响国家大战略以及海洋战略的前提下,应该合理地规划战略应对之策。