扬子板块西北缘碧口地块中——新生代变质、变形与年代限定

碧口地块位于扬子板块西北缘,由北部变质沉积岩系及南部变质中基性火山岩组成。碧口地块北部岩石变质为千枚岩、云母石英片岩,南部岩石经历绿片岩-蓝片岩相变质。由于对碧口地块变形特征及区域变质作用分析深度不够,缺少精确的变质时间限定,碧口地块变质杂岩系性质、区域变质年代及其大地构造属性始终处于争议之中,导致对西秦岭和龙门山造山过程的认识产生分歧。通过详细区域构造解析,将碧口地块划分为3期变形:D1期以紧闭褶皱、面理S1及矿物线理L1为特征;D2期形成于由北向南的正断拆离作用,显示韧性变形特征,D2期变形改造先期逆断层并形成半地堑盆地;D3期形成于喜山期逆冲走滑运动,以脆性变形为主要特征。本研究获得碧口变质岩中变形脉锆石U-Pb年龄(227.2±6.2)Ma,碧口地块已报道的D1期变形后期侵入体年龄为226~215 Ma,从而限定D1期碧口区域变质变形年龄为约220 Ma。因此推测D1期形成于三叠纪末华南、华北板块碰撞,碧口地块区域变质主要形成于这一时期的俯冲碰撞作用;D2与D3期则与青藏高原的东向扩张有关。     

Intraseasonal oscillation of the southwest monsoon over Sri Lanka and evaluation of its subseasonal forecast skill

斯里兰卡的雨季发生于5-9月间,主要受西南季风的控制.本文发现该地区的西南季风降水存在很强的次季节变率,主导周期为10-35天.降水的季节内变化与西传的异常气旋有关.进一步,利用S2S比较计划中欧洲中心的数值预报模式(ECMWF)提供的回报试验数据,评估了当今动力模式对斯里兰卡西南季风次季节变化的预报技巧.结果显示,对季风指数的预测技巧超过30天,而对降水指数的预测技巧大约两周,且模式的预报技巧具有明显的年际差异.分析表明,能否正确模拟出大尺度环流对热带对流的响应是影响斯里兰卡降水预测的重要因子.     

Preface to Special Issue on the National Report to the IUGG Centennial by CNC-IAMAS(2011–2018)

正The 27th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics(IUGG), which also marks the 100 th anniversary of IUGG, will be held during 8–18 July 2019 in Montréal, Canada. The Chinese National Committee(CNC)for the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS) has a more than 30-year tradition of     

Protein carbonyls and antioxidant defenses in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) from a heavy metal polluted and a PAH polluted site

The use of fish in environmental monitoring has become increasingly important in recent years as anthropogenic substances, many of which function as prooxidants, are accumulating in aquatic environments. We have measured a battery of antioxidant defenses as a measure of oxidative status, as well as protein carbonylation as a measure of oxidative damage, in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) captured near a disused copper mine, where water and sediment are contaminated with heavy metals, and an aluminum smelter, a site contaminated with PAHs. Results were compared to two different reference sites. Fish at the heavy metal site had lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and elevated protein carbonyls (1.8 times) compared to fish from the reference site. At the PAH site, EROD was increased 2-fold, while total glutathione and methemoglobin reductase concentration, were decreased. No differences were seen in protein carbonyl levels at the PAH site. Measures of both antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage should be used when assessing effects of xenobiotics on oxidative stress in fish species.     

Use of immunofluorescence technique in cultured fibroblasts from Mediterranean cetaceans as new "in vitro" tool to investigate effects of environmental contaminants

The aim of the present study was to propose the immunofluorescence technique in cultured fibroblasts from Mediterranean cetaceans as a new "in vitro" tool to explore the susceptibility of these marine mammals to different xenobiotic compounds. The cell lines were cultured from integument biopsies of free-ranging and stranded cetaceans (dead within 12h). Using the indirect immunofluorescence assay, we detected endogenous proteins induced by different contaminants. Here we present the method used for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cytochromes P450 (CYP1A1 and CYP2B) induced by some POPs (DDTs and PCBs) and emerging contaminants (PBDEs) in fibroblast cell cultures of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Immunofluorescence was quantified with a specially designed Olympus macro, DetectIntZ. A major result was the possibility of using this "in vitro" assay to quantify induction of endogenous proteins.     

Diagnosis of trace metal contamination in sediments: the example of Ensenada and El Sauzal, two harbors in Baja California, Mexico

Total metal concentrations in sediments from within Ensenada and El Sauzal Harbors are generally higher than at the mouths. Grain-size analyses suggested that this enrichment could be due to the presence of fine-grained sediments in the inner part of the harbors rather than to anthropogenic perturbations. The (Me/Al)(sample) ratios for Pb, Co, Ni and Fe were significantly higher for Ensenada Harbor relative to El Sauzal Harbor, whereas the ratios for Cd, Mn, Zn and Cu were statistically equivalent for both harbors. Calculated enrichment factors [EF(Me)=(Me/Al)(sample)/(Me/Al)(shale)] indicated that the metals showing slight enrichment were those associated with anthropogenic contamination (Pb, Zn), or probably related to primary productivity in the water column (Cd, Co). The levels of most of the metals were not greatly enriched, a consideration that is of the utmost importance when contamination issues are at stake.