GPS虚拟参考站RTCM传输电文的分析与解码

网络RTK中流动站和数据处理中心间的数据传输是通过RTCMSC-104标准进行的,新的数据版本RTCM3.X是一种高效、简洁的格式。分析了RTCMSC-104版本3的数据结构和类型,提出了一种解码和校验的方法。通过编写C#程序进行解码,对校园虚拟参考站的数据进行了解码测试,表明本解码方法精确可靠。     

江苏新沂市露采矿山地质环境现状及恢复治理措施

新沂市的矿产资源开发利用程度低,潜力大,矿山开采规模小、资源浪费严重,采矿毁坏土地和植被,破坏生态环境,对自然地貌景观破坏严重;采矿掘进面高差大,边坡陡立,埋下诱发山体崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害隐患,易造成人员伤亡事故;露采矿山地质环境整治滞后,绝大多数露采矿山地质环境没有得到有效整治。根据露采矿山开采中存在的问题,提出了包括管理措施、工程技术措施和经济政策措施等地质环境恢复治理措施。     

"盆地聚集效应"与矿业城市经济的可持续发展

很多依赖矿产资源发展起来的矿业城市如今陷入了困境,原因在于其发展模式存在结构上的缺陷.在矿产资源日益稀缺、竞争不断加剧的时代,仅仅依靠矿产资源求发展是一种不可持续的模式.矿业城市应该构筑政策、环境、人才和市场等盆地,利用"盆地聚集效应",积极引进外部资源,完善产业结构,实现矿业城市经济的可持续发展.     

基于COM/AutoCAD的SPOT5卫星影像地物半自动成图方法

对使用COM ActiveX自动控件接口操作AutoCAD进行介绍,针对利用SPOT5 HRS立体影像进行地物要素成图问题提出基于COM/AutoCAD的矢量化方法,并着重阐述利用该方法制作1∶50 000地形图的主要问题。     

电子政务空间信息服务应用模型的适用性评价

在总结国内外相关模型评价方法和分析电子政务空间信息服务应用模型的基础上,提出一种基于多层次、可扩展评价指标体系的适用度评价模型,并给出适用度计算的方法和流程。最后,以三种地震灾害评估模型在震灾评估中的应用为例对其进行基于适用度的模型适用性评价。     

中国数字地质调查系统的基本构架 及其核心技术的实现

数字地质调查系统是贯穿整个地质矿产资源调查全过程的软件,涵盖地质矿产调查、矿产资源勘查、矿体模拟、品住估计、资源量估算、矿山开采系统优化等内容。考虑数字地质调查系统的应用技术层面,从数据“层”模型、数据流“池”技术、不同阶段数据模型继承技术、数据互操作技术等几个方面讨论了核心技术及其实现,通过基于无缝一体化技术的数据采集、管理、综合处理与成果表达,在实体或矿块的矿床建模技术与品住估计、储量估算等方面展现了全地质调查过程的数字化,不但为地质人员应用高新技术降低了门坎,而且极大地提高了研究精度和效率,丰富了成果的表现形式和服务形式。随着数字地质调查系统的完善和应用水平的提高,数字地质调查系统将成为中国地质调查的主流软件体系。     

Pulsar radio emission

Radio emission by pulsars is calculated from first principles. In an almost current-free magnetosphere, the two charged components (of the unsteadily escaping pair plasma) have different (and varying) bulk Lorentz factors. Curvature radiation emitted by the more energetic component is thus locally coherent, (so-called antenna mechanism). Strong enough seed signals cause the relativistically streaming charges to enhance their radiation, via an induced drift that can largely exceed the curvature drift. This amplification mechanism is similar to - but different from - that of a maser; we call it a MAIDER. Maximal amplification occurs at an (emission) altitude where the two components have sufficiently separated in energy though not yet separated too strongly in space.     

Gamma-ray bursts from nearby neutron stars

We interpret the puzzling-ray bursts as emitted by cooling sparks from the surface of spasmodically accreting, old neutron stars. Their spiky, anisotropic radiation is oriented w.r.t. the galactic disk via interstellar accretion, whose orbital angular momentum tends to counteralign with the galactic spin; in this way, larger source numbers in directions of the galactic disk are compensated by smaller beaming probabilities, resulting in a near-isotropic arrival distribution, as observed by BATSE. The source distances range between 10 pc and 500 pc. Their radiated energies are of order 10³⁵ erg, corresponding to accreted clumps (blades) of typical mass 10¹⁵ g per burst. Magnetic surface field strengths range between 10¹⁰ and 10¹² G, somewhat weaker than those of newborn neutron stars.     

高原大地形及海洋热力强迫对东亚及北半球环流和气候变化影响的观测研究

本文总结了“青藏高原大地形及西太平洋暖池势力强迫对东亚及全球气候变化的影响”专题五年来的主要研究工作。其中包括青世故高原东部大气热源的时间演变特征,夏半年高原热源异常对我国降水和北半球环流的影响;西沙海温变化特征及其与我南方降水的关系,北太平洋海温主因子特征及其与华南前汛期降水的变化。     

Boundary-layer parameterizations for applied dispersion modeling over urban areas

Many applied dispersion models require the knowledge of boundary-layer parameters such as sensible heat flux,Q _H , friction velocity,u _*, and turbulent energy components, _w and _v . Formulas are suggested for calculating these parameters over a wide variety of types of ground surfaces, based on simple observations of wind speed near the ground and fractional cloud cover, and specification of constants such as roughness length, albedo, and soil moisture availability. Observations ofu _*,Q _H , _w , and _v during field experiments in St. Louis and Indianapolis are used to test the formulas for urban sites. Relative errors of about ±20% in the predictions are seen to occur whenu _*,Q _H , _w , and _v are large. However, when these quantities are small (e.g.,u _* < 0.2 m/s), the errors in the predictions are as large as the mean value of the quantity itself.In addition, it is concluded from studies of available field data and theories that the magnitude of _w is not well-known at elevations above about 100m during the late afternoon and night. Some simple parameterizations for _w . are suggested that are consistent with the observed steady decrease in ground-level concentration in the afternoon and the sudden increase in concentration that can occur a few hours after sunset due to wind shears associated with a low-level jet, for continuous plumes emitted from moderate to tall stacks.