2003年云南大姚6.2级、6.1级地震中短期地震学异常演化特征

通过对2003年云南大姚6．2级、6．1级地震中短期地震学特征的分析和初步研究，认为大姚地震孕育过程中的短期阶段，震中附近的地震学异常以中小地震活动增强为主，表现为震区附近中小地震频度增加，4级震群活动、A值、GL值出现异常，同时震源深度加深等；在由中期向短期过渡的过程中，震源区异常消失相对平静，使多种地震学异常收缩至震源区附近；地震孕育进入短临阶段，震中附近地区再次出现了3～4级小震活动增强的特征，云南省地震活动出现向震中附近迁移的趋势。整个孕震过程，地震活动体现了活动-平静-活动的动态演化特征。     

唐山7.8级地震震后异常综合分析

本文对唐同山７．８级地震各前兆学科共１８９个测项的震后变化进行了归类统计与分析，讨论了震后变化的５种类型数量上的差异特征与后续地震的关系，分析了震后异常的分布特征与后续地震区及其地震活动异常的对应关系，认为利用前兆学科的震后变化的某些综合特征配合测震学进行了震后趋势判断有实用价值。     

单轴压缩条件下冻土的动态损伤和分形演化规律

基于损伤和分形理论, 对单轴压缩条件下冻土的力学性质进行了研究。建立了损伤变量和分形维数随应力变化的数学经验表达式,并作出了其动态演化曲线。通过演化曲线可以看出,分形维数与损伤变量随应力的递增均呈非线性增加,但分维的变化较平缓;损伤变量在初期变化相对平缓,在后期变化速率明显加快。因此,该研究有助于进一步认识冻土的损伤破坏过程和力学性质。     

四川九寨沟葫芦沟金矿地质特征及其对成矿作用的指示

九寨沟葫芦沟金矿是川陕甘金成矿三角区典型的微细浸染型金矿床之一,矿体主要受断裂控制,赋存于中泥盆统三河口组三段上亚段灰岩(D_2s~(3-2))和下亚段板岩(D_2s~(3-1))中,容矿岩石以花岗斑岩为主,板岩次之,两者混合岩类少见。葫芦沟金矿床相关地球化学特征显示,构造-岩浆活动对成矿起了重要的控制作用,有深部流体参与成矿的迹象。富矿岩石板岩与花岗斑岩的主量、微量元素地球化学研究表明,矿石中Au、As、Ag、Hg、Cu、Fe、Zn、S、Sb等成矿元素极为富集,其形成的Au-(Fe+S)-Ag-Sb和As-Hg 2种元素组合,与矿床内黄铁矿、辉锑矿、毒砂等矿化特征极为吻合,反映它们与金成矿具紧密联系。研究表明:区内岩浆活动时代与金矿成矿时代相当,岩浆活动不仅为区内成矿提供热源动力,而且还提供了一部分颇为主要的成矿物质(岩浆水源和矿源);之后,浅成—超浅成花岗质酸性岩浆活化并萃取了矿源层中泥盆统三河口组(D_2s)中的Au,形成了含Au较高的成矿热液,在构造改造和多元含矿地热流体作用下,又以其能干性和化学活泼性等特点,为金矿的形成提供了良好的赋矿空间,直至演变形成葫芦沟金矿床。     

Creep Damage Characteristics of Soft Rock under Disturbance Loads

This article focuses on the process of rock creep damage and micro-damage evolution properties of gray green mudstone under impacting disturbance load conditions for the first time using the real time computerized tomography (CT) testing technique. The results indicate that axial load comes into limit strength neighborhood, rock micro-crack links into larger crack, creep rate increases in a short time, larger plastic deformation happens; this is called disturbance accelerating creep stage. When rock is within limit strength neighborhood, there occurs creep micro-damage under smaller disturbance load. When disturbance load is larger, rock directly enters into disturbance accelerating creep stage, failure occurs instantaneously. On the basis of experimental research, the CT scanning method was used to describe the creep micro-damage of soft rock, also helpful in the prediction of roadways' service life and evaluation of geotechnicai engineering stability.     

渤海湾西侧泥质海岸带全新世岸线的变化与海洋的影响

以渤海湾泥质海岸带为例,从形态和地层证据2个方面总结了全新世岸线变化与海洋作用对该地区海岸带发育的影响。中全新世以来千年级别的岸线变迁至少以6次停顿（形成贝壳堤和泥质岭地）和岸进的交替为特征。过去130年间10年级别的岸线变化分为4个阶段,显示了＂小冰期＂结束后随气温上升而发生的岸线自然蚀退是如何逐渐被人类活动（特别是2000年以来的围海造陆）所取代的。全新世海相沉积中发现的9个峰值期和晚全新世的7次风暴驱动事件,表明了研究区泥质海岸带增强的海洋影响。这些结果提供了一条经由地质背景认识现代泥质海岸带过程的途径。     

应用模糊综合评判原理评价安全煤柱的留设

勘探阶段如何定量评价在厚度较大的新生界下采煤时,如何确定留设安全煤柱的水文工程地质条件,目前尚无完善的方法。以新郑矿区煤田地质勘探获取的水文地质及工程地质资料为例,选取新生界底部含水层、隔水层、风化带、煤层上覆岩组的水文地质及工程地质特征及区域地应力状态五个指标,采用模糊综合评判方法,对矿区留设安全煤柱的水文地质及工程地质条件进行综合评价。评价结果表明:研究区安全煤柱留设条件的优良级得分为48分,中等级得分为33分,较差级得分为19分,表明该矿二1煤层留设安全煤柱的水文地质及工程条件较好。研究结果可为矿区留设安全煤柱提供参考。     

The effect of long-term reclamation on enzyme activities and microbial community structure of saline soil at Shangyu, China

Reclamation of saline soil plays an important role in supporting high population growth in China. To evaluate the effects of reclamation and sustainability of salt-affected land production, soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community structure and function in sites reclaimed in 1976, 1984 and 1996 were characterized. The 2009 site was left to succession fallow and chosen as a control site. Results showed that electrical conductivity (EC) and pH decreased rapidly after the soil forming process started. An accumulation of soil organic C as a result of farming was observed. In all sites, inorganic N and available P were increased within 33 years after reclamation and commencement of agriculture. As a result of reclamation, soil enzyme activity (β-glucosidase, phosphatase, urease and arylsulfatase) was increased. There were no significant differences in soil enzyme activity between the sites reclaimed in 1976 and 1984, with the exception of phosphatase. Carbon source utilization patterns were less diverse in control soil than in treatment sites. The activities of reclamation resulted in synthesis of new phospholipid fatty acids (14:0, 17:1 c9, 16:0 2OH, 17:0 10Me, i17:0, 20:4 ω6c). Principal component analyses showed that the sites reclaimed in 1976 and 1984 clustered together and were distinct from 1996. Taken together, reclamation showed significantly increased soil quality and microbial activity. EC was the main limiting soil quality characteristic, which showed a comparative steady state after a reclamation time of 33 years. Differences in soil enzyme activity and microbial community function after long-term reclamation have potential to be reflected in soil functional integrity and ecosystem service.     

重磁界面的一种快速正、反演方法

重磁界面的正反演方法研究是地球物理解释方法中的重要课题。本文在前人研究Raker反演方法的基础上采用了一种增强反演稳定性的快速正反演方法,并较好地解决了稳定因子中参数选择问题。本文还对该方法的收敛性及影响反演效果的诸因素加以详细讨论。理论模型及应用实例说明该方法是一种令人满意的快速正反演方法。