一例由蓄水诱发的库岸边坡变形

加拿大Oldman坝的库岸边坡主要由近水平、互层的砂岩及泥岩构造，自1993年开始蓄水以来库岸边坡一直处于变形之中。文章在简介区域地质条件、工程地质条件和水库蓄水诱发变形的基础上，对变形诱发机制进行了讨论。基于监测资料分析：（1）由于水库库边坡的卸荷裂隙十分发育， 提供了快速的水力通道， 蓄水期水对库岸边坡稳定存在不利影响；（2）该例的泥岩不存在膨胀性；（3）库岸边坡变形是由于水的快速渗透导致有效应力降低和泥岩软化，库岸边坡应力重新调整引起的；（4）对于软岩边坡，特别是库岸软岩边坡变形稳定分析比强度稳定分析更重要。     

覆盖和耕作对黄土高原冬小麦土壤入渗特性的影响

用人工模拟降雨器对黄土高原冬小麦收获后6个耕作措施:不翻耕(NT),不翻耕 覆盖(NTC),浅翻耕(LT),浅翻耕 覆盖(LTC),深翻耕(DT),深翻耕 覆盖(DTC)处理下土壤的入渗进行了研究,测定了土壤表面结皮、粗糙度等指标因子。结果表明,在模拟降雨强度为66 mm/h的条件下,覆盖处理的稳定入渗率>60 mm/h,降雨开始的40 m in内,平均入渗量>93%;深翻耕(DT)的稳定入渗率(26.4 mm/h)是浅翻耕(LT)(13.0 mm/h)的2倍,是不翻耕(NT)(6.4 mm/h)的4.1倍,降雨历时20m in时,深翻耕(DT)和浅翻耕(LT)分别比不翻耕处理(NT)减少径流28%和7%,40 m in时,浅翻耕(LT)和不翻耕(NT)处理径流量相当,深翻耕(DT)比这两个处理减少径流30%左右,土壤翻耕后在前期能提高土壤的入渗率,表现出经长年耕作后土壤退化的强烈特征,是“耕地越深,入渗越快”观念的根源;地表结皮是影响降雨入渗的主要因素,覆盖等保护性耕作更有利于土壤入渗。     

华北陆块东南缘徐淮地区侵入岩岩石组合及时空分布

徐淮地区是安徽北部重要的铁多金属矿成矿区,区内晋宁期和燕山期岩浆活动频繁,形成众多基性、中性和酸性岩体,其中早白垩世岩浆作用与成矿作用关系密切。分析该区侵入岩岩石组合和分布特点,晋宁—燕山期可以划分出3个阶段3个岩石组合：晋宁期辉绿岩-石英正长斑岩-闪斜煌斑岩系列,成岩年龄为距今890.0～913.0 Ma;燕山期早侏罗世石英二长闪长岩-花岗岩系列,成岩年龄为距今180.0～191.3 Ma;燕山期早白垩世闪长斑岩+闪长（玢）岩+石英闪长玢岩+二长花岗岩组合系列,成岩年龄为距今102.1～132.2 Ma。燕山期早白垩世形成的岩体最多,活动最为强烈,与该区矽卡岩型矿床的形成密切相关,形成于中国东部构造应力由挤压转变为伸展的转折期。     

发育大洋斜长花岗岩的南海管事平顶海山：深部地壳和莫霍面钻探的优选区？

本文紧密围绕IODP“面向2050年大洋钻探科学框架”中的“地球深部探测”旗舰计划和“莫霍面”梦想，研究并总结全球现代洋壳发现的大洋斜长花岗岩的分布规律、岩石组合特征和成因模式，探讨发育大洋斜长花岗岩的南海管事平顶海山是否为深部地壳和莫霍面钻探潜在优选区。统计结果表明大洋斜长花岗岩在多种不同构造背景形成的洋壳上均有发现，包括西南印度洋超慢速扩张构造环境，大西洋、西北太平洋、西印度洋和中印度洋慢速扩张构造环境，东太平洋快速扩张构造环境，南海等边缘海构造环境，伊豆- 小笠原- 马里亚纳(IBM)岛弧、九州- 帕劳海脊、Amami海底高原等洋内俯冲构造环境。多数大洋斜长花岗岩呈脉状零散分布于辉长岩中，意味大洋斜长花岗岩可能形成于洋壳深部，在后期断裂等地质作用下被剥蚀而更容易被发现，成为了解洋壳深部岩浆过程和洋壳结构的一个窗口。管事平顶海山位于南海东部次海盆古扩张脊附近，拖网获得MORB型大洋斜长花岗岩，前人基于地球化学数据认为其可能为辉长岩部分熔融形成。本文推测管事平顶海山大洋斜长花岗岩很可能为洋壳深部物质剥露海底，是南海的一个重要构造窗口，有望成为南海深部地壳和莫霍面钻探的潜在优选区，但需要开展进一步调查研究以验证推测：① 海山大洋斜长花岗岩为拖网所得，位置误差较大，需开展可精确定位的电视抓斗、浅钻或有缆遥控水下机器人(ROV)调查；② 海山目前只发现大洋斜长花岗岩，需调查海山是否发育辉长岩等深部地壳岩石组合；③ 需开展重磁、深反射地震、海底地震仪(OBS)、大地电磁等调查研究，建立管事平顶海山洋壳和上地幔结构模型，查明断裂带分布，揭示莫霍面深度。     

Using pore-solid fractal dimension to estimate residual LNAPLs saturation in sandy aquifers: A column experiment

The“tailing”effect caused by residual non-aqueous phase liquids(NAPLs)in porous aquifers is one of the frontiers in pollution hydrogeology research.Based on the current knowledge that the residual NAPLs is mainly controlled by the pore structure of soil,this study established a method for evaluating the residual saturation of NAPLs by investigating the fractal dimension of porous media.In this study,the soil column experiments of residual light NAPLs(LNAPLs)in sandy aquifer with different ratios of sands and soil were carried out,and the correlation between the fractal dimension of the medium,the residual of LNAPLs and the soil structure parameters are statistically analyzed,and its formation mechanism and main control factors are discussed.The results show that:Under our experimental condition:(1)the fractal dimension of the medium has a positive correlation with the residual saturation of NAPLs generally,and the optimal fitting function can be described by a quadratic model:S_R=192.02 D2-890.73 D+1040.8;(2)the dominant formation mechanism is:Smaller pores in the medium is related to larger fractal dimension,which leads to higher residual saturation of NAPLs;stronger heterogeneity of the medium is related to larger fractal dimension,which also leads to higher residual saturation of NAPLs;(3)the micro capillary pores characterized by fine sand are the main controlling factors of the formation mechanism.It is concluded that both the theory and the method of using fractal dimension of the medium to evaluate the residual saturation of NAPLs are feasible.This study provides a new perspective for the research of“tailing”effect of NAPLs in porous media aquifer.     

乡村建筑营造:认同的建构

乡村建筑典型的地域性和多样性,与乡村的身份和地方认同有着紧密的关系。在建筑营造的过程中,往往交织着以精英为代表的权力意志、先锋理念与以草根为代表的自发、匿名行为。深受地域主义、现代-后现代主义、批判地域主义影响的建筑领域,对乡村认同的建构有着或直接或间接的影响,梳理和实证这一脉络,对乡村文化地理有着积极的研究意义。研究认为,地域主义盛行时期,乡村建筑深受自然地理环境的影响,但政治与主流文化的建构仍存在,建筑营造回应为民族性的认同;现代-后现代主义混杂影响时期,村民与城市进入乡村的居民,以追求现代性和个性拼贴的方式建构碎片化的认同;批判地域主义时期,建筑师与村民则以精英设计、公众参与的方式,在建筑营造和协商中重构彼此认可的乡村新认同。     

黄河源区鄂陵湖湖面和湖边草地对流边界层湍流结构特征的大涡模拟研究

为研究黄河源区边界层湍流特征及其对物质和能量输送的影响,本文首次采用大涡模拟的方法,对比分析了黄河源区两种不同下垫面上(鄂陵湖和湖边草地)对流边界层(CBL)中精细的湍流结构特征.使用资料为2012年夏季黄河源区鄂陵湖流域野外观测实验的GPS探空资料、涡动相关观测资料.分析表明,模拟的黄河源区草地和湖上CBL的平均结构...     

The Response of Anomalous Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Patterns Related to Drought and Flood in Southern China to Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly

With the extreme drought (flood) event in southern China from July to August in 2022 (1999) as the research object, based on the comprehensive diagnosis and composite analysis on the anomalous drought and flood years from July to August in 1961-2022, it is found that there are significant differences in the characteristics of the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) anomaly circulation pattern and the VIMF convergence (VIMFC) anomaly in southern China in drought and flood years, and the VIMFC, a physical quantity, can be regarded as an indicative physical factor for the "strong signal" of drought and flood in southern China. Specifically, in drought years, the VIMF anomaly in southern China is an anticyclonic circulation pattern and the divergence characteristics of the VIMFC are prominent, while those are opposite in flood years. Based on the SST anomaly in the typical draught year of 2022 in southern China and the SST deviation distribution characteristics of abnormal draught and flood years from 1961 to 2022, five SST high impact areas (i.e., the North Pacific Ocean, Northwest Pacific Ocean, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and East Pacific Ocean) are selected via the correlation analysis of VIMFC and the global SST in the preceding months (May and June) and in the study period (July and August) in 1961-2022, and their contributions to drought and flood in southern China are quantified. Our study reveals not only the persistent anomalous variation of SST in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean but also its impact on the pattern of moisture transport. Furthermore, it can be discovered from the positive and negative phase fitting of SST that the SST composite flow field in high impact areas can exhibit two types of anomalous moisture transport structures that are opposite to each other, namely an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation pattern anomaly in southern China and the coastal areas of east China. These two types of opposite anomalous moisture transport structures can not only drive the formation of drought (flood) in southern China but also exert its influence on the persistent development of the extreme weather.