Thioploca spp. sheaths as niches for bacterial and protistan assemblages

Sulfide oxidizing bacterial mats are common in regions of the continental shelves characterized by high primary production and the resultant oxygen minimum zone. These mats are made up of several species of Beggiatoa and/or Thioploca, which oxidize sulfide that is generated in the sediment. Thioploca spp. inhabit a large polysaccharide sheath that encompasses bundles of 1–20 filaments (trichomes), each ranging from 3 to 60 μm in diameter. This sheath has been shown to be a critical component of the autecology of Thioploca. Analysis of Thioploca from cold seeps in Monterey Bay using light and transmission electron microscopy identified new and diverse microbial assemblages associated with interstitial spaces between trichomes, inside the sheath. Small diameter, non‐vacuolate, filamentous prokaryotes were numerous. Amoebae, euglenozoa, ciliates and other protists of unknown affiliation were observed in sheaths. Most of the protists possessed food vacuoles and some protists showed ultrastructural evidence of endosymbionts. These observations suggest that Thioploca sheaths may serve as oases on the sea floor, providing nutritional and detoxification services to previously unrecognized microbial partners.     

Peak-Size Distributions of Proton Fluxes and Associated Soft X-Ray Flares

A database combining information about solar proton enhancements (SPEs) near the Earth and soft X-ray flares (GOES measurements) has been used for the study of different correlations through the period from 1975 to May 2006. The emphasis of this work is on the treatment of peak-size distributions of SXR flares and SPEs. The frequency of SXR flares and solar proton events (>10 and >100 MeV, respectively) for the past three solar cycles has been found to follow mainly a power-law distribution over three to five orders of magnitude of fluxes, which is physically correct beyond the “sensitivity” problem with the smallest peak values. The absence of significant spectral steepening in the domain of the highest peak values demonstrates that during the period considered, lasting 30 years, the limit of the highest flare’s energy release has not yet been achieved. The power-law exponents were found to be −2.19±0.04, −1.34±0.02, and −1.46±0.04, for the total SXR flare distribution and the total SPE distributions (for both E _P>10 MeV and E _P>100 MeV), respectively. For SPEs associated with flares located to the West of 20° W, the exponents are −1.22±0.05 (E _P>10 MeV) and −1.26±0.03 (E _P>100 MeV). The size distribution for corresponding flares follows a power law with a slope of −1.29±0.12. Thus, X-ray and proton fluxes produced in the same solar events have very similar distribution shapes. Moreover, the derived slopes are not incompatible with a linear dependence between X-ray flare power and proton fluxes near the Earth. A similar statistical relation is obtained independently from the direct comparison of the X-ray and proton fluxes. These all argue for a statistically significant relationship between X-ray and proton emissions.     

Das Pamir-System

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Altimetry-derived tide model for improved tide and water level forecasting along the European continental shelf

Ocean Dynamics - With the continued rise in global mean sea level, operational predictions of tidal height and total water levels have become crucial for accurate estimations and understanding of...     

Ergebnisse neuer geologischer Forschung im Tian-Schan

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Meereskundlich-chemische Untersuchungen mit Hilfe des Pulfrich-Photometers von Zeiss

Zusammenfassung Die bisherigen Methoden zur Bestimmung des Chlorophylls im Meerwasser benötigen zu ihrer Durchführung Wassermengen von einem bis zu einigen Litern. Sie sind infolgedessen zur Ausfühung serienmäßiger ozeanischer Messungen noch nicht voll geeignet. Durch Ausnutzung der intensiven Rotfluoreszenz des Chlorophylls und Benutzung kleinerer und engerer Kolorimeterröhren läßt es sich ermöglichen, den Wasserbedarf bis auf 100 ccm und weniger je Probe herabzudrücken und somit diesen Mangel zu beheben. Die für diesen Zweck geschaffene gleiche Arbeitsapparatur ermöglicht weiterhin, im Anschluß an die Chlorophyllbestimmung ohne wesentlich erhöhte Arbeitsbelastung die Bestimmung der Eigenfluoreszenz gleichfalls auf dem Wege der Mikromethodik an nur 1 ccm Meerwasser durchzuführen.

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Investigations in chemical oceanography carried out with the aid of the Pulfrich photometer

Summary The old method of determining the chlorophyll content of sea water required a comparatively great quantity of sea water (one or severel litres) and, hence, was not suitable in case of serial measurements. The utilization of the intensive red fluorescence of chlorophyll and the use of small and narrow colorimeter tubes render it possible to minimize the required quantity of water to 100 ccm and less per sample. The apparatus which was especially constructed for this purpose being fit for the determination of both the chlorophyll content and the proper fluorescence, the latter can be easily determined immediately after the determination of the chlorophyll content by means of the micro-method from only 1 ccm of sea water.

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Investigations chimiques dans le domaine océanographique à l'aide du photomètre de PulfrichVII^e communication. Les micro déterminations de la teneur en chlorophylle et de la fluorescence propre de l'eau de mer

Résumé La quantité minimale nécessaire pour déterminer la teneur en chlorophylle selon la méthode en usage jusqu' à présent se montait d'un à plusieurs litres; à cause de cela cette méthode n'était pas convenable pour des mensurations en séries. En se servant de l'intensive fluorescence rouge de la chlorophylle et en employant un petit tube étroit à colorimètre il est possible de limiter la quantité d'eau à 100 ccm et moins par échantillon. En outre, on peut se servir du même appareil pour déterminer la fluorescence propre selon la nouvelle méthode. Pour cette détermination qui peut être effectué sans peine immédiatement après celle de la chlorophylle on a besoin de seulement 1 ccm d'eau de mer.

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Die sechs vorhergehenden Mitteilungen sind in den Annalen der Hydrographie und maritimen Meteorologie erschienen, und zwar I:59, 1931, 313; II:61, 1933, 124; III:62, 1934, 65; IV:63, 1935, 58: V:63, 1935, 195; VI:65, 1937, 276.     

Die wirkliche Solarkonstante

Zusammenfassung Die Solarkonstante 2.4 wird begründet.

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Summary The true solar constant 2.4 is proved.