Use of Surface Observations to Estimate Upper Air Humidity for the Objective Analysis of Relative Humidity over Indian Region

In the present study objective analyses of relative humidity (RH) at surface and at the levels of 850, 700 and 500 hPa have been made using Gandin's (1963) optimum interpolation scheme. As the horizontal resolution of the radiosonde stations is rather inadequate for upper air humidity analysis, a scheme has been developed, following Rasmussen (1982) to estimate the upper air RH from the surface observations like surface RH, present weather and cloud cover. The relative humidities at the levels 850, 700 and 500 hPa were related to the surface observations through three separate regression relations. The RH values at 850, 700 and 500 hPa levels were estimated from the surface RH, cloud coverage and present weather using the above regression relations and subsequently the objective analyses at 00 GMT for the period from 4 July to 8 July 1979, were made using these estimated data along with the observed radiosonde data. Objective analyses were also made for the same period using only the radiosonde data for     

河南灵宝董家埝银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

董家埝银矿位于小秦岭南缘,受小河断裂的次级构造控制,是小秦岭南带首次发现的大型贵金属矿床。矿床的热液成矿期分为3个阶段：石英—黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英—多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)和石英—碳酸岩化阶段(Ⅲ),其中石英—多金属硫化物阶段为主要成矿阶段。矿体主要发育气液两相包裹体(W型)、含CO₂包裹体(C型)及纯CO₂包裹体(PC型)3种类型,石英—黄铁矿阶段主要发育C型、W型和少量PC型包裹体,石英—多金属硫化物阶段主要发育W型和少量C型包裹体。第Ⅰ及第Ⅱ成矿阶段的石英流体包裹体的均一温度范围分别为151～270℃和126～240℃,且呈降低趋势;盐度范围分别为3.8%～22.42%NaCleqv和4.16%～20.48%NaCleqv,整体变化不大,属于低盐度环境;CO₂由富转贫。估算成矿压力为22.08～76.6 MPa,成矿深度3.77～7.13 km,矿床类型为低盐度中低温中深成热液型银矿床。     

Intra-continental Orogeny: Insights from Magnetotelluric Data into the Mesozoic Uplift History of the Eastern Jiangnan Orogen in South China

Despite extensive efforts to understand the tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan Orogen in South China, the orogenic process and its mechanism remain a matter of dispute. Previous geodynamic studies have mostly focused on collisional orogeny, which is commonly invoked to explain the Jiangnan Orogen. However, it is difficult for such hypotheses to reconcile all the geological and geophysical data, especially the absence of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Based on the magnetotelluric data, we ...     

鲁中北寿光机械林场遗址的环境与盐业生产活动——炭化植物遗存分析

渤海南岸的莱州湾滩地是中国古代重要的产盐区,分布有众多盐业遗址。其中,山东寿光机械林场遗址是一处东周和宋元时期的盐业遗址,分布有盐灶、盐井和灰坑等遗迹单位。炭化遗存分析结果显示,遗址中农作物种子的数量较少,杂草的种类及数量较为丰富,以藜科、菊科、禾本科、茨藻科为主,并且发现了数量较多的草本植物茎秆,植物比例显示出偏向自然生长的状态,可能与放荒发展草荡以供燃料有关。寿光机械林场在东周时期处于滨海盐生草甸植被分布区,气候较为温和干旱,至宋元时期湿地植物增加。土壤盐碱化的环境特征并不适合发展农业,遗址多为煮盐作坊区,与生活区间可能隔有一定距离,或与官府对盐业的管控有关。先民在煮盐时就地取材,利用周边杂草作为燃料,煮盐集中在秋末、冬季,遗址可能存在季节性利用的特征。有关盐业遗址的炭化植物遗存的研究相对较少,寿光机械林场遗址炭化遗存分析结果可以为研究煮盐燃料及莱州湾滩地盐业作坊区周边的环境与植物类型提供一些线索。     

胶东夏甸金矿床构造-热历史:成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束

胶东是全球唯一已知前寒武纪变质地体内的晚中生代巨型金成矿系统,其成矿机制独具特色,属胶东型金矿床成因新类型;深入剖析该成矿系统的形成、变化与保存过程对丰富和完善金成矿理论具有重要意义。夏甸超大型金矿床位于胶东招平金矿带中南段,赋存于晚侏罗世玲珑花岗岩和早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩中,是一典型的胶东型金矿床;该矿床成岩-成矿时代已有精确限定,但其精细演化过程与成矿后变化-保存尚缺乏有效约束,是开展矿床形成与隆升剥蚀研究的理想选择。因此,本文通过成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束该矿床的构造-热历史,揭示其主控因素,提高对该成矿系统的认识,为深部找矿潜力评价提供支撑。本次获取的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩分别于151.7±2.1Ma(2σ)和125.8±1.6Ma(2σ)侵位。区域已有黑云母和白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄表明玲珑岩体侵位后缓慢冷却,并发生韧性变形;郭家岭花岗岩则经历了同岩浆韧性变形和快速冷却;约于124Ma两者均冷却至350±50℃,区域发生韧脆性变形转换。夏甸金矿床与载金矿物共生的热液绢云母^4...     

吸湿凝结水对荒漠地区生物土壤结皮生态功能的影响综述

生物土壤结皮可以作为一种模式系统来研究复杂的生态学问题,而吸湿凝结水是生物土壤结皮在干旱期维持功能活性的基础,吸湿凝结水输入期间生物土壤结皮的生理活动会影响土壤中的碳交换和许多生物地球化学过程,因此,在荒漠生态系统中,地表吸湿凝结水与生物土壤结皮的关系研究显得尤为重要。但由于吸湿凝结水的形成过程受下垫面特征以及诸多热力及气象环境要素的影响,需要基于土壤学、生物学、气象学、物理学和表面科学等学科的交叉集成研究。在综述国内外研究动态的基础上,根据吸湿凝结水形成的物理基础,对比分析了不同原理测量方法的优缺点及发展趋势,从吸湿凝结水对生物土壤结皮的作用机制和生物土壤结皮发育对吸湿凝结水形成的影响两方面总结和讨论了目前吸湿凝结水形成与生物土壤结皮关系研究的进展和不足,根据现有研究结果,阐述了在未来全球变化背景下,非降雨水输入特征的改变及对生物土壤结皮发育和荒漠生态系统功能的生态作用,并提出了当前研究中存在的问题及未来的研究重点,这些问题的解决将提高我们对荒漠生态系统稳定性和可持续性的科学认知水平。     

Spatiotemporal assessment of particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5) and ozone in a Caribbean urban coastal city

Air pollution has become a critical issue in urban areas,so a broad understanding of its spatiotemporal characteristics is important to develop public policies.This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variation of atmospheric particulate matter(PM₁₀ and PM_2.5)and ozone(O₃)in Barranquilla,Colombia from March 2018 to June 2019 in three monitoring stations.The average concentrations observed for the Móvil,Policía,and Tres Avemarías stations,respectively,for PM₁₀:46.4,51.4,and 39.7μg/m³;for PM_2.5:16.1,18.1,and 15.1μg/m³ and for O₃:35.0,26.6,and 33.6μg/m³.The results indicated spatial and temporal variations between the stations and the pollutants evaluated.The highest PM concentrations were observed in the southern part of the city,while for ozone,higher concentrations were observed in the north.These variations are mainly associated with the influence of local sources in the environment of each site evaluated as well as the meteorological conditions and transport patterns of the study area.This study also verified the existence of differences in the concentrations of the studied pollutants between the dry and rainy seasons and the contribution of local sources as biomass burnings from the Isla Salamanca Natural Park and long-range transport of dust particles from the Sahara Desert.This study provides a scientific baseline for understanding air quality in the city,which enables policy makers to adopt efficient measures that jointly prevent and control pollution.     

论寒武纪三叶虫节头虫属：概念和异名

节头虫属(Genus Arthricocephalus)的概念一直较为混乱,在为它的模式种乔氏节头虫(Arthricocephalus chauveaui)指定"选模"后,又进一步加剧。经对A.chauveaui的原始手标本上保存的所有三叶虫研究后,发现命名者Bergeron所附A.chauveaui的唯一图片,依据的是其中一枚背壳,特征吻合,从而认定该背壳是A.chauveaui的正模,代表了模式种和节头虫属的概念,是该种和该属名称的载体。也表明为A.chauveaui建立"选模",既无必要,也违背命名者的本意。而且选择一个不归属于A.chauveaui的标本来代表该种、该属的概念,就更不妥当。经研究,手标本上的三叶虫不是同一个种,而是隶属于三个不同种,这三个种又应归属于三个不同的属,即Arthricocephalus,Oryctocarella和Duyunaspis。A.chauveaui"选模"头盖并不属于该种,应归属于Oryctocarella duyunensis。研究还表明,有三个分类单元是Arthricocephalus的晚出异名,即Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974,Haliplanktes Blaker et Peel,1997,和Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin sensu Yuan et al.,2002。     

长白山区二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因

采用岩石化学和同位素分析方法,研究了二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩的成因。玄武质熔岩由钠质拉斑玄武岩和钾质粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩组成。它们的REE分配形式比较相近,表明它们来自共同的源区。Sr、Nd、Pb同位素示踪表明,二道白河流域早更新世玄武质熔岩岩浆源区接近于似原始地幔。它们的Mg#=100Mg O/(Mg O+Fe O)低于中国东部新生代玄武岩原始岩浆的Mg#(60~68),Ni(27.76×10-6~200.6×10-6)低于原始地幔,Rb/Sr(0.05~0.09)、Ba/Rb(15.64~264)高于原始地幔,说明这些岩石不是源自原始地幔。玄武质熔岩的DI变化于42~67,具有高Ca、高Sr、Eu正异常,微量元素图解显示玄武岩保留部分熔融趋势,粗面玄武岩、玄武质粗安岩具有结晶分异趋势,岩浆上升过程中发生了不同程度的地壳混染作用。玄武质熔岩的Nb/Ta之比为14.8~15.8,与勘察加半岛深俯冲带火山类似。Nb/Ta-(Na2O-K2O)关系图解显示研究区玄武质岩浆的形成与俯冲板片的部分熔融有关。