Die Ursachen des Bergsturzes am Reintalanger (Wettersteingebirge)

Ohne ZusammenfassungVon Herrn Dr.Huber begonnene Untersuchungen über »Frostwechsel auf der Zugspitze« lassen, wie ich einer Mitteilung des Verfassers verdanke, erkennen, daß im 15jährigen Durchschnitt die Anzahl der Tage mit Frostwechsel am raschesten ansteigt vom April mit 4,0 Tagen zum Mai mit 12,8 Tagen. Der Mai zeigt die häufigsten Fälle der Erwärmung von einem Tag zum nächsten, aus der Tabelle auf S. 31 einer anderen Untersuchung von A.Huber 2) geht das zahlenmäßig klar hervor.Es ist demnach im Wettersteingebirge ebenso wie in den nördlichen Kalkalpen überhaupt der Mai infolge seiner klimatischen Eigenschaften der eigentliche Frühjahrsmonat, deshalb für Bergstürze besonders günstig. Das zeigt sich auch bei dem vorliegenden Fall, und zugleich tritt die unmittelbare Ursache der Auslösung des Bergsturzes durch die Wetterlage deutlich hervor.     

Der Bau der Südrandstörung des Wettersteingebirges

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund eingehender Untersuchung der Südrandstörung des Wettersteingebirges wird der Nachweis erbracht, daß sie nicht einheitlich, sondern aus hunderten von Einzelverwerfungen in verschiedenen Richtungen zusammengesetzt ist. Diese Verwerfungen mit nahezu horizontalen Rutschstreifen stehen senkrecht, die seltenen Ausnahmen führen zu überschiebungen geringen Ausmaßes. Bezeichnend ist die plötzliche oder allmähliche Richtungsänderung der Verwerfungen und ihre Ablösung am Rande durch neue. Sie beweisen eine Summe von Differentialbewegungen gleichzeitig mit der Gesamtbewegung der Streifenschollen in O-W-Richtung. Das nötigt erneut zur Ablehnung einer, einheitlichen, S-N bewegten Decke.Auf die übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen vonCloos im Kristianiagebiete, wo ebenfalls seitliche Verschiebungen von Blöcken gegeneinander die einzige Erklärungsmöglichkeit bieten, wird hingewiesen.     

Über Breccien

Ohne ZusammenfassungDie Untersuchungen wurden ermöglicht durch einen Zuschuß der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft, der ich dafür auch hier meinen Dank ausspreche.     

Physiographic features on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope

The continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico is diapirically controlled and is comprised of coalescing salt sheets, salt withdrawal basins, salt ridges, salt tongues and sills, and submarine canyons. Bathymetric information from single-beam data has resulted in several published maps. Many of the map areas have been remapped, using multibeam surveys, by the US National Ocean Service, and names have been given to the major physiographic features. The multibeam program was discontinued before complete coverage of the slope was accomplished. We provide charts of the remaining areas with names of features that have been accepted by the US Board of Geographic Names.     

Hatchery programs,stock enhancement,and cost effectiveness: A case study of the Albemarle Sound/Roanoke River stocking program 1981–1996

Fish hatchery programs commonly are used to enhance depleted fish populations. While these programs are highly valued by the public, most likely due to their nonrestrictive approach to restoring a fishery, the effectiveness of these programs has been often questioned. This study investigates economic and ecological effectiveness of the Albemarle Sound/Roanoke River (AR) striped bass stocking program from 1981 to1996 as a case study.     

Population Structure of Blennius incognitos BATH 1968 (Pisces: Teleostei: Blen-niidae) during the Reproductive Period with Comments on Age and Growth of Small Benthic Littoral Fishes

Abstract. Length frequency distribution, condition factor and parasite infection of Blennius incog-nitus from three different areas near Rovinj, Yugoslavia have been investigated. Differences between considered parameters in three populations of B. incognitus have been found and discussed. Fishes were aged by otolith reading. Mean life span, growth rate, sex ratio and a sexual dimorphism in body size were noted in this littoral blenny. Our findings are discussed and compared with data on comparable littoral fishes.     

Residence time in a semi-enclosed domain from the solution of an adjoint problem

The residence time measures the time spent by a water parcel or a pollutant in a given water body and is therefore a widely used concept in environmental studies. While many previous studies rely on severe hypotheses (assuming stationarity of the flow and/or neglecting diffusion) to evaluate the residence time, the paper introduces a general method for computing the residence time and/or the mean residence time without such simplifying hypotheses. The method is based on the resolution of an adjoint advection–diffusion problem and is therefore primarily meant to be used with numerical models.The method and its implications are first introduced using a simplified one-dimensional analytical model. The approach is then applied to the diagnostic of the three-dimensional circulation on the Northwest European Continental Shelf.     

Spatial scales and evolution of stormwater plumes in Santa Monica Bay

Rainfall during winter storms produces extensive turbid, freshwater plumes in the coastal waters of the Southern California Bight. When the plumes result from urban runoff they contain toxic pollutants along with pathogenic bacteria and viruses, often resulting in closure of public beaches. We examined the spatial structure and evolution of stormwater plumes in Santa Monica Bay in 1996. The plumes resulted from freshwater discharge from the Ballona Creek and Malibu Creek watersheds which supply approximately 60% of the freshwater runoff to Santa Monica Bay. The spatial scales of the plumes were determined using shipboard measurements of water properties obtained from towyo transects and surface underway sampling. Salinity maps showed that the plumes typically extended 4-7 km offshore, consistent with scaling by the internal Rossby radius of deformation. Plumes extended along shore 10 km or more. Generally the plumes occupied the upper 10 m of the water column. The persistence time of a plume offshore of Ballona Creek was about three days based on a sequence of surveys in March 1996 following rainfall of about 21 mm. Limited comparison of plumes from Ballona Creek, which drains a developed watershed, and Malibu Creek, which drains a rural watershed, suggested that Malibu Creek required greater rainfall to produce an offshore plume. A stormwater plume offshore of Malibu Creek was observed on both sides of the creek mouth, possibly due to freshwater discharge from smaller surrounding watersheds or advection of freshwater discharges from the east and south. Plumes offshore of Ballona Creek mainly resulted from the creek itself and usually extended northward from the creek mouth, consistent with the wind forcing and the Coriolis acceleration.     

Acoustical and geological characteristics of near-surface sediments,upper continental slope of northern Gulf of Mexico

The continental slope off Texas and Louisiana is the most structurally and sedimentologically complex area in the Gulf of Mexico. This 120,000 km² area is dominated by diapiric tectonics, resulting in numerous faults, oil and gas seeps, and other geological phenomena that affect near-surface sediments. Bottom gradients range from 0 to 20°. High-resolution seismic surveys, foundation borings, and drop cores reveal several mass-movement features, acoustic wipeout zones, sea floor erosion, faults, hardgrounds, bioherms, reefs, and outcrops. Recent data indicate that most geological activity takes place during relative sea level lowering and low stands.