The Effect of Toluene-Substrate Concentration on Biological Clogging and Sloughing in Porous Media

One-dimensional flow experiments on biological clogging were carried out by biostimulating columns packed with glass beads, sterilized, and inoculated with toluene-utilizing bacteria. Biostimulation consisted of continuously injecting toluene at four concentrations (3.0 ± 0.9, 6.1 ± 0.8, 8.7 ± 1.6, and 11.3 ± 0.8 mg/L). The results of column flow experiments indicated that a threshold concentration of toluene exists below which the total biomass in the column can be kept at a steady-state level. The column cores were extruded and segmented to determine the biomass distribution throughout the column at clogging. Clogging resulted in a significant buildup of filamentous bacteria close to the inlet end. Based on the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA genes, the dominant filamentous bacteria were identified as Nocardia farcinica. A 235-d column experiment demonstrated that the clogging near injection points can be controlled by keeping the influent concentration of toluene below the threshold.     

首都减灾圈的思考与建议

首都减灾圈,系首都减轻自然灾害预测防治圈。1991年12月20—21日在北京召开了《首都圈自然灾害及其减灾对策研讨会》。本文根据这次会议所提供的材料,在从整体上实现减灾的思想指导下,就首都减灾圈的“成灾背景”、“首都减灾圈的组成”、“首都减灾圈的灾害预测与防治状况”、“首都减灾圈的灾害关联性分析”、“首都减灾圈的减灾实效预估”和“首都减灾圈的减灾对策与实施”等六个带有共同性的问题,进行了讨论。供制定首都圈减灾方案时参考。     

东亚和东南亚第四系时间界面的建议

在东亚和东南亚第四系对比中,有关的几条界限,本文建议如后。采用Globorotalia truncatulinoides的初现位作为本区海相第四系的下界,其位置大致在古地磁Olduvai亚时的下界,时间约为距今1.9Ma。在南中国海、东海及沿岸地区,发现了以G.truncatulinoides的初现位为代表的一系列有意义的生物事件,如Pulleniatina finalis的初现位,Globigerinoides obliquus和Globoquadrina altispira的灭绝位,以及Globorotalia menardii和Pulleniatina obliquloculata壳体旋向的变化。此界限在东亚和东南亚也是相当稳定的。在陆相地层中,以泥河湾组为代表,狭义的泥河湾动物群(相当于晚维拉方动物群)所在地层的底界,其古地磁位置为Olduvai亚时的底界。以此作为陆相第四系的下界,与上述海相第四系底界一致。 以古地磁布容/松山界线作为中更新世和早更新世的界限,其年代为0.73MaB.P.。中国中更新世的标准地层周口店组,其底界恰为布容/松山的转换面,北京猿人的年代为0.60—0.23MaB.P.。在洛川黄土剖面上,布容/松山界线为古土壤S_7的底界。雷琼地区中更新统下部的北海组的底界也是布容/松山界线,所产的玻璃陨石的裂变径迹年龄为0.687—0.733MaB.P.。在黄海,布容/松山界线是第Ⅶ海侵层的顶界。通过岩石地层标志,以及动物群、古人     

一种自适应的坡度阈值地面点云分割方法

针对城市道路斜坡地形场景中地面欠分割或过分割的问题,提出了一种自适应的激光雷达地面分割算法。首先将激光点云按照水平角度分辨率进行有序组织,然后求取同一水平角度下前后扫描圈间激光点云的距离和局部坡度,最后采用自适应水平距离、局部高度和全局高度阈值区分地面点和非地面点。结合40线激光雷达进行多场景实例分析,结果表明本文算法分割的准确率更高,处理每帧数据均用时约1ms,满足无人驾驶汽车的实时性需求。提出了一种自适应的激光雷达地面分割算法,实现了对激光雷达地面点云的准确分割。     

New seismogenic source and deep structures revealed by the 1999 Chia-yi earthquake sequence in southwestern Taiwan

In a tectonically active setting large earthquakes are always threats; however, they may also be useful in elucidating the subsurface geology. Instrumentally recorded seismicity is, therefore, widely utilized to extend our knowledge into the deeper crust, especially where basement is involved. It is because the earthquakes are triggered by underground stress changes that usually corresponding to the framework of geological structures. Hidden faults, therefore, can be recognized and their extension as well as orientation can be estimated. Both above are of relevance for assessment on seismic hazard of a region, since the active faults are supposed to be re-activated and cause large earthquakes. In this study, we analysed the 1999 October 22 earthquake sequence that occurred in southwestern Taiwan. Two major seismicity clusters were identified with spatial distribution between depths of 10 and 16 km. One cluster is nearly vertical and striking 032°, corresponding to the strike-slip Meishan fault (MSF) that generated the 1906 surface rupture. Another cluster strikes 190° and dips 64° to the west, which is interpreted as west-vergent reverse fault, in contrast to previous expectation of east vergence. Our analysis of the focal solutions of all the larger earthquakes in the 1999 sequence with the 3-D distribution of all the earthquakes over the period 1990–2004 allows us reinterpret the structural framework and suggest previously unreognized seismogenic sources in this area. We accordingly suggest: (1) multiple detachment faults are present in southwestern Taiwan coastal plain and (2) additional seismogenic sources consist of tear faults and backthrust faults in addition to sources associated with west-vergent fold-and-thrust belt.     

北斗与其他星座在GNSS变形监控系统中的数据对比分析

以某露天煤矿排土场边坡GNSS变形监测项目为例,在设计变形监测系统的基础上,利用华测HCMonitor变形监测系统专用软件,对监测数据采用不同卫星监测系统数据进行了组合定位,分析和对比了解算数据,探讨了北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）的应用效果并提出了合理的建议。     

石源龙地区岩浆岩的稀土元素和同位素地球化学

本章系统研究石源龙地区流纹质熔结凝灰岩、粒状碎斑熔岩、英安岩、星村中细粒黑云母花岗岩的铷锶同位素地质年龄，并根据锶、氧同位素和稀土元素含量讨论其地质意义     

曹妃甸填海工程阻断浅滩潮道初期老龙沟深槽的地形变化

通过研究1992、1997、2006年的测深资料,对比分析了横切老龙沟深槽口门处的地形横剖面和大致沿老龙沟深槽轴线的地形纵剖面,可知在此期间深槽内的水深有变浅和淤积的趋势。总体看来,老龙沟深槽的淤积厚度在0.61~4.8 m之间,并且老龙沟深槽轴线也有自东向西迁移的趋势。自2004年曹妃甸填海工程的通岛公路阻断浅滩潮道后,使老龙沟深槽内的潮流流量和流速减小,是引起老龙沟深槽内的水深变浅和淤积的主要原因。淤积可能主要发生在通岛公路阻断浅滩潮道后的初期即2004-2006年期间。该研究结果也证实了我们阻断浅滩潮道会引起老龙沟深槽淤积的推断。     

Numerical study of upper ocean response to a typhoon moving zonally across the Luzon Strait

The Luzon Strait (LS) is a wide channel between Taiwan and the Luzon islands. Eastward of the LS, the Kuroshio Current (KC) flows northward along the eastern coasts of Luzon and Taiwan. A typhoon is a strong and localized low-pressure weather system that occurs frequently in the vicinity of the Taiwan area. One typical typhoon track, passing through the seas surrounding Taiwan, is a zonal path across the LS. The satellite measured SST, corresponding to typhoons Pabuk (5 Aug. 2007–12 Aug. 2007) and Dujuan (29 Aug. 2003–5 Sep. 2003), which both moved along this path, demonstrated that a classic right bias cooling occurs to the north of the storm track, during the typhoon forced period. However, some cold anomaly water also present toward left (south) of the storm track east of the LS in the relaxation period. This paper adopted a three-dimensional hydrostatic primitive equation model to study the possible causes of this southward transport of cold waters. Both model results and the observed SST anomaly revealed that the strength of the upper ocean cooling depends on whether a resonant regime between the typhoon winds and the near-inertial currents can be excited. To the east of the LS, the convergence between the warm Kuroshio water and the cold wakes in the poststorm period will enhance the southward spreading of cold anomaly water. The enhanced vertical mixing, induced by the southward propagation of nearly inertial waves associated with the cold wakes, can also produce some cold anomaly to the south of a storm track in the poststorm period. Both mechanisms can contribute to the occurrence of some cold anomaly water to the south of the storm track east of the KC. To the west of the LS, the convergence between the warm Kuroshio water and the cold upwelling water from the northern South China Sea can further strengthen the Kuroshio front in the LS.     

北京地区单双频地基GPS大气水汽遥测试验与研究

该文对北京地区单双频地基GPS大气水汽监测网布网依据、单频与双频地基GPS测量数据解算技术应用、GAMIT和Bernese地基GPS数据分析处理软件应用、远程遥控GPS数据采集与通讯系统、资料分析与数值同化应用等方面的工作进展进行简要介绍,重点讨论了单双频地基GPS大气水汽资料的解算技术及其应用效果。结果表明:在北京天气敏感区通过单双频地基GPS接收机合理组网布局,可构建并利用高分辨率电离层延迟订正技术将单频接收机的大气水汽监测精度提高到实用水平,为强降水天气预报提供有价值的产品。